measuring a student center’s performance acui ed session
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Measuring a Student Center’s PerformanceACUI Annual Conference 2014, Orlando
Carlos Costa, Rutgers UniversityDavid Hatton, StantecMelinda Johnson, Stantec
David Hatton VP , Higher Education Sector Lead
• Portfolio of over 45 student centers• 25 years of Education experience• Presenting at ACUI for 16 years• Stantec has a dedicated student center studio• Stantec is a national leader in Higher Education
focusing on student life, campus master planning, and science facilities
Carlos Costa Director, Rutgers University Student Centers
• 21 years of Higher Education experience• At Rutgers since 2012• Rutgers University, founded 1776, comprehensive
public research university, 50,000 students• Previous Director of Eastern Michigan University
(EMU) Student Center
Melinda Johnson, PE, Principal
• Discipline Leader of Engineering, Philadelphia• 25 Years experience of education projects• Significant experience with mechanical engineering
in student centers• Significant experience with energy modeling and
sustainability
Agenda
1Why Measure?
2 Post Occupancy Evaluation
3 Program Performance
4Architecture Performance
5 Energy Performance
6 Best Practices
Why Measure?
Feedback improves design
• Validates design assumptions
• Confirms our energy analysis
• Building users can help to find better solutions for designers
• Outcome is better building design
Designers create vision…
They present to clients….
Organic beauty…..
Understated entrance…
Sustainable…
Well Proportioned…
Accessible…
How do we measure?
Post Occupancy Evaluation
Post Occupancy Research
• Focus groups• Interviews• Visual listening• Building place
critique• Red dots,
greendots
• Three sessions
• Over 30 people
• Almost all had participated in 2002 focus group
EMU Evaluation
Did the program work?
Program Performance
Project Goals Benchmarking McKinney
• Gateway to campus
• Place to get information
• Charm
• No “wow”• Not fun place to be• Spaces
compartmentalized• Not welcoming
Project Goals
• “A place you want to be”• Fun, active, comfortable, inviting yet upscale and
classy• Reflective of EMU community and School Spirit• Timeless and memorable• A place where commuters, alumni, prospective
students, parents and the community feel welcome
Project Program
19%
19%
16%12%
12%
10%
7%5%Meeting Space 21,846
Dining & Food Service 21,229
Admin Offices 18,009
Ballroom 14,231
Bookstore 13,639
Lounge 11,674
Student Orgs Offices 7,754
Other Retail 5,949
SUBTOTAL NSF 114,332
TOTAL GSF 180,000
EMU Evaluation Great New Location
Site Plan
ConceptImages
ConceptImages
ConceptModel
First Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
Third Floor Plan
Construction
• $40.5 M const., (2003 dollars)
• 181,000 SF new• Opened in Nov.
2006
Focus Group Feedback
• Accomplished original goals:
“Vibrant CommunityHub of Campus”
• New Entrance to Campus
• Connected Commuters and Resident Students
• New Entrance to Campus• Connected Campus• Busy “all day”• 24/7
Focus Group Feedback
• Easily identifiable entrances
• Welcoming
Focus Group Feedback
• Community hearth• Natural lighting• Comfortable• Welcoming• Connected to outside year
round• “Best Place to Hang Out
Between Classes” – Eastern Echo
Focus Group Feedback
• See and Be Seen
• Choose Level of Connection
• Transparency of space highlights student activity
• Natural lightingWay finding
Focus Group Feedback
• Functional• User friendly• Dedicated• Multi-
function• Diverse Users• Stage &
support areas
Focus Group Feedback
• Visibility of activity• Comfortable• Natural lighting• Traffic by Student Life Offices• Stop here to get involved• Everyone wants “Main Street”
Focus Group Feedback
• Flexible dining/lounge• Variety of “scale of space”
Self Select Comfort• Community• Natural Lighting
Focus Group Feedback
• User friendly informationFunctional
• Check-in• At Crossroads vs. Entrance• Multiple Main Entrances• Consider More than One…
Focus Group Feedback
• CommunityBuilding
• Comfortable• Heritage• Helped
Define Building
Focus Group Feedback
• Offices – everyone on the “main street”? – must use vs.
destination
• Adjacencies – leverage high traffic or must use services
• The Mix: spaces, programs, services, friendliness of staff
• “One-Stop-Shop” in broad sense
Focus Group Lessons Learned
Architecture Feedback - Negatives
• More program and space
• Continuous stair
• Another elevator
• More durable finishes
How was the Design Performance?
