new republic after the constitution was written, our founding fathers will face a huge task in...
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New Republic
After the Constitution was written, our Founding Fathers will face a huge task in making the new gov’t work.
Political parties will emerge.
Manufacturing will take a stronger role in the American economy.
#1 Why It Matters 1/2
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People begin to move westward.
The U.S. will become a dominant player in the Americas.
#1 Why It Matters 2/2
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Our nation’s leaders still follow the precedents set by our Founding Fathers.
Politicians operate within a party system.
The U.S. is one of the leading economic & military powers in the world.
#2 The Impact Today
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Became 1st president under the Constitution on Apr. 30, 1789 Did not want job John Adams – 1st VP
Set many precedents that are still followed Called “Mr.
President”
#3 President Washington 1/2
Washington banner
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1st Cabinet Sec. of State –
Thomas Jefferson Sec. of Treasury –
Alexander Hamilton Sec. of War – Henry
Knox Attorney General –
Edmund Randolph
#3 President Washington 2/2
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Created a federal court system 13 District Courts 3 Circuit Courts
SC given final authority on all court matters
John Jay – 1st SC Chief Justice
#4 Judiciary Act of 1789
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U.S. faced a growing nat’l debt in its early years
GW left it up to his Sec. of Treasury (Hamilton) to deal w/ the issue
Hamilton’s Plan Gov’t will pay off debt
owed to citizens & other nations
Gov’t will assume states’ debts
#5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan
1/3
New Republic Opposition to
Hamilton’s Plan Bonds
Gov’t issued bonds during Am. Rev.
Speculators bought these bonds
Under Hamilton’s Plan, speculators would become rich
States’ Debt South had less debt
than North Under Hamilton’s
Plan, South would pay more
#5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan
2/3
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Compromise Nation’s capital will
be moved to the South Will become
Washington, D.C. South will support
plan
#5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan
3/3
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In order to strengthen the economy, Hamilton proposed: A nat’l bank (the
Bank of the U.S.) A protective tariff on
imports Nat’l taxes
Ideas were opposed by Jefferson & Madison
#6 National Economy
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Occurred due to farmers in western PA refusing to pay taxes on whiskey imposed on them by Hamilton
Washington led troops to squash the rebellion
Results of Rebellion: Nat’l gov’t was
powerful If citizens wanted to
change a law, they had to do it peacefully
#7 Whiskey Rebellion
New Republic GW wanted US to stay
out of foreign affairs
Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) – GW’s attempt to keep US neutral
Jay’s Treaty – GW’s attempt to stay out of war w/ GB
Pinckney’s Treaty – gave US right to navigate the Mississippi R. & to trade @ New Orleans
#8 Washington’s Foreign Issues
New Republic Served 2 terms (1789-
1797) Precedent
Decided not to seek 3rd term of office in 1796
Washington’s Farewell Address Warned about:
Dangers of political parties
Alliances w/ foreign countries
Sectionalism Influenced US foreign
policy for over 100 yrs.
#9 Washington FINALLY Retires!
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By 1796, Americans disagreed on many things Philosophies of
gov’t Interpretation of the
Constitution Economy Foreign affairs
Led to 2 groups being formed
#10 Creation of Political Parties
1/3
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Federalists Leader – A.
Hamilton Beliefs
Strong nat’l gov’t Loose interpretation
of Constitution Rule by wealthy Nat’l bank Alliance w/ Britain
Supported by NE & plantation owners in South
#10 Creation of Political Parties
2/3
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Democratic-Republicans Leader – T. Jefferson Beliefs
Strong state gov’ts Strict interpretation of
Constitution Rule by the people State banks Alliance w/ France
Supported by small farmers in Mid-Atlantic & South
#10 Creation of Political Parties
3/3
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1st election candidates ran as members of a political party Fed. – John Adams (P);
Charles Pinckney (VP) D-R – Thomas Jefferson
(P); Aaron Burr (VP)
Election Results Adams wins Pres. Jefferson becomes VP
#11 Election of 1796
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XYZ Affair Event in which
Charles de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, sent agents (X, Y, & Z) to obtain a bribe from the U.S. in order for the French to stop seizing American ships
Led to: The creation of the
U.S. Navy A “Quasi-War” w/
France
#12 Adams’ Presidency 1/4
New Republic Alien & Sedition Acts
Passed to protect the nation’s security
Acts Alien Act – allowed
president to imprison or remove aliens from the country
Sedition Act – made it a crime to say negative things about the gov’t
Naturalization Act – required aliens to wait 14 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship
#12 Adams’ Presidency 2/4
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Alien & Sedition Acts (cont.) Results of Acts
Discouraged immigration
Forced aliens to leave
People were jailed for saying their opinions about the gov’t
#12 Adams’ Presidency 3/4
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Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Written by Jefferson &
Madison Claimed Alien &
Sedition Acts were unconstitutional
Proposed nullification – idea that a state could legally overturn federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
Established theory of states’ rights
#12 Adams’ Presidency 4/4
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Candidates – same as 1796 election
Both Jefferson & Burr earned 73 electoral votes
Election sent to H.O.R. to decide Jefferson becomes
Pres. (Burr VP) due to Hamilton’s persuasion
#13 Election of 1800
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Bought in 1803 from France (Napoleon) Sold for $15 million Doubled the size of
U.S.
