motivation and theries of motivation

Motivation

What is Motivation?

• Motivation:

Factors that energize the behavior of human

and

other species in the world.

Example: “escape can be a strong motivation

for travel.”

Motivation Process

Positive and Negative Motivation

Positive Motivation

• Positive motivation is the

type of motivation a

person feels when he

expects a certain reward.

Negative Motivation

• Negative motivation is the

type of feeling a person

gets when he expects

punishment.

The difference between positive and negative motivation

• Both positive and negative motivation could lead to the

same result however on the long run the overuse of

negative motivation may result in problems like hating

the person who uses it against you.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic

• Intrinsic Motivation occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity in order to earn a reward or avoid a punishment.

Extrinsic

• Extrinsic Motivation occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity in order to earn a reward or avoid a punishment.

Intrinsic Behavior

• Participating in a sport because you find the

activity enjoyable• Solving a word puzzle because you find the

challenge fun and interesting• Playing a game because you find it exciting

Extrinsic Behavior

• Studying because you want to get a good grade

• Participating in a sport in order to win awards• Competing in a contest in order to win a

scholarship

Motivational Theories

• Our Behavior is Motivated by Instincts.

• Expectancy Theory: that an individual will decide to

behave or act in a certain way because they are

motivated to select a specific behavior over other

behaviors due to what they expect the result of that

selected behavior.

Motivational Theories

• Drive Reduction theory:

When human body lack some basic

biological need such as Water, a drivve to

obtain that need is produced.

Maslow’s Need Theory

Goal Setting Theory

• Intentions to work toward goal are a major source of

work motivation.

• Goals tell an employee ,what needs to be done and,

• How much effort will need to be expended.

McClelland's Theory of Need

• A person's behavior and performance at work is strongly

influenced by the most meaningful of the three needs.

• Achievement

• Power

• Affiliation

• Achievement: Achievers seek neither power nor approval; rather,

their only focus is on success. Achievers prefer work that has a

moderate chance for success (about 50/50) and tend to avoid

situations that are low-risk and those that are high-risk.

• Power: Power-seekers who are after personal power have a

strong desire to control others or cause them to behave in a way

that is consistent with the power-seeker's wishes.

• Affiliation: Affiliation seekers are more interested in approval

rather than recognition or power. They also tend to

avoid conflict with others at all cost. Affiliation seekers

are more likely to work in groups happily and fulfill all

norms of the group.

Demotivating factors

• Micromanagement

• Lack of progress• Job insecurity• No confidence in company leadership• Lack of recourse for poor performance

• Poor communication

• Unpleasant coworkers• Boredom

Benefits of Motivation

• Increase ones self confidence

• Increase efficiency and productivity of work

• Energize the behavior

• Increase tolerance level

• Helps to built strong relationships

• Perform tasks on Time