moreton in marsh 9 may 2005
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Moreton in Marsh
9 May 2005
Authors : Edoardo Cavalieri d’Oro, Sonia Noci, Gilberto Giunti, Fabrizio Priori, Davide Fratantonio, Ilaria Scifoni, , Rosario Caccavo, Roberto Paoletti, Alessandro Giribaldi.
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Presented by Edoardo Cavalieri d’Oro
Institutional Tasks of the Italian National Fire Brigade
• Technical Rescue prescribed by law 469/1961, including dangerous situations caused by the use of nuclear energy
• Civil Defence, prescribed by D.Lgs. 300/1999
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
SINCE 1961 we operated with conventional scenarios on chemical and petrolchemical plants (i.e. Seveso)
At the BEGINNING we were operating with few specialized units (Milan,Venice, Rome..)
..but NOW we need to apply this knowledge and experience to non-conventional scenarios
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo NazionaleInstitutional Tasks of the
Italian National Fire Brigade
Regulation 6, May 2002Focused on the need to improve the
capabilities of CNVVF toward non-conventional scenarios:
Organization
Procedures & Education
Personal Protections & Equipments
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Organization - Goals Regulation 6 focuses on two different
goals
Territorial Coverage
HighlySpecialized Staff
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Organization - Skills
The Italian VF response to non conventional threaths is based upon the following classifications:
• Four different skill levels• Three different operational levels
Operational Level Skill Level
Regional Nucleus Level 3 (Operational/Management)
Provincial Expertise Level 2
Base Team Team Chief Level 0-1
Operators Level 0-1
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Organization – Levels 0,1
Level 0 & level 1 skills:• First Operations at the Scenario• Risks Acknowledgement• Zoning• P.O.S. (Standardized Operational
Procedures..)• Use of Individual Protective Systems
and Equipments
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Organization – Level 2 Level 2 skills:
• Analisys of the Capability to Operate in Complex Scenarios
• Adequate use of all Equipments
• Reporting and Documentation
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Organization – Level 3
Level 3 skills:
• Operational: Acting in complex scenarios by means of personal Protective System & Technical Equipments
• Management: Coordination & Cooperation with the Police and the Emergency Rescue
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
The Current NBCR Response Accounts of…
• More than 20 non-conventionalexercises per year
• 6 non-conventional international exercises• All operators skilled at least with level 0• Equipments & Personal Protection
Systems available at every fire station
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Firefighters’ Operations in NBCR Accidents
RISK EVALUATIONRISK EVALUATION
THE CHOICE OFTHE CHOICE OF
1) REFERENCE SCENARIOS1) REFERENCE SCENARIOS
2) REFERENCE EVENTS2) REFERENCE EVENTS
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
1) Reference Scenario:
1.1. Recovery without dispersionRecovery without dispersion2.2. Dispersion in confined zoneDispersion in confined zone3. Environmental contamination3. Environmental contamination
2) Reference Events:
A.A. Release without fire or explosionRelease without fire or explosionB. B. Release with fire or explosionRelease with fire or explosionC. C. Recovery of dangerous substances Recovery of dangerous substances without without
(or with remote) risk of release (or with remote) risk of release
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Scenarios Evaluation Table
1° 2° 3° 1° 2° 3° 1° 2° 3°
ConfinedUnconfined
ConfinedUnconfined
C. Recovery of dangerous substance without risk of release
1° scenario : recovery without release;2° scenario : confined release;3° scenario : ambiental contamination.
B. Release with fireor explosion
A. Release withoutfire or explosion
Scenario
Chemical BiologicalNuclear/ Radiologic
Event
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
The Procedural Model
The EIGHT STEPS ModelThe EIGHT STEPS Model
Intervention Tecniques
ZONING and DPIsZONING and DPIs
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
The EIGHT STEPS Model
11 – Site Control – Site Control22 – Substance Identification – Substance Identification33 – Dangers and Risk Analysis – Dangers and Risk Analysis44 – Evaluations of the Instruments and DPI – Evaluations of the Instruments and DPI55 – Coordination of Information and Resources – Coordination of Information and Resources66 – Control and Containment of the Substance – Control and Containment of the Substance77 – Decontamination – Decontamination 88 – End of the Intervention – End of the Intervention
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
- Waiting Area for Authorities, Media..
