ocw [taxonomy and identification]

KINGDOM: ANIMALIA

TAXONOMY & IDENTIFICATION

CHRISTHARINA SGsgchristharina@preuni.unimas.my

This OpenCourseWare@UNIMAS and its related course materials are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Similarities?

Fur – stripes?Carnivores?

Characteristics used to infer relationship between animal groups

Differences?

Four limbs?Give birth?

https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6060/5905418331_fb4b9688ab_b.jpg

https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1316/1184434335_1d3e98e087_z.jpg?zz=1

https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2464/3715413069_ff6914a830_b.jpg

Characteristics used to infer relationship

between animal phyla

Different phyla!

• Distinguish the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia

• Explain the differences in characteristic of animal in major animal phyla

Learning outcomes

What is an animal?

• Multicellular organism• Eukaryotic cells with no cell walls• Non-photosynthetic• Feeding heterotrophically• Nervous coordination and muscle system– Respond quickly to environment stimuli–Move from one place to another

• Mostly reproduce sexually

• Animals also possess several other unique features

1. Interior digestion of food; possession of a digestive tract where hydrolytic enzymes are secreted and digestion takes place

2. The life cycle of organisms in Kingdom Animalia:

• pre-adult stage• predominance of the diploid stage• a series of embryonic developmental

stages

1. Tissue 2. Body symmetry 3. Body cavity 4. Patterns of early

development 5. Body segmentation

Characteristics that separate the

phyla of Kingdom Animalia:

A. True tissueTrue tissue or notEach tissue consists of specific cell types

arranged in a way that allows the tissue to carry out a particular task

Tissues develop from embryonic germ layers, e.g. endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm

Diploblastic Triploblastic

Radial symmetry The body can be divided into roughly

equal halves by more than one straight line or plane which passes through the central point of the body

B. Body Symmetry

• Bilateral symmetry– Only a single line or plane can divide

the body into equal halves

• Acoelomate animalNo body cavity (coelom)

C. Body cavity

Digestive cavity

Endoderm

MesodermEctoderm

Pseudocoelomate animalThe body cavity is not completely lined with tissues derived from the mesoderm

Endoderm

MesodermEctoderm

Digestive cavity

Coelomate animalThe body cavity is completely lined with tissues derived from mesoderm

Endoderm

MesenteryEctoderm

Mesoderm

Digestive cavity

D. Patterns of early developmentProtostomes o the first opening during development of

blastophore is the mouth (protostome = first mouth)

o e.g. mollusks, annelids, and arthropods

Deuterostomes o the first opening during development of

blastophore is the anus o e.g echinoderms and chordates

E. Body segmentation

With body segmentation or notA division of a body into similar units, repeated

on after the other along the main axisWhen many segments have structures that

carry out the same function, some segments can become modified

E.g. annelids, arthropods and chordates

Body cavity

Nine major animal phyla

http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm?File_name=Pori029p&File_type=gif

http://www.marinbi.com/cnidaria/engindex.htm

1. Sponges2. Multicellular3. Most primitive

Phylum

Porifera

1. Radial symmetry2. Defined tissue

Phylum

Cnidaria

http://magnetscience.inspiringteachers.com/invert_web_quest.html

http://kuczman.edu.glogster.com/false-2588/

1. Roundworms2. Bilateral symmetry3. Most abundant animals on Earth

Phylum Nematoda

1. Flatworms2. Bilateral symmetry

Phylum Plathyelminthe

s

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mollusca/mollusca.html

1. Coelomate2. Distinct bilateral symmetry

Phylum Mollusca

1. First animal to demonstrate true segmentation2. Coelomate3. Bilateral symmetry

Phylum Annelida

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/annelida-characteristics.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod

http://www.palaeos.org/Echinodermata

1. Named for their jointed appendages2. Coelomate3. Bilateral symmetry

Phylum Arthropoda

1. Coelomate2. Bilateral symmetry as larvae, radial symmetry as adult

Phylum Echinoderma

ta

http://www.mascothouse.es/tag/aves-2

http://www.petscareblog.com/tag/dehydration-in-reptiles

http://www.itsallaboutfish.co.uk/Types%20of%20Fish.htm

http://www.virginiazoo.org/about-the-zoo/mammals.asp

http://www.scubajedi.com/sea-turtles-in-crisis/

http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/1284/amphibians-losing-race-with-climate

1. Coelomate2. Bilateral symmetry

Phylum Chordata