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News TODAY
2012
By
Diego Cáceres
Kathleen Alfaro
Esteban Monge
News TODAY
2
News
Paralympics
Homework
Limiting Beliefs
How to Get Longevity
Catching Attention While Writing the News
Animal Intelligence
Content
Paralympics ................................................................................................................................ 3-4
Homework ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Limiting Beliefs .............................................................................................................................. 6
How to Get Longevity .................................................................................................................... 7
Catching Attention While Writing the News ................................................................................. 8
Animal Intelligence ................................................................................................................... 9-10
News TODAY
3
Paralympics
By Esteban Monge
The Paralympics games is one the
most bravest and courageous events, started
with Dr. Ludwig Guttmann neurologist and
German neurosurgeon, of Jewish origin
working in Breslau Jewish Hospital,
serving the soldiers of World War II, until
he had to flee to England in 1939, he was
working in the hospital with spinal injuries
in the city of Stoke Mandeville, England.
Guttmann initially sought psychological
well-being and good use of free time patient
of war, and then realized that sport has a
positive effect on the neuromuscular system
and assisted in the reintegration of the
individual in society. There is also a
discipline that is the most popular in the
Paralympic games, that is athletics.
The great success of the sport was
to increase the number of competitors each
year, and therefore it was necessary to
regulate and adapt to the wheelchair, in
those early years as a sports practiced, shot
put, throwing sticks, throwing discs,
sprinting, basketball, swimming, fencing,
table tennis, weightlifting, bowling, archery
bows and pentathlon.
Paralympic sport has become worldwide
and over time it has become a special place
in the hearts of the public who wonder
when observing the agility, strength and
precision of athletes with special abilities,
demonstrated quality and courage displayed
in the matches in many parts of the world.
The most popular sport in the
Olympic Games is also in the Paralympics.
Athletics is the most emblematic sport and
Paralympic compete in it all kinds of
disabilities, being the sport that more tests
and competitors have, since competitors are
divided according to their disabilities and
subdivided into classes according to their
ability functional for sport. Running tests
include all tests except fences test,
obstacles, hammer throw and pole vault.
There are competitions in a wheelchair,
there are athletes who run, jump or throw
with their prostheses; totally blind compete
with his guide, his arms bound with a rope,
while the rest of the handicapped, cerebral
palsy, visually impaired or intellectual
disabilities who do not require technical
aids participate normally in virtually the
same evidence of the Olympic program.
Wheelchairs and prosthetics that
athletes use are specially designed for
racing, with lightweight materials and high
technology applied. The guides that
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4
accompany the blind can never exceed the
blind, to which they are attached by a rope,
but they cannot be left behind, so you have
to have a high competitive level, similar to
that of his company.
The wheelchair race began in 1952 in Stoke
Mandeville, competitions among disabled
veterans of World War II, and where was
the standard distance of 60m, as this was
the existing asphalt that separated the
hospital instead of helicopter landings.
Athletics became a Paralympic sport in the
Paralympic Games in Rome in 1960.
At the end, we can see why
Paralympics games are very followed by a
lot of people, including the courageous
participation of the athletes, combined with
technology that some of the athletes display
when using their wheelchairs or prosthetics
to compete in the disciplines, we can
conclude that humans always can exceed
their capacities, even if they have some type
of physic incapacity.
News TODAY
5
Homework
By Diego Caceres
Homework is extra work out
of class that the teacher assigns
students to perform in a given period,
with default training and academic
goals. They help the student practice
what he saw in class or performing
activities which by their nature cannot
be done in the classroom and also to
develop their creative skills and
critical judgment when making study
or research practices.
Tasks are considered as a positive experience that encourages students to learn. They
will provide multiple benefits. First, we have seen that the more time students spend on task, the
higher the academic performance in school, and academics will benefit as they move to higher
grades.
Specifically, in the field learning a
task is help them review, practice and
integrate lessons learned view and to
prepare for the next day's class. Students
learn to use the resources available to them,
such as libraries, reference books,
dictionaries, encyclopedias, Internet, to
develop the skills necessary to investigate,
such as locate, organize and condense the
information, and finally to investigate the
matter further than the time allowed during
class.
But the benefits of the tasks extend beyond the school. They allow instilling in
important students’ habits and attitudes: the ability to work on their own, autonomy and
independence, a sense of responsibility for learning, self-discipline and time management, the
development of the initiative and enthusiasm for studies.
In conclusion, serves to improve student´s performance in
school, learn to learn, study habits and forms of personal and
collective work, and helps to overcome his learning problems and be
more responsible as adults.
News TODAY
6
Limiting Beliefs
By Kathleen Alfaro
The world is full of people, people with
different ideas, different religions,
different hobbies. We are all different
people living together trying to understand
each other’s actions. There is no easy way
to know in what we are perfect at all, but
it is very important to try looking for your
skills and abilities to do a perfect match
with others in this world.
But there is a big mistake in humans’ minds named limiting beliefs, those who want us
to stop fighting for the world. Limiting beliefs are all those ideas from ourselves or from others
that make us blind and do not let us see the reality.
One of the most common ways of limiting beliefs
is those which come from our family, friends, neighbors,
classmates and teachers that unconsciously make us believe
that we are not able to do something. However, most of the
time, we are not able to do this special task just because our
mind has the idea that we cannot, but also because we do
not try.
Also, another manner of limiting beliefs (and I
think this is more powerful than the first one) is the one
that we create to ourselves. Those ideas that we introduce
into our minds, making us think how unsuccessful we are
with a special task.
