objective 9
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Objective 9
Compare and contrast the three major categories of joints. Give an example of each.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints
Hold bones together Allow for mobility
Ways joints are classified Functionally Structurally
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Functional Classification of Joints Synarthroses – “together joint”
immovable joints, skull
Amphiarthroses – “both side joint” slightly moveable joints, wrist
Diarthroses – “2 (direction) joint” freely moveable joints, all movements
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Fibrous Joints Bones united by fibrous tissue Examples
Sutures In skull
Between tibia & fibula
Figure 5.27a–b
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Cartilaginous Joints Bones connected by cartilage Examples
Intervertebral joints
Pubic symphysis (pelvis)
Figure 5.27d–e
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Synovial Joints Moving bones
separated by a joint cavity
Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity
Figure 5.24f–h
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Objective 10
Name the six types of synovial joints based on the movements they allow.
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Features of Synovial Joints Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the
ends of bones Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular
capsule Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs
Lined with synovial membranes Filled with synovial fluid
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The Synovial Joint
Figure 5.28
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Plane Joint1. Plane joints
Flat surfaces slipping or gliding
movements
Small bones of Wrist & ankle
Figure 8.7a
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Types of Synovial Joints2. Hinge joints
Like a hinge on a door, one side fits into the other.
Motion is along a single plane (flex/extend only)
Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints
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Hinge Joints
Figure 8.7b
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3. Pivot Joints
Will rotate on an axis
Examples: joint between the axis and the atlas (neck) , and the proximal radioulnar joint (forearm)
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Pivot Joints
Figure 8.7c
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4. Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints Oval surface of one bone fits into a
depression in another
Biaxial joints permit all angular motions
Examples: radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints
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Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints
Figure 8.7d
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5. Saddle Joints Each surface has both a concave and a
convex surface
Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
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Saddle Joints
Figure 8.7e
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6. Ball-and-Socket Joints A bal-like head of one bone articulates with a
cuplike socket of another permit the most free movement
Examples: shoulder and hip joints
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Ball-and-Socket Joints
Figure 8.7f
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