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M.Mallikarjuna Rao -200601212
V.Harish Vyas- 200601191
Presentation Outline
Introduction What ZigBee is?
What ZigBee does?
The Zigbee layered Model The physical layer
The MAC layer
Packet Structure PHY frame
Data Frame
Applications Health Care
Home Automation
Wireless Communications
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
X-bee
UWB
Zig-Bee
What is Zigbee Technology?
Wireless protocol for Personal Area
Networking.
Designed for applications that require
Low Cost
Low to moderate data rates
Low Power Consumption
Moderate Range Security and reliability
What is Zigbee Technology?
Designed for applications that require
Flexible and dynamic network topologies like
Star , cluster tree and mesh network
Zigbee Frequencies
Operates in Unlicensed Bands
ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
868 MHz European Band at 20kbps
915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps
Zigbee Feature Set
Ad‐hoc self forming networks
Star , cluster tree and mesh network
Logical Device Types
Coordinator, Router and End Device
Security
Symmetric Key with AES‐128
Authentication and Encryption at MAC, NWK and
Application levels
Master Keys, Network Keys and Link Keys
Star Network
Mesh Network
Cluster Network
Network devices
Coordinator
It is the starting point of the network.
It allows other devices to connect to it.
It provides binding and address-table services.
It saves messages until they can be delivered.
It is a “Full functional device” – FFD.
It is powered.
Network devices
Router
It routes messages.
It does not a start a network.
It scans network to join.
They are given a block of address to assign.
It is a Full function device –FFD.
Powered or battery depends on topology.
Network devices
End device
It does not a start a network.
It scans network to join.
It can be full function device or reduced function
device.
Battery.
Gateway
Bridge between a ZigBee network and another
network
ZigBee Address Architecture
Addressing
Every device has a unique 64 bit MAC address
Upon association, every device receives a unique
16 bit network address
Only the 16 bit network address is used to route
packets within the network
Devices retain their 16 bit address if they
disconnect from the network, however, if they
LEAVE the network, the 16 bit address is re‐assig
ned
ZigBee Address Architecture
Node Addressing
ZigBee Address Architecture
Endpoint Addressing
To control lamp 1,2,3 by Switch 1
ZigBee provides another level of sub-addressing
An endpoint number is used to identify individual
switches and lamps.
Endpoint Number range 1-240.
Endpoint 0 is reserved for device management
and is used to address the descriptors in the node
Zigbee Layered Model
PHYSICAL LAYER
It is responsible for wireless
transmission and reception of MAC
frames.
It performs the following functions
Energy detection, clear channel
assessment, channel selection, data
modulation and the transmission and
reception of bits onto the physical
medium.
MAC LAYER
Through this layer one can gain access
to channels present in the network.
This layer makes it possible for several
stations connected to the same physical
medium to share it.
MAC LAYER
Security Services
Access Control
Data Encryption
Frame Integrity
Sequential Freshness
NETWORK LAYER
Features
Network Scan
Creating/Joining a PAN
Device Discovery
Service Discovery
Binding
Data Transfer Model
Device to Coordinator
In a beacon‐enable network,
device finds the beacon to
synchronize
Uses slotted CSMA/CA to
transmit data
Data Transfer Model
Device to Coordinator
In a non beacon‐enable
network, device transmits
its using unslotted
CSMA/CA.
Data Transfer Model
Coordinator to Device
In a beacon‐enable network, the coordinator indicates in the
beacon that the data is pending .
Device periodically listens to the beacon and transmits a M
AC command request using slotted CSMA/CA if necessary.
Data Transfer Model
Coordinator to Device
In a non‐beacon‐enable network, a device transmits
a MAC command request using unslotted
CSMA/CA.
If the coordinator has its pending data, the coordinat
or transmits data frame using unslotted CSMA/CA.
Otherwise, coordinator transmits a data frame with
zero length payload.
PHY frame structure
PHY packet fields
Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization
Start of packet delimiter (8 bits) –it
is formatted as “11100101”
PHY header (8 bits) –PSDU length
PSDU (0 to 127 bytes) –data field
Data Frame Format
Provides up to 104 byte data payload capacity
Data sequence numbering ensures that packets
are tracked
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) validates error-free
data
Acknowledgment Frame Format
It provides active feedback from receiver
to sender that packet was received without
error.
How Does ZigBee Compare?
Target Applications
Wireless sensor networks
Remote monitoring
Wireless alarms and security systems
Home/building automation
Health, sport and entertainment
equipment
Health Care
Home Automation
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee_specification
http://www.ZigBee.org
http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresent
ations
http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS
_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_an
d_zigbee.ppt
Thank You
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