- Nobody (forbidden area)
-Command Unit- Firefighters with ordinary protection - Health workers with ordinary protection
- Decontamination- Firefighters with NBC protection- Health workers with NBC protection
- Only HAZMAT team Full protection
WIN
D
Command Unit
- Not Dangerous- Operating
- Potentially Dangerous - Operating
- Dangerous- Operating
- Dangerous- Not Operating (Not Accessible)
- Not Dangerous - Not Operating
DECON
ZONING – Areas of Intervention
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
DPIs and ZonesVigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Protective suits YELLOW ZONE
Protective suits ORANGE ZONE
Protective suitsRED ZONE
NBCR Protective Clothing
SUITS
NBCR Machines and Instrumentations
DETECTORS
SPECIAL VEHICLES
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
SuitsVigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
•The protective suit type 3•The protective suit type 1a-ET
VOC Detector - Volatile Organic Compound
Command Unit Vehicle
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo NazionaleDetectors and Vehicles
NBCR Activity: Some Pratical Examples
• 3 Simulated Exercises• 1 Concrete Example
• We here report 1 Simulated Exercise complete of analysis of the events: The so called Termini 2004 Exercise
Exercise S. Giorgio 2004 Exercise S. Giorgio 2004 Subway StationSubway Station
Scenario: Bacteriological Attack
Subway station:• Station: -12.80 m• First floor: -8.81 m.
30 people involved
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Red Zone 2004Red Zone 2004 Civil Defence Exercise Civil Defence Exercise
Scenario: A small explosion followed by smoke release. The smoke expands rapidly within the ground of a sport center where two teams are playing volleyball.
Location: Modena, “Palazzo dello Sport”
Civilians involved: 14 players fell to the floor, some of them fainted
The managers of the two teams alert immediately the health service: “118”…
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Mall Auchan Olbia 2004: Mall Auchan Olbia 2004: a True Experiencea True Experience
14:40: ten people within a mall start coughing and having problems with their throats
14:45: The team arrives and in three minutes realizes a toxic agent could be in the pipes of conditioning system
All the information available are sent to the Control Room that is going to communicate the event to the provincial NBCR Regional Nucleus, to the Officer in charge and to the Commandant…
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
The Exercise Termini 2004: The Exercise Termini 2004: Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
The Simulated Scenario
Attack with nerve agents in a mall located in the
basement of the Station
Termini is a railway and underground station
located in the middle of Rome
The Location
People involved in the ExerciseVigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
• 250 People contaminated or casualties• whose 20 contaminated and unable to walk The Resources we made use of:
• 90 Firefighters divided into:• 24 operators wearing the protective suit type 3• 12 operators wearing the protective suit type 1a-ET
• 34 Vehicles
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Hazmat Detection & Confinement 1 C.Sq. 2 Operators
Hazmat Rescue 1 C.Sq. 5 Operators
Secondary Technical Decontamin. 1 C.Sq. 5 Operators
Primary Technical Decontamination 2 C.Sq. 7 Operators
Mass Decontamin. with Shelter 1 C.R. 8 Operators
Mass Decontamin.with Pneum Tent 1 C.R. 9 Operators
Logistic for hazmat operations 1 C.R. 4 Operators
Logistic and Support 1 C. Sq. 3 Operators
Command and Control 1 Comm.nt 2 Eng. 1C.R.
Mobile Control Center 1 C.R. 2 Operators
Telecommunication Laboratory 1 C.R. 3 Operators
VF Resources by Functions
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
BUS
RED ZONE
DECONTAMIN.STRETCHER
LOGISTIC AREAMASS DECONTAMINATION
on SHELTER
TECHNICAL DECONTAMINATION
PRE DECONTAMINAT.
