mscict ns&i telecom networking
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2.- Telecom Networking
ramon.palacio@gmail.com October 2014
Barcelona School of ManagementMaster of Science in IT Strategic Management – MSCIT
Networking Services & Infrastructures
Network Infrastructures and Internet Technologies overview Index
Networks types Map of networks Network backbones: Ethernet, ATM, IP Network access: Adsl, Wifi, Fttx Networks for mobility: Gsm & gprs, Umts & Edge,
LTE Networks for sensors: Zigbee, 6lowpan
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresNetwork ranges
LAN Local Area Network MAN Metropolitan AN WAN Wide AN PAN Personal AN VLAN Virtual LAN
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresNetwork topologies
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresNetwork functions Access…. Switching,….Transport…..Management
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresNetwork types
POTS, Plain Old Telephone Service: full duplex, circuit switched, cupper pair access
TV Broadcast: simplex, radio / cable / IP based, high power stations
Internet: Data and multimedia, full duplex, ATM core, IP protocols on top, fixed and mobile access
Mobile Communications: Full duplex, telephony and data, full duplex, low power stations
Internet of Things – IoTh- or Machine to Machine - M2M- for sensors & devices
New Generation Nets to substitute POTS.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresTV Broadcast Networks
Contribution
Distribution
Broadcast
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresTV Broadcast Nets
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresDTT – Digital Terrestrial TV Net
Analog “classical” Net
Digital Production
Digital Contribution
Digital Distribution
Analog Broadcast to users
Digital TV (both satellite & terrestrial)
Digital Production
Digital Contribution
Digital Distribution
Digital Broadcast to users
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresDTT – Digital Terrestrial TV Net
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresDTT – Digital Terrestrial TV Advantages & disadvantages
Advantages
More quality in broadcast
Flexibility in using Bandwidth
4 times more efficient in broadcast
Evolution to High Definition and 3 D TV
Disadvantages (real world)
Need for a new network
Need to have more quality productions
Time to synchronize channels at receiver
Perception of quality
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresCable Broadcast Net
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIP TV Broadcast Net
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM Network - core network
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU (formerly CCITT) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals.
ATM was designed for a network that must handle both high-throughput data traffic and real-time, low-latency content such as voice and video
ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints. These virtual circuits may be “permanent”, or “switched”
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM Cells
ATM is a connection-orientated technique that uses cells of 53 bytes as the transmission unit
ATM provides cell sequence integrity Cells are much smaller than standard packet-switched
networks The quality of transmission links has lead to the
omission of overheads There is no space between cells
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM Virtual path & virtual circuits
Virtual path is a rigid partition of the transmission circuit bandwidth
Virtual channel is a dynamic allocation of the virtual path bandwidth
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM Virtual path & virtual circuits switching
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM cells in virtual path & virtual circuits
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM The (switched) virtual circuit operation
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresThe ATM cell, user to network, network to network
GFC = Generic Flow Control (4 bits) (default: 4-zero bits) VPI = Virtual Path Identifier (8 bits UNI, or 12 bits NNI) VCI = Virtual Channel identifier (16 bits) PT = Payload Type (3 bits) CLP = Cell Loss Priority (1-bit) HEC = Header Error Control (8-bit CRC, polynomial = X8 + X2 + X + 1)
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM Adaptation layers
The physical layer describes details like the electrical characteristics of the physical connection, the transmission techniques used, and the setup, maintenance and clearing of physical connections.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresATM & OSI Layers
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresThe IP Network – access & metro network
The Internet protocol suite is the computer networking model and communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks.
It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because its most important protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), were the first networking protocols defined in this standard.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIP Network
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIPv4 Header
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIP stack
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresTCP Header – Virtual circuit
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresUDP Header - Datagram
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIP Network transmission
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIP Stack (detailed)
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIPv4 vs. IPv6 Headers
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet – access & metro network
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area (LAN) and larger networks.
It was commercially introduced in 1980 while it was first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, and has since been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet transmission CDMA-CD
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet topologies
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet LLC & MAC
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresIEEE 802 networks
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet frame
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEncapsulation
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet evolution
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet evolution & Moore’s Law
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl – access network
xDSL – Digital Subscriber Line- is a set of different techniques to carry data on copper pair cables
The most known are HDSL (High Speed DSL), SDSL (Synchronous DSL), and the adsl (Asymmetric DSL) family
adsl family shares band with voice telephone
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11172000-16550058/unrestricted/kphanse_thesis.pdf
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl access to core network
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl spectrum
4 25,875 138 1104 KHz
PSTN DownstreamUpstream
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl sub-carriers
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl 2+
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl – Discrete Multitone Modulation
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl family
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresadsl standards
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresWi-Fi – access network
Wi-Fi, also spelled Wifi or WiFi, is a local area wireless technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet using 2.4 GHz UHF and 5 GHz SHF radio waves.
