mercury mercury control technology development in the ... eric prestbo.pdf · mercury mercury...

Mercury Mercury Control Technology Development in the Control Technology Development in the

Laboratory: International HgCEM Research and Laboratory: International HgCEM Research and

Development Development ApplicationsApplications

presented by presented by Eric M. PrestboEric M. Prestbo, Karl R. Wilber, Gabriel D. Eiras and Kai Zhang, Karl R. Wilber, Gabriel D. Eiras and Kai Zhang

www.tekran.com

lab-air-info@tekran.com

CEM ConferenceCEM Conference

MayMay--20142014, , Istanbul TurkeyIstanbul Turkey

BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF ADVANCES IN BRIEF SYNOPSIS OF ADVANCES IN

CEMCEM--BASED MERCURY FLUE GAS BASED MERCURY FLUE GAS

MEASUREMENTS, STIMULATED BY MEASUREMENTS, STIMULATED BY

www.tekran.com

-- USA REGULATIONS USA REGULATIONS

-- PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS IN PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS IN

THE FIELDTHE FIELD

-- TECHNICAL ADVANCESTECHNICAL ADVANCES

U.S. EPA EGU MATS and Cement MACTU.S. EPA EGU MATS and Cement MACT

U.S. EPA

Regulation

Existing

Source

Standard

New Source

Standard

Deadline for

Compliance

Electric Generator

Unit MATS

1.2 lbs./T-BTU 0.35 lbs./T-BTU April 2015

Portland Cement

55 lbs./MM tons

clinker

21 lbs./MM tons

clinker

September 2015

www.tekran.com

� Summary – for EGUs, mercury concentration must be really low at ~ 170 parts per trillion (v/v) = 1.5 µg/m3 for EGUs

MACT clinker clinker

�� Because U.S EPA Regulations are based on Because U.S EPA Regulations are based on

performance standards, there is no need to have performance standards, there is no need to have

an equivalent MCERTS or TUV certification an equivalent MCERTS or TUV certification

required in the USA for HgCEM equipment. required in the USA for HgCEM equipment.

In the USA, HgCEM Equipment Trials in In the USA, HgCEM Equipment Trials in

Real Flue Gas Determines AcceptanceReal Flue Gas Determines Acceptance

www.tekran.com

Instead there are:Instead there are:

•• EPA Field Trials in 2004EPA Field Trials in 2004--20052005

•• Independent Research Group Performance Testing Independent Research Group Performance Testing

(i.e. EERC)(i.e. EERC)

•• Field Trials by Power and Cement CompaniesField Trials by Power and Cement Companies

•• Frequent Relative Accuracy Tests (RATA)Frequent Relative Accuracy Tests (RATA)

U.S. EPA Trials U.S. EPA Trials 2005 2005 -- SummarySummary

www.tekran.com

�� Relative Accuracy must be <20%Relative Accuracy must be <20%

�� Most HgCEMs did poorly, except Tekran and Thermo. Only Most HgCEMs did poorly, except Tekran and Thermo. Only the Tekran 3300 CEM was able to pass the Tekran 3300 CEM was able to pass allall USEPA Trial USEPA Trial performance performance measurements.measurements.

Joint EERC, EPRI & ICCI ProjectJoint EERC, EPRI & ICCI ProjectDetermining the Accuracy of CMMs at Low Mercury ConcentrationsDetermining the Accuracy of CMMs at Low Mercury Concentrations

Figures adapted from Laudal et al., 2010 Figures adapted from Laudal et al., 2010

www.tekran.com

lab-air-info@tekran.com66

NOTE: The coal result bias for the Thermo NOTE: The coal result bias for the Thermo

Freedom System was resolved on a second Freedom System was resolved on a second

test at EERCtest at EERC

Reliant Energy: Reliant Energy: HgCEM Accuracy HgCEM Accuracy -- low low

Hg Hg levels levels –– wet scrubber stack wet scrubber stack -- 20072007

�� Sorbent Traps (avg) = Sorbent Traps (avg) = 0.59 ug/m0.59 ug/m33

�� Tekran with M&C Tekran with M&C (avg) = 0.56 ug/m(avg) = 0.56 ug/m33

�� Slide courtesy of Eric Slide courtesy of Eric

www.tekran.com

�� Slide courtesy of Eric Slide courtesy of Eric RolandRoland

NOTE: Reliant Energy NOTE: Reliant Energy

is now NRGis now NRG

�� The coal flue gas The coal flue gas matrixmatrix is very challengingis very challenging

