new media in academic programs 13.10.2006. issues about new media
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New Media in Academic Programs
13.10.2006
Issues about new media
Look back
New media as academic programs
• New Media master programs
• Explore
What agencies are involved?
Whose concern is the development of new media? Who should lead the development?
ICT industry? Impacts of technology on people? (Techno-drivenness)
People modifying technology?
Educational programs at schools and universities
Research institutions
Industry enterprises, big money
Organizations
EU, states, municipalities
• Development strategies, funding
• EU level
People communities, organizations
• Disappearing technologies: analog TV
Starting points to new media researchMedia as extensions of mind
McLuhan…Media as mass production
Benjamin…New as postmodern
Baudrillard…Economics of information
Arrow & JonscherMachlup (1962)Porat (1977)Nora & Minc
Information as economic goodValue of information workPost-industrial society
Bell (1973)Employment
Space and timeGiddens (1979)
Surveillance and control mediaPrivacy issueGiddens 1979Beniger (1986)
Internet not under First AmendmentExtended social presence, telepresence
Teleconferencing Short et al. (1976)Media as power
Mass media society - information society – network societyParker (1973)
New (at 70’s tech that did not fit to theories of mass mediaTelephoneVideotex
Audio and video teleconferencingPhotocopying
FaxCMC
ArpanetAttitudes on new technologies
LegalExtending laws from old ‘paper-based’ to new media
Information society theoriesCastells
Shields and SamarajivaIto (1981): johoka shahaiCultural-critical studies
Focused on contentPolitical economy, Marxist view
Bourdieu: Relation between economy and cultureFoucault linking technology to administrative imperatives
Modernity and social changeBell
Habermas’ theory of public sphereGiddens’ structuration
⇨ connected new media tech to cd-determination and actionBritish
Cultural/critical approachMedia and powerCritical studies
New media reinforcing existing power:Technological determinism vs. social shaping of technology
Tech has power to driven human actionsTechnologies are remade by the things users do with them (Lievrouw)
Social shaping approachPICT – Virtual Society?
Impacts of new mediaPalmqvist (1992)Globalization
Issues: Gender
Digital divideRogers 1995
Parker and Hudson (1975)Parker and Mohammadi (1977)
Equality and digital divide wrt. geography, gender, age,
economical status, education disabilities...
Intellectual property rights: open vs. closed, public -
private...
Security
Privacy
Education
• New media litteracy
• What is lost?
• Quality education, additional value of ICT
Citizens’ Initiative Community
Who has the power?
=>Citizen’s Initiative Game
Theories of media and theories of technology
• Theories of technology (in general)
What theories are there about media?
• Media studies– McLuhan, Baudrillard, Benjamin...
• Socio-economical considerations– Network society theory (Castells)
• Cognitive and Psychological theories– learning as knowledge construction (Bruner, Vygotsky...)– learning as knowledge sharing (Vygotsky)– exploration (Neisser etc.)
Historical perspectives
• History of (media) technology, media arcaeology (Huhtamo)
• History of media as a means of power
• History of homo ludens (Huizinga 1950)
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