mrs. loewen’s theme class. physical properties- those properties that can be observed without...
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PHYSICAL SCIENCEMrs. Loewen’s Theme Class
Properties of Matter
Physical Properties- those properties that can be observed without changing the make-up or identity of the matter. Malleable- able to be pounded into a thin
sheet Electrical Conductivity- allows electricity to
travel through Density Boiling point Melting point Solubility
Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties- describe matter based on its ability to change into a new kind of matter with different properties Flammability- capable of burning in the
presence of oxygen Rusting- when iron reacts with oxygen to
produce iron oxide Reactivity- reacts to acid or water
Heat vs. Temperature
Heat and Temperature are NOT the same thing.
Heat is the amount of thermal energy in the object
Temperature is the measure of how rapidly molecules are moving.
We can think of it like this, which container, the tub or the cup would melt a large ice cube faster?
States of Matter
Put two inches of water in a soda bottle. Break up one seltzer tablet and put the pieces in the balloon.
Carefully fit the balloon over the neck of the bottle so none of the seltzer pieces goes into the bottle.
What states of matter are in this system?
Alka-Seltzer and Balloons
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Solid Liquid GasMelting Point
Freezing
Vaporization/ Boiling Point
Condensation
Review Questions
When water freezes does it produce any heat? Yes, as water freezes it releases heat into the
air around it. Why do citrus farmers spray water on
their crops the evening before it is going to freeze? As the water freezes it releases heat that
keeps the fruit from freezing.
Alka-Seltzer Rockets
Parts of an Atom
Electrons: negatively charged particle on the outside of
the nucleus. Protons:
positively charged particles in the nucleus Neutron:
particles with no charge in the nucleus Nucleus:
center of the atom
Velocity
Velocity = distance / time v=d/t
Example: miles per hour. Miles is the distance, and hour is the time.
t
d
v
Mass and Weight
Mass- is the amount of matter in an object
Weight- the gravitational pull of on an object
Concept 1 - Newton’s First Law of Motion
What happens to the card and the coin if I flick the card off the cup?
To what object did I apply a force?
Concept 1 - Newton’s First Law of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion – “an object at rest will remain at rest unless
a force acts on it.”
Also, “an object in motion will remain in motion unless a force acts on it.”
Concept 2 - Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Take a straw, ping-pong ball, and golf ball.
Blow on the ping-pong ball with the SAME force each time. Measure the distance and find the average. Repeat 3 times.
Do the same with the golf ball. Repeat with a GREATER force.
Concept 2 - Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Mass = Force x Acceleration
Concept 3 - Newton’s Third Law of Motion
With two rolling chairs or scooters, have two students who weigh about the same sit on them. Have student 1 push off of student 2.
Who is going to move further, the student pushing (1) or the student pushed (2)?
Will the distance the students travel change depending on who pushes?
Concept 3 - Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
“For every force, there is an equal and opposite force.”
Marshmallow Launch
Identifying Simple Machines
Lever Parts: Fulcrum -point from which your lever
rotated. Load. Does anyone know what the
load was? Effort force: force applied to the lever
to move the load. Where did the effort force come from?
Identify Simple Machines
Name a type of simple machine and give a definition: Levers are stiff bars that rotate around a fulcrum to
move objects. Pulleys use a wheel and a rope to raise and lower
loads. Wedges have slanted sides that cut materials apart. Inclined planes are a slanting slope that connects a
higher and lower point. Screw is an inclined plane that is set in a circular
pattern. Wheel and axis is a wheel with a rod going through
it. That wheel rotates around the rod/axis to move a load.
Types of Energy
What type of energy do each of these objects represent?
Concept 3: Energy is Always Conserved
Scientists measure energy all the time. Scientist have found that anytime energy
transfers, no energy is lost. If you were able to measure the air
around the bouncy ball or the marbles, you would notice that heat was being released.
Energy Conversion Game
Review
When you coast down the hill on your bike, you travel for a distance and then eventually slow down. Is energy being destroyed? No, energy is being transferred to sound and
heat energy.
Light Energy
We see objects because they reflect or produce light.
White light is made of many colors. An object’s color is determined by the
color of light that is reflected by the object.
Conduction
If I have metal tongs in a pot of boiling water, what happens to the handles?
Conduction
Conduction is the process of heat transfer through the collision of particles.
The objects being heated are in contact with one another and don’t move from one place to another.
Can you think of any examples of materials that get hot very quickly?
Convection
Have you ever swam in a lake or outdoor swimming pool in the summer?
Where is the water the warmest? Where is it the coolest?
Why?
Radiation
What do you suppose these people are doing?
How do you know this?
What do you think those waves coming off the fire represent?
Do all hot objects sent off heat waves?
Radiation
This heat traveled to your body in heat waves.
Radiation occurs without the movement of particles and sometimes across empty space.
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