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NASA’s Ocean Observing Strategy:
An Engineer’s Perspective
Laura Rogers*
Associate, Earth Science Technology OfficeOctober 29, 2019
* This talk draws on inputs from numerous colleagues from NASA HQ.
Current Earth Science Observations
Earth Observations in Action
Marsh Vulnerability in the Plum Island Estuary:
Sediment Supply Quantification
Helping Cities Stay Dry when Sea Levels Rise:Predicting Building Inundation
Image credit: Betty Flowers
Warming Up a Cup of Sunshine:
Informed Solar Wall Placement for Wicked Joe’s Organic Coffee
Image credit: Spark Applied Efficiency
Image credit: NASA DEVELOP
Near-Term Missions
Advanced radar imaging to observe some of
the planet's most complex processes, including
ecosystem disturbances, ice-sheet collapse,
and natural hazards such as
earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes
and landslides (2022)
NASA’s hyperspectral observations of ocean
biology, chemistry and ecology in the Gulf of
Mexico, sections of the south-eastern
US coastline, and the Amazon River
plume. (2026)
PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud Ecosystem)
Measure the distribution of phytoplankton, tiny
plants and algae that sustain the marine food
web. Systematic records of key
atmospheric variables associated
with air quality and climate (2022)
Global determination of the ocean circulation,
kinetic energy and dissipation at high
resolution. Global inventory of
fresh water storage changes, river
discharge and flux (2021)
SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography)
NISAR(NASA ISRO SAR Mission)
GLIMR (Geo-synchronous Littoral Imaging and
Monitoring Radiometer )
New Observing & Exploration Strategies
New Programmatic Environment:
• Smaller Budgets
• Various Partners: OGAs, Industry,
Academia, International
• New and Unique Science Measurements
vs. Dedicated Missions
• Varied Launch and Deployment
Opportunities
New Technology Environment:
• Novel Instrument Design
• Smaller Spacecraft and Components for
reduced Size, Weight and Power (SWAP)
• Constellations vs. Monolithic Missions
2017 Decadal Survey:
Designated Observables*
Aerosol and Cloud
convection and
precipitation (A-CCP)
Surface, Biology and
Geology (SBG)
Surface Deformation
and Change (SDC)
Mass Change (MC)
*Actively pursuing industry and non-traditional partnerships
Technology Drivers
HARDWARE:
• Instrument Miniaturization (Freeform
Optics, Photonic Integrated Circuits, etc.)
• Novel Components (Metamaterials, etc.)
• Smaller Spacecraft (CubeSats and
Nanosats)
• High Performance Space Processors
SOFTWARE:
• Big Data Analysis and Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence
• Autonomous Decision Making
• Onboard Computing
• Intelligent & Collaborative
Constellations/Sensor WebsMarCO cubesat Photo credit: NASA
Badrinarayanan et al., 2015
Tech for Future NASA Applications
Two Main AreasScience Advancement
• Big Data and Data Analytics: Computer Aided Scientific Discovery/Discover events of interest and correlations in large amounts of data
• Improvements and Support to forecasting and science modeling and data assimilation
• New Observing Strategies (NOS)
Improved Mission Engineering and Agile Mission Operations (Onboard or on the Ground)
• Semi-autonomy and autonomy for decision making
• Anomaly and fault detection
• Engineering Support
• Advanced Interfaces
Technologies: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Intelligent Search, Computer Vision, Data Fusion, Interactive Visualization and Analytics, …
Technologies: Planning & Scheduling, Intelligent Agents, Cognitive and Knowledge-Based Systems, Reasoning, Natural Language, …
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