objectives

OBJECTIVES1. Present perfect simple and

continuous2. Compound nouns3. Activity at home page 43

HASor

HAVE+ BEEN+

verb in-ING

USES:• 1) To talk about an ACTION in progress that

started in the past, but is still happening.• We’ve been waiting for the bus for twenty

minutes

• *It has been raining for two weeks.

• (It began raining two weeks ago.)• (It is STILL raining now.)

• 2) Repeated actions started in the past up to now (not an action in progress...)

• Anna has been playing the piano since she was four

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• 3) An action which ends just before the present

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I’ve been swimming!

KEY WORDS★FOR & SINCE (with action verbs)

• They’ve been going out for a year / since last year

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KEY WORDS• HOW LONG (in questions)

• How long has she been crying?

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KEY WORDS• LATELY, RECENTLY (in the last few

days or weeks)

• We have been working out lately

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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

•Emphasis on RESULT

•Stative verbs

•How many/ how much

•Emphasis on ACTIVITY

•Action verbs

•How long

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Emphasis on activity

He’s been repairing the car

Emphasis on result

He’s repaired the car

EMPHASIS ON RESULT/ ACTIVITY

STATIVE/ ACTION VERBSPRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

I’ve known Ann for ages She’s been running for 45 minutes

HOW MANY, MUCH /HOW LONG

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

How much/many

I’ve ironed 26 shirts

How longI’ve been ironing since 10 o’clock

LIVE & WORKLive & work can be continuous or simple, with no difference in meaning

We’ve been living in Vélez since 1992.

We’ve lived in Vélez since 1992

I’ve worked for this company for 5 years

I’ve been working for this company for 5 years

http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.percon.i.htm

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/ppvpast1.htm

exercise 1exercise 2 exercise 3exercise 4exercise 5

WHAT TYPE / WHAT PURPOSE

WHAT OR WHO

police manboy friendwater tankdining tablebed room

COMPOUND NOUNSFormationWords can be combined to form compound nouns. These are very common, and new combinations are invented almost daily. They normally have two parts. The second part identifies the object or person in question (man, friend, tank, table, room). The first part tells us what kind of object or person it is, or what its purpose is (police, boy, water, dining, bed):

SUN PACKCAMP THINGBACK FLOWERBASE BOARDSUN MINTHORSE SHINESKATE PRINTSBUTTER MELONSOME BERRYPEPPER BALLFOOT FIREWATERBURGERCHEESE BACKBLUE FLYVocabulary : Compound words – English

What are adjectives?• Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns• These words are all adjectives

A hot day A happy camper A silly twit A big, bloody mess (both “big” and

“bloody” modify “mess”) She is creative (“creative” is a subject

complement that follows the linking verb “is”)

A boring course (present participle used as an adjective

So what are adverbs?• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and

other adverbs• Many adverbs end with ly• Many adverbs answer the question

“How?”• These are adverbs

Eating quickly (modifying a verb)Trying very hard (modifying an adverb)A really big show (modifying an

adjective)

Recognizing Adjectives & Adverbs

• Many words have both an adjective and adverb form

Adjective AdverbHappy kids Playing happilySmooth rock Running smoothlyGood night Eating WellEfficient workers Working efficientlyCasual dress Dressing casuallyQuick meeting Talking quicklyhopeful children Waiting hopefullyReal butter Really hot

Adverbs describe

verbs. They tell how an action takes

place.English adverbs ending in “ly” usually correspond to Spanish adverbs ending in “mente”.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/english

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