The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards".
However, since most modern WLANs are based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general as a synonym for "WLAN".
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresEthernet & WiFi frame formats
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresWi-Fi at user premises
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresWi-Fi outdoor. Multi-access points
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresBarcelona free wifi
MSCIT – NetworkingServices & InfrastructuresNYC free wifi
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresWiFi Standards
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresfttx access network (node, curb, building, home)
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresfttx dimensions
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresfttx + xdsl
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresactive & passive fttx
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresfttx- Active ring - GigaEthernet
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructuresfttx – GPON (passive)
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresGSM – mobile network
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones.
This was expanded over time to include data communications by packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution).
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresGSM characteristics
Digital, Cellular, with BTS – Base Transmission
Stations- Circuit-switched network optimized for full
duplex voice telephony. Localization with HLR & VLR - Home Local
Register & Visitor Local Register
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresGSM Architecture
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresGSM Spectrum
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructures GPRS – 2.5 G (on top of GSM)
General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on top of GSM
GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
GPRS usage is typically charged based on volume of data transferred, contrasting with circuit switched data, which is usually billed per minute of connection time.
GPRS is a best-effort service, implying variable throughput and latency that depend on the number of other users sharing the service concurrently,
GPRS provides data rates of 56–114 kbit/second by using unused time division multiple access (TDMA) channels
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructures GPRS – 2.5 G
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructures GPRS – 2.5 G
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresUMTS – 3G – mobile network
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks .
UMTS uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators.
UMTS specifies a complete network system, which includes radio access network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Network, or UTRAN),
the core network (Mobile Application Part, or MAP)
and the authentication of users via SIM (subscriber identity module) cards
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresUMTS – 3G
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresLTE Long Term Evolution – 4G – mobile network
LTE is a standard for wireless data communications technology and a development of the GSM/UMTS standards.
The goal of LTE was to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks using new DSP (digital signal processing) techniques and modulations
A further goal was the redesign and simplification of the network architecture to an IP-based system with significantly reduced transfer latency compared to the 3G architecture.
The LTE wireless interface is incompatible with 2G and 3G networks, so that it must be operated on a separate wireless spectrum.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresLTE Long Term Evolution Spectrum
The LTE specification provides downlink peak rates of 300 Mbit/s, uplink peak rates of 75 Mbit/s and QoS provisions permitting a transfer latency of less than 5 ms in the radio access network.
LTE has the ability to manage fast-moving mobiles and supports multi-cast and broadcast streams.
LTE supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz and supports both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time-division duplexing (TDD).
LTE has an IP-based network architecture, called the Evolved Packet Core(EPC)
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructures2G to 4G evolution
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresMobile technologies, from 2.5 G to 4 G
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresOperators and assigned spectrum in Spain
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresBluetooth - PAN
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz from fixed and mobile devices,
Bluetooth serves well in simple applications where two devices need to connect with minimal configuration
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are to some extent complementary in their applications and usage.
Wi-Fi is usually access point-centered, with an asymmetrical client-server connection with all traffic routed through the access point, while Bluetooth is usually symmetrical, between two Bluetooth devices.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresBluetooth master & slave operation
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresZigbee – Internet of Things
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios.
Transmission distances to 10–100 meters line-of-sight, depending on power output and environmental characteristics,
ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through a mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones.
ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s, best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresZigbee characteristics
ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Operates in ISM Unlicensed Bands (Industrial,
Scientific & Medical) 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps 915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps
Low data rate Low power consumption Small packet devices
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresZigbee topologies
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresWireless protocol comparison
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresWireless protocol detailed comparison
MSCIT - Networking Services & Infrastructures6lowpan - IoTh
6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks.
The Internet Protocol could and should be applied even to the smallest devices, and that low-power devices with limited processing capabilities should be able to participate in the Internet of Things.
The 6LoWPAN group has defined encapsulation and header compression mechanisms that allow IPv6 packets to be sent to and received from over IEEE 802.15.4 based networks.
IEEE 802.15.4 devices provide sensing communication-ability in the wireless domain.
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresThe 802 wireless Space
MSCIT - Networking Services & InfrastructuresTelecom Networking
End of Telecom Networking…..
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