�� ConversionConversion of Hgof Hg2+2+to Hgto Hg00 quantitatively with longquantitatively with long--

term robustness is critical for successterm robustness is critical for success

�� Quantitative Quantitative transporttransport of Hg species from probe to of Hg species from probe to

Field Trials: Lessons Learned about Field Trials: Lessons Learned about

HgCEM System Design and Operation HgCEM System Design and Operation

www.tekran.com

�� Quantitative Quantitative transporttransport of Hg species from probe to of Hg species from probe to

detector requires:detector requires:

•• Dilution with dry airDilution with dry air

•• High temperatures for HgHigh temperatures for Hg2+2+ -- no cold spotsno cold spots

•• Inert surface materials Inert surface materials

�� 1 µg/m3 1 µg/m3 Hg = 112 Hg = 112 parts per trillion (v/v)parts per trillion (v/v)

�� Accurate measurements requires Accurate measurements requires

understanding and managing the many understanding and managing the many

potential mercury redox reactions potential mercury redox reactions with with

halogens, sulfur oxides and water halogens, sulfur oxides and water in the gas in the gas

MATRIX: Accurately Measuring pptv* MATRIX: Accurately Measuring pptv*

Levels of Mercury in Coal Flue GasLevels of Mercury in Coal Flue Gas

HgHg00

HgHgClCl22HClHCl

SOSO22

HH22OONONOXX

HBrHBr

SeSeFeFe

www.tekran.com

phase and on surfaces phase and on surfaces

�� Tekran R&D spent 1998 to 2003 Tekran R&D spent 1998 to 2003

understanding flue gas mercury reactions understanding flue gas mercury reactions

in the lin the laborataboratoryory

�� Detectors can only measure HgDetectors can only measure Hg00

HgHg00

BiBi--directional reactionsdirectional reactions

For analysis, HgFor analysis, Hg00 formation must be quantitative formation must be quantitative

with no back reactionwith no back reaction

CONVERSION: The Challenge of Mercury CONVERSION: The Challenge of Mercury

and Reactive Halogensand Reactive Halogens

�� HgHg00 + reactive halogen is our + reactive halogen is our

friend and foe:friend and foe:

•• Required for Hg analysis by HgCEMRequired for Hg analysis by HgCEMss

and direct thermal method for and direct thermal method for

sorbent traps (30B)sorbent traps (30B)

•• Helpful for Hg control and used for Helpful for Hg control and used for

HgHgClCl2 2 HgHg00 + + ClCl22

www.tekran.com

For For control, HgXcontrol, HgX22 formation formation and capture needs to and capture needs to

be quantitative be quantitative with no back with no back reaction to minimize reaction to minimize

release of Hgrelease of Hg00

Simplified chemistry for illustration Simplified chemistry for illustration

purposes onlypurposes only

•• Helpful for Hg control and used for Helpful for Hg control and used for

HgCEM performance checksHgCEM performance checks

�� BiBi--directional reaction affected by directional reaction affected by

•• TemperatureTemperature

•• Catalytic surface reactionsCatalytic surface reactions

•• Gas and particle matrixGas and particle matrix

HgHg00 ++ BrBr2 2 HgHgBrBr22

Tekran 3300Xi HgCEM Converter Flue Gas Tekran 3300Xi HgCEM Converter Flue Gas

Converter/Conditioner (patented)Converter/Conditioner (patented)

