ocw [taxonomy and identification]
TRANSCRIPT
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KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
TAXONOMY & IDENTIFICATION
CHRISTHARINA [email protected]
This OpenCourseWare@UNIMAS and its related course materials are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Similarities?
Fur – stripes?Carnivores?
Characteristics used to infer relationship between animal groups
Differences?
Four limbs?Give birth?
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https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6060/5905418331_fb4b9688ab_b.jpg
https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1316/1184434335_1d3e98e087_z.jpg?zz=1
https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2464/3715413069_ff6914a830_b.jpg
Characteristics used to infer relationship
between animal phyla
Different phyla!
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• Distinguish the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
• Explain the differences in characteristic of animal in major animal phyla
Learning outcomes
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What is an animal?
• Multicellular organism• Eukaryotic cells with no cell walls• Non-photosynthetic• Feeding heterotrophically• Nervous coordination and muscle system– Respond quickly to environment stimuli–Move from one place to another
• Mostly reproduce sexually
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• Animals also possess several other unique features
1. Interior digestion of food; possession of a digestive tract where hydrolytic enzymes are secreted and digestion takes place
2. The life cycle of organisms in Kingdom Animalia:
• pre-adult stage• predominance of the diploid stage• a series of embryonic developmental
stages
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1. Tissue 2. Body symmetry 3. Body cavity 4. Patterns of early
development 5. Body segmentation
Characteristics that separate the
phyla of Kingdom Animalia:
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A. True tissueTrue tissue or notEach tissue consists of specific cell types
arranged in a way that allows the tissue to carry out a particular task
Tissues develop from embryonic germ layers, e.g. endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm
Diploblastic Triploblastic
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Radial symmetry The body can be divided into roughly
equal halves by more than one straight line or plane which passes through the central point of the body
B. Body Symmetry
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• Bilateral symmetry– Only a single line or plane can divide
the body into equal halves
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• Acoelomate animalNo body cavity (coelom)
C. Body cavity
Digestive cavity
Endoderm
MesodermEctoderm
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Pseudocoelomate animalThe body cavity is not completely lined with tissues derived from the mesoderm
Endoderm
MesodermEctoderm
Digestive cavity
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Coelomate animalThe body cavity is completely lined with tissues derived from mesoderm
Endoderm
MesenteryEctoderm
Mesoderm
Digestive cavity
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D. Patterns of early developmentProtostomes o the first opening during development of
blastophore is the mouth (protostome = first mouth)
o e.g. mollusks, annelids, and arthropods
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Deuterostomes o the first opening during development of
blastophore is the anus o e.g echinoderms and chordates
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E. Body segmentation
With body segmentation or notA division of a body into similar units, repeated
on after the other along the main axisWhen many segments have structures that
carry out the same function, some segments can become modified
E.g. annelids, arthropods and chordates
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Body cavity
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Nine major animal phyla
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http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm?File_name=Pori029p&File_type=gif
http://www.marinbi.com/cnidaria/engindex.htm
1. Sponges2. Multicellular3. Most primitive
Phylum
Porifera
1. Radial symmetry2. Defined tissue
Phylum
Cnidaria
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http://magnetscience.inspiringteachers.com/invert_web_quest.html
http://kuczman.edu.glogster.com/false-2588/
1. Roundworms2. Bilateral symmetry3. Most abundant animals on Earth
Phylum Nematoda
1. Flatworms2. Bilateral symmetry
Phylum Plathyelminthe
s
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mollusca/mollusca.html
1. Coelomate2. Distinct bilateral symmetry
Phylum Mollusca
1. First animal to demonstrate true segmentation2. Coelomate3. Bilateral symmetry
Phylum Annelida
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/annelida-characteristics.html
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod
http://www.palaeos.org/Echinodermata
1. Named for their jointed appendages2. Coelomate3. Bilateral symmetry
Phylum Arthropoda
1. Coelomate2. Bilateral symmetry as larvae, radial symmetry as adult
Phylum Echinoderma
ta
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http://www.mascothouse.es/tag/aves-2
http://www.petscareblog.com/tag/dehydration-in-reptiles
http://www.itsallaboutfish.co.uk/Types%20of%20Fish.htm
http://www.virginiazoo.org/about-the-zoo/mammals.asp
http://www.scubajedi.com/sea-turtles-in-crisis/
http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/1284/amphibians-losing-race-with-climate
1. Coelomate2. Bilateral symmetry
Phylum Chordata