national responses

National response: Singapore

1) Singapore Green Plan 2012

• Reduce energy consumption and greenhouse emission from burning fossil fuels

2) Green Mark Scheme

• Constructing ‘green’ buildings

3) Plant-A-Tree programme

• Planting more trees and plants

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Singapore Green Plan 2012

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Singapore: Green Mark Scheme

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The hotel Parkroyal on Pickering is one of several recent projects that underscore Singapore's commitment to sustainable building.

Singapore: Green Mark Scheme

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Mr Lee Kuan Yew planting a tree in 1963 and still doing so in 2012

Singapore: Plant-A-Tree programme

Singapore: Plant-A-Tree programme

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National response: India

1) National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP)- Emphasising public transport

2) Energy Labelling Programme- Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse

emissions from burning fuels

3) Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment (INCCA)

- Promoting India-specific climate change research

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Traffic in India

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National Urban Transport Policy

Point:

Launched in 2006 by Ministry of Urban Development

• Aim to reduce motor vehicles on road by:- Developing public

transport

- Encourage non-motorisedtransport

• Use of cleaner technologies9

National Urban Transport Policy

• Pedestrian infrastructure improve in Hyderabad.

- Bus Rapid Transport System expanded from 20 in 2006 to 68 by 2010.

- Carbon credits given to Delhi’s metro rail, whose 186 km of rail kept 91,000 vehicles off road and reduced 6.3 million tonnes of greenhouse gas annually.

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SuccessesRail, cycle, bus and pedestrian infrastructure improved tremendously with funding.

National Urban Transport Policy

Limitations

• Huge capital costs (billions) and many years needed to build competent public transport systems a hindrance.

• Increasingly affluent citizens will prefer private vehicles over public transport.

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Energy Labelling Programme

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Energy Labelling ProgrammePoint

• Started in 2007.

• Programme informed consumers of energy efficiency of products. (The more efficient, the cheaper)

• The label is mandatory for frost-free refrigerators, fluorescent lamps, air conditioners, distribution transformers.

• Voluntary for other appliances such as ceiling fans, television sets, washing machines and computers.

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Energy Labelling Programme

Successes• Consumers will be encouraged to buy products that

conserve energy, reducing country’s greenhouse gas output.

• Sales of energy efficient appliances have steadily increased since 2007

• Two major laptop producers pledged to adopt labelling in 2011 with other major manufacturers expected to follow.

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Energy Labelling Programme

Limitations

• Many appliances are still not on the program and most of public are still not aware of how the labellingworks/ what it means.

• Country has urgent need to provide energy for citizens and using coal-powered stations negate the labelling efforts.

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Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment

Point

• 220 scientists from 120 research institutions promote domestic research on climate change.

• They provide Indian-based climate data for better reference during policy implementation.

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Successes

• Released first assessment (on issues such as sea level, agriculture, water supply, human health) of climate change impacts in India for the next 20 years.

• Recommend constant monitoring and research of India’s physical and biological system by specific regional committees, developing concrete plans thereafter.

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Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment

Limitations

• India is a rapidly developing economy and can only sustain its development through industrialisation and urbanisation.

• Recommendations by INCCA might go unheeded by the government should concrete plans made by them interfere with India’s development.

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Indian Network of Climate Change Assessment