Lewis & Clark Exploration Lasted 2 years
(thought would only last months)
Aided by Sacagawea
#14 Louisiana Purchase
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Settlers moved into NW Territory and began to break treaties that were made w/ Indians
Treaty of Greenville – Nat. Am. surrender land in Ohio
Once Ohio becomes a state, more people push onto Nat. Am. land
#15 Indian Conflicts 1/2
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Tecumseh & the Prophet Shawnee brothers Stated that the “white
man’s ways” were bad for Nat. Am. culture
Battle of Tippecanoe American victory by
Gen. William Henry Harrison against Tecumseh
Tecumseh will join British
#15 Indian Conflicts 2/2
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James Madison – 4th Pres.
British Issues Supply guns to Nat.
Am. Use impressment on
Am. ships
War Hawks Group of
Congressmen who wanted war w/ GB
Led by Henry Clay
#16 Growing Conflict w/ Britain 1/2
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Reasons for War w/ GB Obtain Canada Stop British
impressment Show power of U.S. Stop British aid to
Nat. Am. Obtain Florida from
Spain
#16 Growing Conflict w/ Britain 2/2
New Republic Occurred from 1812-
1814
Nicknamed “Mr. Madison’s War”
U.S. unprepared for war
U.S. burned Toronto; British burned D.C.
Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner” @ Fort McHenry; becomes Nat’l Anthem
#17 War of 1812 1/2
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Andrew Jackson became famous for his victory @ Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent Ended war Maintained status
quo (nothing changed after war)
No one really won or lost
#17 War of 1812 2/2
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Began in GB in mid-1700s
Began in U.S. in NE around 1800
Water provided power for mills/factories
Cotton from the South is used in the factories of the North
#18 Industrial Revolution 1/2
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Famous Inventors & their Inventions Robert Fulton –
Steamboat Francis Cabot Lowell
– Textile mill; factory system
Samuel Slater – Machine designs for mills
Eli Whitney – Cotton gin
#18 Industrial Revolution 2/2
New Republic Occurs due to I.R.
Cities & towns grow due to people leaving farms
Roads & canals are built
People begin to move west
Cotton gin leads to more slaves
2nd Bank of U.S. is created
#19 Economic Growth
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Marbury v. Madison – established judicial review
McCulloch v. Maryland – established implied powers
Gibbons v. Ogden – established that Congress had the right to regulate interstate commerce
#20 Supreme Court Cases
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Idea that one is more loyal to a region than their country
Issues that sectionalized country Slavery National bank Tariffs Internal
improvements
#21 Sectionalism
1/2
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Spokespersons in Congress for Regions North – Daniel
Webster South – John C.
Calhoun West – Henry Clay
#21 Sectionalism
2/2
Daniel Webster
John C. Calhoun Henry Clay
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Missouri joins Union as slave state
In order to balance # of slave states/free states, Maine joins Union as free state
Banned slavery in rest of Louisiana territory north of the 36°30’N parallel
#22 Missouri Compromise of
1820
New Republic Program created by
Henry Clay to improve country
Wanted: Protective tariff Roads & canals for
trade National bank
Little of the plan went into effect due to opposition
#23 American System
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James Monroe – 5th Pres. Era of Good Feelings
– nickname for Monroe’s 1st term in office due to lack of political parties
Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere win independence
#24 Monroe Doctrine 1/2
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Monroe Doctrine Europe should not
interfere w/ the Americas (Western Hemisphere)
Became important part of US foreign policy for over 170 years
#24 Monroe Doctrine 2/2
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