muhammad riaz akbar prof. neil hewitt prof. george heaney dr. lay cheng lim
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ZERO CARBON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UK AND POTENTIAL CHALLENGES TO THE CODE FOR
SUSTAINABLE HOMES
MUHAMMAD RIAZ AKBARProf. Neil HewittProf. George HeaneyDr. Lay Cheng Lim
University of Ulster, UK
CONTENTS
• Introduction / Background• Climate Change/Impacts
• Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH)• Challenges to the Code
• Technical• Legal and Regulatory• Economic• Social and Cultural• Delivery Capacity• High rise development
• A Research Approach for Multi-Storey High Density Developments• Research Methodology• Conclusion / Way Forward
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
INTRODUCTION
• CO2 Concentration
• 18% increase in CO2 mean annual concentration, from 315.98 to 372.95 ppmv
• IPCC (2001) “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities”
• UKCIP 2 to 3.5 ºC by the 2080s Rising Temperature
Proportions of Fossil Fuel Use in Developed Economies
Transport25%
Industry25%
Buildings50%
50 per cent of CO2 is originating from buildingsSource: Roaf et al., 2005 and MAX Fordham and Partners (Adapting Buildings & Cities)
Background
• Climate Change
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
The climate of the UK and recent trends, UKCIP, 2009
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
All new homes in England will have to be carbon neutral by 2016
Gordon Brown, 6 December 2006
• UK Policies & Targets• Ten year Plan of the Government
» 25% by 2010 (Code Level 3)» 44 % by 2013(Code Level 4)» Zero Carbon Homes by 2016
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CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES
CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES (Contd.)
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
EcoHomes CSH
CSH FACTORS
1. Energy and CO2 Emissions
2. Water
3. Materials
4. Surface Water Run-off
5. Waste
6. Pollution
7. Heath and Wellbeing
8. Management
9. Ecology
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
CHALLENGES TO CSH
1. Technical Challenges
2. Legal and Regulatory Challenges
3. Economic / Financial Challenges
4. Social / Cultural Challenges
5. Capacity Challenges
Multi-Storey High Density Developments
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
1.Technical• Post Occupational Assessment• Limiting Size & Type of Technologies• Private wires• Origin of Energy Supply• Local Energy Source
2.Legal & Regulatory• Voluntary Nature• Single Policy• Un-Clear Definition
3.Economic & Financial• Increased Cost
•27-43% in the absence of WT4.Social & Cultural• Large glazing areas• MVHR (Sigma House Experience)5.Delivery Capacity• Lack of Skilled HR• Capacity of Existing Professionals• Institutional Capacity and Overlapping of Functions)
Multi-Storey Developments
?
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENTS
• CHALLENGESo Costo Utilisation of enormous resourceso Pressure on infrastructureo Rigid Structural Designo Vertical Transportationo Social, Cultural and Health Issueso Impact on the Surrounding area
• POTENTIALo Lando Costo Location and Accessibilityo Optimum utilisation of infrastructure
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
The National House Building Council (NHBC)
England
Detached Apartments/Flats
1997 44% 15%
2002 15% 32%
(Walker, 2004)
BREEAM Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
EcoHomes EcoHomes
CSH Code for Sustainable Homes (Zero Carbon Homes)
HK-BEAM Hong Kong Building Environment Assessment Method
PHPP Passive House Planning Package
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
GBTool Green Building Tool
CEEQUAL Civil Engineering Environmental Quality & Assessment Award
SPeAR Sustainable Project Appraisal Routine
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT STANDARDS
MOVING TOWARDS MORE SUSTAINABLE MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY ZERO
CARBON DEVELOPMENTS
LiteratureSustainable DevelopmentsLegal & Regulatory FrameworkNational & InternationalCommitmentsEcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP
Sustainability Factors
Best PracticeSustainable Developments
Baseline ModelModel Validation
Through a case study(SQ)
Theoretical Framework
Practical FrameworkTesting/Review
Professional forum
OutcomeSubstantiation
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
MATRIX (Sustainability Factors)
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 - - - REMARKS
# # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # #
OrientationRenewable
TecnologiesMaterials Water Transport Location AF1 AF3- - - #
SR. NOSUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENTS1 BUILDING 12 BUILDING 23 BUILDING 34 BUILDING 45 BUILDING 56 BUILDING 67 BUILDING 78 BUILDING 89 BUILDING 910 BUILDING 10
F1 FactorAF1 Additional Factor
SUB-FACTORS
SUSTAINABILITY STANDARDS
CEEQUALEcoHomesCSH
SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS
PHPPHK-BEAMLEEDGBTOOL
LiteratureSustainable DevelopmentsLegal & Regulatory FrameworkNational & InternationalCommitmentsEcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP
Sustainability Factors
Best PracticeSustainable Developments
Baseline ModelModel Validation
Through a case study(SQ)
Theoretical Framework
Practical FrameworkTesting/Review
Professional forum
OutcomeSubstantiation
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
BASELINE MODEL
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
• CEni forum
• 50 Professional Experts (Developers, Policy maker, Academia, Property Professionals (engineers/architects/planner),
Experts (PHPP/EcoHomes/CSH))
MODEL TESTING / REVIEW
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
LiteratureSustainable DevelopmentsLegal & Regulatory FrameworkNational & InternationalCommitmentsEcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP
Sustainability Factors
Best PracticeSustainable Developments
Baseline ModelModel Validation
Through a case study(SQ)
Theoretical Framework
Practical FrameworkTesting/Review
Professional forum
OutcomeSubstantiation
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
MODEL VALIDATION
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
Primary Data •Teleconference•FGD (Structure Question)•Indepth Interviews
Outcome
Empirical Work
Case Study (SQ)
Primary Data•FGD•Structured interviews •Observations
Secondary Data•Library study•Internet browsing•Design specifications•Reports etc.
Data analysis
Research findings
Validation of baseline model for Code 3
International best practices
Secondary Data•Library study•Internet browsing•Design specifications•Reports etc.
Methodology
Analysis
Baseline Model
SubstantiateModel
Assess against the sustainability factors (CSH/PHPP/LEEDS etc.)Identification of gaps and challengesIdentification of the elements/factors of best practices that can be applied to CSHH in UK
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
CONCLUSION
Summary• Introduction post occupational assessment• Consideration of origin and capacity of private wire for energy supply from
renewable source• Best combination renewable technologies, integration of renewable energy with
the whole system• Introduction of a renewable heat tarrif complimentary to that existing for
renewable electricity and role of feed in tarrifs in general to offset the initial and running costs of renewables
• Definition of Zero Carbon Homes• Introduction of carbon reduction credits at a single dwelling level• Capacity enhancement etc.
• Location • Thermal Mass• Embodied Energy• Impact on the infrastructure and surrounding developments
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CONCLUSION
WAY FORWARD
CSH CSHH
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THANK YOUQuestions/Suggestions
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
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