But there is no any other solution than to break up with that kind of chain of bad ideas,
and think that we have special skills for each activity in the world, and that we are also a perfect
complement for all others. It is important to have in mind that we cannot give up easily, and it
will be better if you try at least twice than to not try at all.
News TODAY
7
How to Get Longevity
By Diego Caceres
Many people would like to live
longer to enjoy this life and spend more time
with loved ones. There are many ways to
extend the life and one of them is to be a
positive person, to eat healthy and perform
physical exercise or a sport which often
helps to have a healthy health and therefore a
longer life.
Positive thinking extends life. People who are
optimistic about the aging process live longer than the
ones who complain all the time about their future.
Laughing and thinking optimistically has a role in the
proper functioning of the human body. A positive
attitude will add more years to life than just not
smoking or exercising regularly.
Good nutrition and health helps aging more
slowly. Moderation in food and consuming fewer calories
than recommended helps to have a longer life. The diet
should include foods with antioxidants, fruits and colorful
vegetables and whole grains. Prefer fish over meat
consumption.
Make physical exercise according to age: walking, climbing
stairs, do simple exercises, golf, yoga practice consistent with age,
etc. This helps improve the sense of well-being and almost all health
indicators, especially those related to a longer life.
In conclusion, a healthy life is a longer life if you have
healthy habits, like eating healthy, making exercise and having a
positive mindset. That will help you to live better and longer.
News TODAY
8
Catching Attention While Writing the News
By Kathleen Alfaro
Since newspapers appeared many years ago, reporters had been involved in serious
challenges. They need to have excellent results in their reports but this cannot be possible
without excellent techniques that reporters have to include into their daily tools. There are Six
important keys for the creation of a report and combined with written skills, could change a
news report into an excellent and attractive story. These keys are called “The five w´s and the
h”.
For the two initial keys
we have “what” and “who”. The
what gives the reader the general
idea of the topic. Second, there
is the “who”, because without it,
we can know who is the new
about, the main character or
maybe the famous person the
reporter is writing about.
For catching the reader´s
attention even more, and for
making the story enter into the
audience’s mind, there are two
other important tools we could put
into practice. “Where” as the third
“w”, helps to give the general idea of where the news occurs. However, “where” will not be as
complete as wanted without the fourth “w”: “when”. With the full address of the news, the
reader has a better and more complete idea of time when the event occurred.
Even if the major part of the notice is covered, there are some other important aspects
that are not taken into account and could be helpful to understand the whole notice. “Why” the
fifth “w” and covering these facts is may help us to know the reasons of the notice. And last, but
not least, there is the “h”: “how”. Knowing how the notice was developed, make us have a
complete and full idea of the reasons and facts
of the notice.
Reporters have the obligation to write
several news for many different topics, trying to
catch people´s attention as much as possible.
And caring about the idea of covering “The five
w´s and the h”, and combining words and
keeping in mind the topic we want to report,
will help them to perform a successful and
attractive notice.
News TODAY
9
Animal Intelligence
By Esteban Monge
Humans have been always
fascinated about how animals can show
some detail about intelligence compared to
them. Since the decade of the sixties, there
have been a lot of experiments to try to
demonstrate how far the animal intelligence
can go, however, there are some special
studies that could call the attention of a lot
of people but it’s not very popular, it’s
called animal cognition.
Animal cognition
is the name given
to the study of the
mental capacities
of non-human
animals, along
with a comparative psychology; it
researches the animal learning and
conditioning mostly on mammals, such as
cats, dogs, elephants, rodents and of course,
primates. It also extends non-mammals
such as lizards, birds and even invertebrates
like spiders and others insects.
Since the antiquity the behavior of
animals has captivated human imagination,
there have been stories from a lot of writers
depicting the animal intelligence; Descartes
would be one of many writers who would
speculate about this. However, there would
be more scientific interest about this topic,
such as Darwin placing humans and
animals on a continuum, or studies made by
E. L. Thorndike who in his laboratory
careful observed how the escape of dogs,
cats and chicks from a puzzle boxes led him
to conclude that intelligent behavior may be
compounded of
simple
associations
and that
inference to
animal reason.
In the last fifty years the
acceleration of studying animal intelligence
have been huge, leading to a rich
comprehension of how some animals
behave to certain situations, such as how
they behave with food caches,
communication, navigation by stars and
many others matters. Of course these kinds
of studies are in non-natural environment,
but there is, as well, studies on their natural
environment and how this can lead to the
propagation and survival of the species.
There is an interesting and new field of
studies where the neuroscience play a role,
through this we can clarify some
psychological mental process.
Also, human and animal cognition
has a lot in common; there are five major
areas that scientists have researched in this
area: perception, attention, selective
learning, divided attention and visual search
and attention attentional priming.
In regards to perception, like the humans,
animals process data from ears, eyes and
other sensory organs. Selective learning,
animals learn to discriminate between black
and white and brightness of an object, this
comes with the divided attention, where
that attention is a limited resource, the more
attention is devoted to one aspect or
dimension of the environment, the less is
available for others. In the field of visual
search and attentional priming, visual
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search calls for selection of information,
and search tasks have been used extensively
in both humans and animals to determine
the characteristics of attentional selection
and the factors that control it.
There is a lot of research in the field
of animal cognition; this is only a general
view of what it can be found in this area. In
conclusion, we share a lot of behaviors with
animals that most people believe. We must
be more kindly with them, we share the
same word and animals give us food, vest,
and love too.
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