medical analysis department faculty of science

1

(First Course) 3rd Grade –2020-2021

1st lab

Asst.lec: Muzhda H. Saber

muzhda.haydar@tiu.edu.iq

Date:17-10-2021

MEDICAL ANALYSIS DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF SCIENCE

2

Arteries

Veins

Lecture outline

• Structure of Blood

• Function of blood components

• ABO groups

• Blood components Abbreviations

• Diseases related to the Blood

3

Learning outcomes:

• Recognize the blood composition

• Determining blood components structure

and functions in human body.

• How to differentiate between them

• Diseases and disorders related to the blood

• Learning their abbreviations.

• Some blood tests and laboratory Terms.

4

Structure and Function of Blood

• Complex mixture of cells, water, proteins

and sugars.

• Transports nutrients, oxygen, and

hormones to all parts of the body.

• Helps regulate body temperature.

• Transports waste products away from body

cells.

5

Blood Composition

6

Fluid Portion

- Plasma consisting of:

• water

• proteins

• salts

• nutrients

• vitamins

• hormones

Cellular Portion

Cellular composition:

Blood cells consisting

of:

• Red blood cells

• White blood cells

• Platelets

Note: If proteins and blood cells were removed from

plasma the remaining fluid would be called serum.

7

Plasma

Clear liquid made up of 92% water and 8%

organic and inorganic biochemicals.

Plasma Proteins

albumin

fibrinogen

globulin

prothrombin

8

Serum and plasma

1. Plasma is composed of serum and clotting

factors.

2. Serum is the part of blood which lack

clotting factors.

Red Blood Cells

• Also known as erythrocytes.

• Mature red blood cells have no nucleus and

appear biconcave.

• Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells

that is essential to the transport of oxygen.

• Red blood cells live about 120 days.9

10

Blood Cell

Red blood cells Blood Cell

d Blood Cells Part 2Hemoglobin

heme globin

Red Blood Cell

Hemoglobin is an iron containing biomolecule

that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the red

color of the RBC.

11

White blood cells(WBCs) Whit

Leukocytes• Also known as Leukocytes

• Function to destroy foreign substances

• Two main groups are granulocytes and

agranulocytes

Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

12

13

Platelets

Platelets

•Also known as

thrombocytes

•Live for about

10 days

•Assist in blood

clotting

Red blood cells Platelets

Damaged

Platelets begin to

adhere to tissue edges

and to each other .

They form a soft

platelet plug.

Other clotting factors

make a stable plug or

clot.

Tissue and anti-

thrombin, and other

agents break down the

clot.

Blood types

• Four human blood types or groups exist

A, B, AB, O

• People with type O blood can donate to all

other types and are called universal donors.

Individuals with type AB are called

universal recipients.14

Rh factor

• In addition to the blood type, there is a

positive or negative element found in the

blood.

• Rh positive blood contain D antigen.

• Rh negative blood does not contain D

antigen.

15

16

Combining Forms (agglutin)Combining Form Meaning

agglutin (o)

eosino

erythr (o)

hemat (o)

phag (o)

thromb (o)

agglutinin

eosinophil

red

blood

eating

blood clot

17

Combining Forms (APTT)Abbreviation Meaning

baso

CBC

Eos

HGB, Hb

basophil

complete blood count

eosinophils

Hemoglobin

18

The withdrawal of blood for

examination, known as

venipuncture is used very

frequently as a diagnostic tool.

19

Common Blood Analyses

• Complete blood count

- common screen for basic

medical checkup

• Blood chemistry

- tests plasma for various substances such as

glucose and electrolytes.

Common Blood Analyses cont.

• Blood culture

-tests a blood

specimen in a

culture to identify

the presence of

microorganisms

•Hemoglobin

-measures level

of hemoglobin in

the blood

• White blood

cell differential

- tests number

and types of

leukocytes

•Prothrombin time

-tests for coagulation

defects

21

Hemolysis

•Breakdown

in red blood

cell membrane

Polycythemia

•Abnormal increase

in red blood cells

and hemoglobin

Aniosocytosis

•Red blood cells

vary in size and

shape

Macrocytosis

•Abnormally

large red blood

cells

Microcytosis

•Abnormally small

red blood cells

Common

Disorders related to

RBC

Https://www2.Palomar.Edu/anthro/blood/quizzes/bldquiz1.Htm

22

Homework

23