• Connection to Community
Exterior Architecture
Exterior Architecture• Entry is a
beacon, clear and pronounced
Exterior Architecture• Outdoor
Place making
Exterior Architecture• Transparency
• Connection to Community
• Signage?
Exterior Architecture Observations
• Excellent separation of entry and service
Exterior Architecture Observations
• Beacon entrances
• Clear sense of front doors
Exterior Architecture Observations
• Guest parking the right locations
• Adequate number of spaces
Exterior Architecture Observations
• Painted exterior steel will oxidize
Exterior Architecture Observations
• Need for porous fill adjacent to building
Exterior Architecture Observations
• Guest parking the right locations
• Adequate number of spaces
Exterior Architecture Observations
Interior Architecture
• See and be seen
• Light and Transparency
• Place to hang out
• Flexibility –Dine, lounge, study
Interior Architecture
• Place to get information
• Comfortable seating
Interior Architecture
• Fireplace Hearth creates community
• Signage?
Interior Architecture
• Street of Activity
Interior Architecture
• Kiva space created community
Interior Architecture Observations
• Consider the amount traffic and walk-off dirt
Interior Architecture Observations
• Activity Street constantly filled with energy
• See and be seen
Interior Architecture Observations
• Interior Street carries snow and salt in winter
• Continuous cleaning considerations
Interior Architecture Observations
• In spite of lower cost VCT floors are durable and still maintain original appearance
Interior Architecture Observations
• Spaces are active in particular during lunch hours
Interior Architecture Observations
• Evolution of gaming
Interior Architecture Observations
• Need for group study and gathering
Interior Architecture Observations
• Durability of materials
• Invest in solid surface vs. laminate
Interior Architecture Observations
• Power management
• Outlet location
Interior Architecture Observations
• Two story auditorium design has great sight lines
• Durability of cup holders
Interior Architecture Observations
• Original restaurant space
• Evolution of space
Interior Architecture Observations
• Warmth of hearth creates community
Interior Architecture Observations
• Never underestimate the need for storage
Interior Architecture Observations
• Atrium unites student activities
Architecture Feedback
• More program and space
• Continuous stair
• Another elevator
• More durable finishes
• Remember the cost of
increased sf at the expense of
lesser quality finishes
Project Goals revisted
• “A place you want to be”• Fun, active, comfortable, inviting yet upscale and
classy• Reflective of EMU community and School Spirit• Timeless and memorable• A place where commuters, alumni, prospective
students, parents and the community feel welcome
Measuring Energy/Sustainability performance
EMU Feedback, Scott Storrar, Director, Facilities, Planning, & Construction
• Controls manufacturer was not right for EMU• Some venting backdraft problems• Centralized grease system is a constant maintenance
issue• Elevator manufacturer did not meet specifications
Engineering Process
• 3-D Revit • Energy Models• Commissioning • Measurement & Verification
What is Revit?
• Revit is a 3-D program with “Smart” objects for the Architectural, structural and engineering systems within a building.
Aerial View 1
Legend
HVAC
Electrical
Plumbing
Fire Protection
Aerial View 2
Rooftop Unit
Plumbing Utilities
What is an Energy Model?
• An Energy Model is a computer program simulation of the Energy consumption of a given building.
Energy Model Information
• Weather data• Wall construction• Glass type• Roof construction• Lights• People
What is an Energy Model
• Base Model – Minimum energy code compliant building.