AREA
MASS DECONTAMINATION
WITH TENTS
Station’s Zoning
COMMAND & CONTROLCENTER
ORANGE ZONE
YELLOWZONE
Technical coordination
Stretcher
Tents
Shelter
Logisticcoordination
Termini 24.03.2004 ; 1:30Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Command Center
Tasks - SchemeVigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Coordination and Command Area
Logistic and Support
Mass Decontaminat.
Technical Decontaminat.
Logistic NBCR
operations
Primary
Secondary
Tents for stretchers
Pneumatic Tents
Shelter
NBCR Operations in Red Zone
Technical Primary Decontamination
Emergency Showers
• Installation Time: 10 minutes• N° Operators: 2-3• Decontamination Rate : 30 - 40
person/hour
Secondary Decontamination
Shelter
Installation Time: 20 minN° Operators: 3Decontamination Rate: 20 pers/h
Secondary DecontaminationTent for mass decontamination
Installation Time : 45 minN° Operators: 10Dec. Rate: 40-50 person/h
“Self-inflatable” Pneumatic SystemThe system can be installed by means of an electric pump or oxygen bottle.
C
B
AA – Undressing AreaB – Shower AreaC – Dressing Area
3D Inside View of the Decontamination Station Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
A note about the equipment: used for people unable to walk
Some of the stretchers had been modified by installing wells and big handles in order to use it by means of a single operator
A. Stretchers
A note about the equipment: used for people unable to walk
B. Shower for Stretcher
Installation Time: 10 minN° Operators: 2
A note about the equipment: used for people unable to walk
Useful to carry on two casualties in case of long path. It has also been used to transport materials or as an anchorage for the “recovery system for escalators”
Installation Time: 5 min
C. Power Truck
Analysis of the Exercise
Kit NBCR installed on the APS (fire truck vehicle) (Circ. 6/2002)There are some issues related to their collocation aboard :• Absence of dedicated slots aboard • Storage methods for suits (within boxes that are going to be exposed to the ray
lights? DuPont is actually conducting some aging tests in order to verify possible damages to suits and equipments)
• Storage Methods for the equipment (The breathing apparatus is suggested to be stored within the range 15-30 °C)
Suits type 4 (Circ. 6/2002)• It would be necessary (Circ. 6/2002) to use this suit together with the
suit 1a ET (There are more disadvantages than benefits).• Suits in “sontara” are going to solve the experienced difficulties
Zoning, Cooperation with other aiders, communicationsVigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
Sticker Detector (Circ. 6/2002)The current equipment isn’t useful because stickers showed a low
adherence over time. We ordered a set of new generation stickers whose properties can be summarized as it follows:
• Increased in Size• Improved sticking properties• An higher sensibility in terms of number of different agents
detectable • Similar detectors but for the biological risk detection are also
available in the marketplace
Vest and Saline Integrators• A comfortable and useful option is given by the vest with
pockets that can be worn under the suit 1a ET This solution allows to keep useful tools within reach : radio, demister, lights, saline integrators, etc.
• In order to increase the operators efficiency it has been tested that saline integrators can be assumed during operations. The operators wearing the 1a ET suits did not face problems by assuming integrators inside the suit.
Analysis of the Exercise
Summary of the NBCR ActivitiesCommon Problems:Recognition of the NBCR scenario faced by the operatorsThe first call to the health service: better procedures are requiredFirst incoming VV.F. team is often inadequately protected: better
descriptions of the possible scenarios are required
The operators suffer of a physical ad psychological stress It is needed to:• Substitute operators during the intervention• Saline integrators,• Comfortable suits that are going to allow movements and that are
going to access work tools.
Organization and zoning!
Things that always worked:
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
MoreTon in Marsh May 2005
(THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE!)
Vigili del Fuoco
Corpo Nazionale
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