muslim expansion
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AMDGWorld History 1
Mr. Maguire
The Rightly Guided Caliphs- Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali 632-661
Umayyad Dynasty 661-750Took over after Ali was assassinatedContinuation of conquests, cap. DamascusConstantinople, Tours, revolts, civil war = END
Abbasid Dynasty 750-1258744 Iranian revolt against Umayyad High point of classical Islamic cultureStopped conquests, focused on
culture/economyBaghdad center of intellectual world
Rebellions (local)Political fragmentation Regional cultures from expansion
Invasions (outside)Byzantines- constant warfareTurks- rising power in the regionCrusaders- “holy war” of W. EuropeMongols- pressure from the East
Military society created as a result of invasions, sets up a new era for expansion
OriginsTurkish nomads, raided decaying Byzantines,
Osman most famous warlord Creation of an Empire
Turks sack Constantinople in 1453, largest empire in the world by 1574
The Golden AgeSuleiman the Magnificent, hugely successful leader
Administration and ArmyAdministrative and legal structure, devshirme
system of semi-slavery, creates Janissaries (elite soldiers)
CultureArchitecture, poetry, painting, history, & calligraphy
Origins Chaos led to apocalyptic religious fervor, Shiite
Sufis Shiite Conversion
Iran largely Sunni before this time, nearly all converted, led by Ismail (r. 1501-1524)
The Golden Age of Shah Abbas I (1588-1629) Political/cultural height, Persian culture thrives
Fall of Safavids Series of weak rulers until Nadir Shah, who
defeated the Turks and Mughals, assassinated in 1747
Regional warlords establish the Qajar Dynasty
Persian word for “Mongol” “Gunpowder Empire” Islamic dynasty Babur (1504-1530)
Afghani descendant of Genghis and Timur Noted for scholarship, military, science, and art Conquered N. India through modernization of
army, EX: Battle of Panipat Akbar (1542-1605)
Babur’s grandson Subdued N. India and Afghanistan, centralized
govt. Religiously tolerant, son tutored by a Jesuit! Led a golden age of Indian Islamic culture
In 17th century, Indian Islamic art, architecture, and literature flourish
Islamic Persian culture + indigenous Hindu culture
Jahangir- let Nur Jahan (wife) run the show Shah Jahan- Mughal emperor who built the
Taj Mahal to honor Mumtaz Mahal (wife) Aurangzeb- Tyranny, taxes, and failed
conquests = collapse of Mughal power 18th century- Great Britain sees an opening
for conquering India, ends Mughal reign
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