�� Proprietary thermal converter Proprietary thermal converter

material set at 700 degrees Cmaterial set at 700 degrees C

�� DI water injected into tail of DI water injected into tail of

thermal converter to “fix” Hgthermal converter to “fix” Hg00

from potential back reactions and from potential back reactions and

www.tekran.com

from potential back reactions and from potential back reactions and

eliminate interferenceseliminate interferences

�� Gas is rapidly chilled, water Gas is rapidly chilled, water

condenses and removes reactive condenses and removes reactive

compoundscompounds

TRANSPORT: HgCEM design to minimize TRANSPORT: HgCEM design to minimize

transport reactions and lossestransport reactions and losses

�� 30:1 dilution with dry zero air (can be higher)30:1 dilution with dry zero air (can be higher)

�� Filter element and related surfaces made with inert coatings and frequent Filter element and related surfaces made with inert coatings and frequent

system blowbacks (hourly)system blowbacks (hourly)

�� For umbilical lines, must use fluoropolymer tubing (PFA, FEP), heat to 180˚ For umbilical lines, must use fluoropolymer tubing (PFA, FEP), heat to 180˚

C, no cold spotsC, no cold spots

www.tekran.com

C, no cold spotsC, no cold spots

�� Thermal converter catalyst material is robust and surface chemistry has Thermal converter catalyst material is robust and surface chemistry has

been characterized and is knownbeen characterized and is known

�� Inject fresh DI water after the thermal converter and rapidly drop the Inject fresh DI water after the thermal converter and rapidly drop the

temperature, to chemically “fix” Hgtemperature, to chemically “fix” Hg00 and prevent Hg(II) reand prevent Hg(II) re--formation by formation by

back reactions with reactive halogens or other compounds (Tekran only)back reactions with reactive halogens or other compounds (Tekran only)

•• In effect, a mini wetIn effect, a mini wet--scrubber with chilled coalescing filterscrubber with chilled coalescing filter

MERCURY CONTROL RESEARCH, MERCURY CONTROL RESEARCH,

EQUIPMENT AND EXAMPLE RESULTS EQUIPMENT AND EXAMPLE RESULTS

www.tekran.com

Tekran 3300RS (Research Systems)Tekran 3300RS (Research Systems)

3300RS3300RS--Dual ProbeDual Probe 3300RS Upstream Injection3300RS Upstream Injection

www.tekran.com

Schematic Schematic of of Johnson Matthey Johnson Matthey

Catalyst Testing Equipment Catalyst Testing Equipment

Simulated Power

Plant Exhaust gas

www.tekran.com

Heated Reactor

with catalyst

Tekran

3300RS Dual

Port system

analysis

Reactor Outlet Slide courtesy of Michael Nash Slide courtesy of Michael Nash

at Johnson Mattheyat Johnson Matthey

Johnson Matthey 3300RS Johnson Matthey 3300RS Dual Port Dual Port

System and Test Rig ConfigurationSystem and Test Rig Configuration

www.tekran.com

Slide courtesy of Michael Nash Slide courtesy of Michael Nash

Example Example data data from Johnson Mattheyfrom Johnson MattheyConversion of HgConversion of Hg00 to Hgto Hg2+2+ across a catalystacross a catalyst

Online measurement of Online measurement of

flue gas components flue gas components

during simulated power during simulated power

plant conditions. plant conditions.

Condition 1: a low Condition 1: a low

halogen bituminous halogen bituminous

condition condition

www.tekran.com

condition condition

Condition 2: a high Condition 2: a high

halogen bituminous halogen bituminous

condition condition

Slide courtesy of Michael Nash Slide courtesy of Michael Nash

Mercury Research Configuration at Mercury Research Configuration at

Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai Jiaotong University

www.tekran.com

Reactor and sorbent performance Reactor and sorbent performance

evaluation with controlled Hg source evaluation with controlled Hg source

and Tekran 3300RS Unitand Tekran 3300RS UnitSlide courtesy of Professor Yan Slide courtesy of Professor Yan

NaiQiang at Shanghai Jiaotong NaiQiang at Shanghai Jiaotong

UniversityUniversity

�� Conversion of HgConversion of Hg00

to Hgto Hg2+2+

�� Good mass balance Good mass balance

Example Mercury Research Results fromExample Mercury Research Results from

Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai Jiaotong University

www.tekran.com

�� Good mass balance Good mass balance

�� Good recovery to Good recovery to

zero Hg zero Hg –– no no

memory effect memory effect

Slide courtesy of Professor Yan NaiQiang at Shanghai Slide courtesy of Professor Yan NaiQiang at Shanghai