• Proposed Model – Actual building design with “Sustainable” systems included.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL
Insert from IES analysis
Climate Analysis
00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Load
(Btu
/h)
Date: Thu 08/Jul
Cooling plant sensible load: Level 15 West (egww_overhang(d)towindow(h)_1to2.aps)Cooling plant sensible load: Level 15 West (egww_overhang(d)towindow(h)_2to1.aps)Cooling plant sensible load: Level 15 West (egww_overhang(d)towindow(h)_1to1.aps)Cooling plant sensible load: Level 15 West (egww_noshade.aps)Cooling plant sensible load: Level 15 West (egww_fins_surr.aps)
No Shade
1:1 ratio horizontal overhang
35 btu/sq ft
25 btu/sq ft
Vegetated
fins
Envelope Optimization Shading Analysis
BaselineDaylighting
E/WInteriorBlinds
BetterFlush Out
>85
80-8575-80
183174
165
116
67 6559
4533
3228
150
20406080
100120140160180200
Hours in Range
Max Hours In Range75-80 150 hrs80-85 50 hrs> 85 20 hrs
Run
Temp Range (F)
>85 80-85 75-80
Thermal analysis modeling is a powerful design tool. It enables Stantec to predict the thermal response of individual zones within a naturally ventilated building or mechanically cooled building.
Thermal analysis calculates internal temperatures for the summer and winter scenarios
There are many features in the thermal modeling program that Stantec utilizes which set it apart from most conventional simulation software. The most obvious advantage is its ability to model natural ventilation.
Thermal analysis calculates the natural airflow and air patterns produced by stack effect and wind and generates hourly internal temperature profiles for each of the zones in the space. Using the solar information, thermal analysis is able to model shading and perform shadow calculations. In addition, thermal modeling accounts for the thermal mass and storage properties of building elements.
This analysis is used to optimize the envelope design with regards to the shading features as well as operable windows in scenarios where natural ventilation shall be used to cool the building.
Envelope Optimization Thermal Analysis
Com
put
er-b
ase
d m
odel
s
Daylighting for Classrooms
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2.25 6.75 11.25 15.75 20.25 24.75 29.25 33.75
distance from window
foot
cand
les
Iteration 1 - option 2 withnorth roof overhangremovedIteration 2 - interior lightshelf + iteration 1
Iteration 3 - higherclearstory + iteration 1
Iteration 4 - interior lightshelf + iteration 3
Iteration 5 - 1 foot higherthan iteration 3
Iteration 6 - interiorlightshelf + iteration 5
Iteration 7- 1 foot higherthan iteration 5
Iteration 8 - interiorlightshelf + iteration 7
Iteration 9- north monitor+ iteration 3
Daylighting Qualitative & Quantitative
Monthly Utility Costs
Energy Modeling
Cost Savings
Commissioning ProgramWhere does “Commissioning” come from?
• “Commissioning” originated from the shipbuilding industry. A commissioned ship is one deemed worthy for service after passing several milestones. Equipment is installed and tested, issues are identified and corrected, and the prospective crew is extensively trained.
What is Measurement and Verification?
• It is the process where the computer simulated results are compared to the real world 1-year after operation.
Motivation to Conduct M&V
• Performance– Energy model calibration– Validation of energy
conservation measures– Improve design and
operation of building– Identify problems
• Basis for Expenditures– Performance contracts– Utility programs– Emission trading– Energy budgets
Baseline Calibration
• Establish accurate baseline performance (Empirical versus hypothetical)
• Revise assumptions• Generate new operating
parameters• Identify and adjust for
coincident weather conditions
• As-built model
Energy at a GlanceEnergy Use Intensity : 37 kBtu/ft2
Natural Gas: 18 kBtu/ft2
Electricity:[1] 19 kBtu/ft2
Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI): 0.53 $/ft2 · yrENERGY STAR Rank: 84
Cost Per Square Foot: $ 160
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9Kb
tu/s
q ft
January-09
February-09 March-09 April-09 May-09 June-09 July-09 August-09 September
-09October-
09November-
09December-
09Actual 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5Proposed Model 6 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 4Baseline Model 8 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 7 8
Annual Energy Consumption
Total Annual Energy ConsumptionActual 37Proposed Model 43Baseline Model 65
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Kbt
u/sq
ft
Annual Energy Consumption
Measurement & Verification Real Savings
DashboardingConnection to the Student Life
Conclusion
Learning from experience
• Encourage your architect to do a post-occupancy evaluation
• Consider the costs of buying space at the expense of quality
• We are open to feedback and want to improve our product
• Keep notes of what is working and what isn’t
Celebrate Success
• In Best College Reviews, EMU ranked #4 in the country as one of “The Most Amazing Campus Student Unions”
• The real success: the use by students.
Questions?
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