neuroanatomy ii reference: banich, ch. 2. the cerebral cortex frontal lobes parietal lobes temporal...

Neuroanatomy II

Reference: Banich, Ch. 2

The Cerebral Cortex

Frontal lobesFrontal lobesParietal lobesParietal lobes

Temporal lobesTemporal lobes

Occipital lobesOccipital lobes

The Cerebral CortexCentral sulcusCentral sulcus

Sylvian (lateral) fissureSylvian (lateral) fissure

Primary Sensory & Motor Areas

Primary Visual Cortex

Primary Motor Cortex Somatosensory Cortex

Frontal Lobe

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Primary Auditory Cortex

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

1. Primary Motor Cortex

2. Somatosensory Cortex

3. Primary Visual Cortex

4. (Primary Auditory Cortex)

5. (Primary Olfactory Cortex)

Primary Sensory & Motor Areas

1. Primary Motor Cortex

Note Crossover:Note Crossover:

Motor “map” is disproportionate and inverted:

QuickTime™ and aQuickDraw decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

1. Primary Motor Cortex

• Damage:

- poor touch discrimination

- disturbed sense of body position, size

Patient Area of weakness

L/R cortex?

Region affected?

Fred left leg

Mary right side of face

rightright

leftleft

highhigh

lowlow

1. Primary Motor Cortex

2. Somatosensory Cortex

• Tactile information, pressure, pain, musclemovements

• Also a crossover

• Also disproportionate and inverted:

QuickTime™ and aQuickDraw decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

2. Somatosensory Cortex

• Damage -> poor touch discrimination,

disturbed sense of body position, size.

Mrs. K complained that her hand felt "enormous, out of

proportion with the rest of my body. It feels like I was

wearing a huge, thick baseball glove. Sometimes it

seems to me as though my hand is hot and cold at the

same time".

2. Somatosensory Cortex

3. Primary Visual Cortex

• Early processing of visual information

• Also a crossover

• Also disproportionate (“retinotopic”) and inverted

3. Primary Visual Cortex

ØDamage: Ø Blindness in corresponding area of visual space:

3. Primary Visual Cortex

Normal view of roomNormal view of room

3. Primary Visual Cortex

Damage to Right PVCDamage to Right PVC

3. Primary Visual Cortex

Damage to lower part Damage to lower part of Left PVCof Left PVC

3. Primary Visual Cortex

Scotoma Scotoma (lower right PVC)(lower right PVC)