Jiaotong UniversityJiaotong University

U. of NingboU. of Ningbo--Nottingham Hg Control Nottingham Hg Control

Technology Configuration with 3300Technology Configuration with 3300--RSRS

www.tekran.com

Slide courtesy of Dr. Tao Slide courtesy of Dr. Tao

Wu’s Research Lab at the Wu’s Research Lab at the

U. of NingboU. of Ningbo--NottinghamNottingham

� Mainly used for parametric

studies of both fresh and

deactivated catalyst

� The reactor is a fully

automated and continuous

system capable of injecting

a wide variety of gaseous

Cormetech MicroCormetech Micro--Reactor Schematic Reactor Schematic

www.tekran.com

a wide variety of gaseous

and aqueous species

� Capable of measuring

DeNOx, SO2 oxidation,

and Hg0 oxidation over a

single layer

Slide courtesy of CormetechSlide courtesy of Cormetech

�� This Tekran 3300RS was This Tekran 3300RS was

designed to provide known designed to provide known

upstream input of upstream input of HgHg00 and and

HgHg2+2+ using a custom using a custom

injection moduleinjection module

Cormetech Reactor & Tekran 3300RS UnitCormetech Reactor & Tekran 3300RS Unit

www.tekran.com

injection moduleinjection module

�� Installed in a vented Installed in a vented

enclosureenclosure

2222Slide courtesy of CormetechSlide courtesy of Cormetech

�� Reactor is fully automated, Reactor is fully automated,

using preusing pre--defined testing defined testing

sequence and stability sequence and stability

criteriacriteria

�� Automated allows many Automated allows many

factors to be testedfactors to be tested

Cormetech Example of an HgCormetech Example of an Hg00 Trend Trend

for a Continuous Hg Testfor a Continuous Hg Test

www.tekran.com

factors to be testedfactors to be tested

�� Factors affecting HgFactors affecting Hg00

oxidation are temperature, oxidation are temperature,

AV, and HgAV, and Hg00, NH, NH33, SO, SO22, CO, , CO,

HCl, and HBr HCl, and HBr

concentrationsconcentrations

Slide courtesy of CormetechSlide courtesy of Cormetech

�� Full Speed Ahead for USA Hg Emission Regulations after long Full Speed Ahead for USA Hg Emission Regulations after long

run of HgCEM equipment performance trialsrun of HgCEM equipment performance trials

�� For research and monitoring, the HgCEM design must deal For research and monitoring, the HgCEM design must deal

with the flue gas with the flue gas matrixmatrix, Hg, Hg2+2+to Hgto Hg00 conversionconversion and and transporttransport

challenges in order to get accurate resultschallenges in order to get accurate results

ConclusionsConclusions

www.tekran.com

challenges in order to get accurate resultschallenges in order to get accurate results

�� In the mercury control research laboratory, there are now In the mercury control research laboratory, there are now

custom HgCEM units to help develop and commercialize custom HgCEM units to help develop and commercialize

control technologycontrol technology

mercury mercury control technology development in the ... eric prestbo.pdf · mercury mercury...

Documents

risk/health and safety control of mercury

performance and costs of mercury control technology for...

white paper: conducting a successful mercury control

mercury technology teams

mercury control with fabric...

mercury control for mwcs using the sodium tetrasulfide ·...

statewide mercury policy control program for mercury in...

mercury control technology r&d program review...

mercury control technology r&d program review

the emerging market for mercury control

draft technology for controlling mercury … technology for...

final report mercury in the environment and patterns of...

18 - engine control cables · omc type control cable - pre...

large-scale mercury control technology testing for …...

mercury commander side mount control

radio remote control - akerstroms bjorbo - remotus...

step mercury removal technology demonstration project

full-scale testing of enhanced mercury control ......

mercury and pcbs control measures implementation...

handheld xrf technology determines surface mercury...