NEW REPUBLIC

NEW REPUBLIC

After the Constitution was written, our Founding Fathers will face a huge task in making the new gov’t work.

Political parties will emerge.

Manufacturing will take a stronger role in the American economy.

#1 Why It Matters 1/2

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People begin to move westward.

The U.S. will become a dominant player in the Americas.

#1 Why It Matters 2/2

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Our nation’s leaders still follow the precedents set by our Founding Fathers.

Politicians operate within a party system.

The U.S. is one of the leading economic & military powers in the world.

#2 The Impact Today

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Became 1st president under the Constitution on Apr. 30, 1789 Did not want job John Adams – 1st VP

Set many precedents that are still followed Called “Mr.

President”

#3 President Washington 1/2

Washington banner

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NEW REPUBLIC

1st Cabinet Sec. of State –

Thomas Jefferson Sec. of Treasury –

Alexander Hamilton

Sec. of War – Henry Knox

Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

#3 President Washington 2/2

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Created a federal court system 13 District Courts 3 Circuit Courts

SC given final authority on all court matters

John Jay – 1st SC Chief Justice

#4 Judiciary Act of 1789

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U.S. faced a growing nat’l debt in its early years

GW left it up to his Sec. of Treasury (Hamilton) to deal w/ the issue

Hamilton’s Plan Gov’t will pay off

debt owed to citizens & other nations

Gov’t will assume states’ debts

#5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan

1/3

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Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan Bonds

Gov’t issued bonds during Am. Rev.

Speculators bought these bonds

Under Hamilton’s Plan, speculators would become rich

States’ Debt South had less

debt than North Under Hamilton’s

Plan, South would pay more

#5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan

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Compromise Nation’s

capital will be moved to the South

Will become Washington, D.C.

South will support plan

#5 Hamilton’s Financial Plan

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In order to strengthen the economy, Hamilton proposed: A nat’l bank (the

Bank of the U.S.) A protective tariff on

imports Nat’l taxes

Ideas were opposed by Jefferson & Madison

#6 National Economy

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Occurred due to farmers in western PA refusing to pay taxes on whiskey imposed on them by Hamilton

Washington led troops to squash the rebellion

Results of Rebellion: Nat’l gov’t was

powerful If citizens wanted to

change a law, they had to do it peacefully

#7 Whiskey Rebellion

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GW wanted US to stay out of foreign affairs

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) – GW’s attempt to keep US neutral

Jay’s Treaty – GW’s attempt to stay out of war w/ GB

Pinckney’s Treaty – gave US right to navigate the Mississippi R. & to trade @ New Orleans

#8 Washington’s Foreign Issues

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Served 2 terms (1789-1797) Precedent

Decided not to seek 3rd term of office in 1796

Washington’s Farewell Address Warned about:

Dangers of political parties

Alliances w/ foreign countries

Sectionalism Influenced US foreign

policy for over 100 yrs.

#9 Washington FINALLY Retires!

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NEW REPUBLIC

By 1796, Americans disagreed on many things Philosophies of

gov’t Interpretation

of the Constitution

Economy Foreign affairs

Led to 2 groups being formed

#10 Creation of Political Parties

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Federalists Leader – A.

Hamilton Beliefs

Strong nat’l gov’t

Loose interpretation of Constitution

Rule by wealthy

Nat’l bank Alliance w/

Britain Supported by

NE & plantation owners in South

#10 Creation of Political Parties

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Democratic-Republicans Leader – T. Jefferson Beliefs

Strong state gov’ts Strict

interpretation of Constitution

Rule by the people State banks Alliance w/ France

Supported by small farmers in Mid-Atlantic & South

#10 Creation of Political Parties

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1st election candidates ran as members of a political party Fed. – John

Adams (P); Charles Pinckney (VP)

D-R – Thomas Jefferson (P); Aaron Burr (VP)

Election Results Adams wins

Pres. Jefferson

becomes VP

#11 Election of 1796

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XYZ Affair Event in which

Charles de Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, sent agents (X, Y, & Z) to obtain a bribe from the U.S. in order for the French to stop seizing American ships

Led to: The creation of the

U.S. Navy A “Quasi-War” w/

France

#12 Adams’ Presidency 1/4

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Alien & Sedition Acts Passed to protect the

nation’s security Acts

Alien Act – allowed president to imprison or remove aliens from the country

Sedition Act – made it a crime to say negative things about the gov’t

Naturalization Act – required aliens to wait 14 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship

#12 Adams’ Presidency 2/4

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Alien & Sedition Acts (cont.) Results of Acts

Discouraged immigration

Forced aliens to leave

People were jailed for saying their opinions about the gov’t

#12 Adams’ Presidency 3/4

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Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Written by Jefferson

& Madison Claimed Alien &

Sedition Acts were unconstitutional

Proposed nullification – idea that a state could legally overturn federal laws they deemed unconstitutional

Established theory of states’ rights

#12 Adams’ Presidency 4/4