open culture, open education, open questions

#OER16Catherine Cronin

@catherinecroninNUI Galway19 April 2016

Image: CC BY 2.0 woodleywonderworks

Open Culture, Open Education, Open Questions

Mary Somerville@NatGalleriesScot

…and Wikipedia, of course

@ByLeavesWeLiveScottish Poetry Library

All Hail Edinburgh!

Imag

e: C

C B

Y 2

.0 k

umar

avel

openAllowing access or view

Not closed, blocked, or coveredFreely available or accessible; unrestricted

Unfolded or spread outNot concealing one’s thoughts or feelings

Not finally settled; still admitting of debateAdmitting customers or visitors (business)

Allowed to vibrate along its whole length (musical string)

@joecaslin joecaslin.com

@hendinarts

@joecaslin joecaslin.com

#marref

#refugeecrisis

Participatory Culture:low barriers to

artistic expression & civic engagement

strong support for creating & sharing

informal mentorship

members believe their contributions matter

social connection

Henry Jenkins, et al (2007)Confronting the Challenges of a Participatory Culture

multimodalmultimedia ✓ voice / choicenetworked ✓ topic / contentsocial ✓ genre / tonepurposeful ✓ space / placecollaborative ✓ time / durationagentic

Participatory Cultureliteracy practices

networkededucators

networkedstudents

Physical Spaces

Bounded Online Spaces

Open Online Spaces

Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 Catherine Cronin, built on original Networked Teacher image by Alec Couros

Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 Marcel Oosterwijk

…’open’ signals a broad, de-centralized constellation of practices that skirt the institutional structures and roles by which formal learning has been organized for generations.

– Bonnie Stewart (2015)

Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 Marcel Oosterwijk

OEP (Open Educational

Practices)

OER (Open Educational

Resources)

Free

Open Admission (e.g. Open Universities)

INTERPRETATIONS of ‘OPEN’

OER-focused definitions:

produce, use, reuse OER

Broader definitions:produce, use, reuse

OER + open pedagogies; open

learning; open sharing of teaching ideas

Licensed for reuse:for use, adaptation &

redistribution by others

Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 Marcel Oosterwijk

INTERPRETATIONS of ‘OPEN’

Policy/ Culture

Values

Practices

Activities

LEVELS of OPENNESS

OEP (Open Educational

Practices)

OER (Open Educational

Resources)

Free

Open Admission (e.g. Open Universities)

Ind

ivid

ual

Insti

tutio

nal

“If open is the answer…what is the question?”

Public domain image: New York Public Library

Ontology

Practices

Values• Access text books• Access publicly-funded

resources

• Learn, develop, reflect & share

• Connect, collaborate & debate

• Build & support digital capability

• Empower learners & educators in building digital identities

• Serve the democratic purpose of knowledge construction

• Temper effects of commercialisation

• Maintain academic identity & integrity

• Consider ethics, power, reflexivity, humanity

Resources

• What is ‘open’?• Why not open?

catherinecronin.wordpress.com/2016/03/07/if-open-is-the-answer-what-is-the-question-oer16/

wikieducator.org/GoOPEN

wikieducator.org/GoOPEN

Ehlers (2011)

Hodgkinson-Williams

(2014)

a critical, reflexiveapproach

openness:

Openness is not the opposite of closed-ness, nor is there simply a continuum between the two…

An important question becomes not simply whether education is more or less open, but what forms of openness are worthwhile and for whom; openness alone is not an educational virtue.

Richard Edwards (2015)@RichardEd1

“

The people calling for open are often in positions of privilege, or have reaped the benefits of being open early on – when the platform wasn’t as easily used for abuse, and when we were privileged to create the kinds of networks that included others like us.

sava saheli singh (2015)

@savasavasavahttps://savasavasava.wordpress.com/2015/06/27/the-fallacy-of-open/

“

Balancing privacy & openness

Image: CC BY 2.0 woodleywonderworks

Openness: it’s personal

Will I share / blog / tweet…?

Who will I share with ?

Who will I share as ?

Will I share this ?

MACRO

MESO

MICRO

NANO

digital identity context collapse“You’re negotiating all the time.”

Roadmap for Building Digital Capacity@ForumTL

Digital Capability Model @Jisc @helenbeetham

The barrier to participation is not the technology but the kinds of privilege that are often ignored in meritocratic discourse.

dana boyd @zephoria

Jenkins, Ito & boyd (2016) Participatory Culture in a Networked

Era

“

openNot universally experienced

Complex & contextualRequires digital capability & agency

Both descriptive & aspirationalCritical discourse is essential

“Move from access to equity & justice” (McMillan Cottom, 2015)

Thank you!Catherine Cronin@catherinecronin

about.me/catherinecronin

slideshare.net/cicronin

Image: CC BY 2.0 visualpanic

References & Bibliography (1 of 2)

Beetham, Helen (2015) Revisiting digital capability for 2015. Jisc.

Beetham, Helen, I. Falconer, L. McGill, A. Littlejohn (2012) Open Practices: Briefing Paper. Jisc.

Cottom, Tressie McMillan (2015) Open and Accessible to What and for Whom? Blog.

Czerniewicz, L. (2015) Confronting inequitable power dynamics of global knowledge  production and exchange. Water Wheel 14(5), pp. 26-28.

Edwards, Richard (2015) Knowledge infrastructures and the inscrutability of openness in education. Learning, Media and Technology 40(3), pp. 251-264.

Ehlers, U.-D. (2011). Extending the territory: From open educational resources to open educational practices. Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning, 15(2), pp. 1–10.

Hodgkinson-Williams, C. (2014) Degrees of ease: Adoption of OER, open textbooks and MOOCs in the Global South. OER Asia Symposium.

Jenkins, Henry, et al. (2007). Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. Chicago: MacArthur Foundation.

References & Bibliography (2 of 2)

Jenkins, Henry, Mizuko Ito & danah boyd (2016) Participatory Culture in a Networked Era. Cambridge: Polity Press.

National Forum for Teaching & Learning in Higher Education (2015) Developing a Roadmap for Building Digital Capacity. National Forum Report.

sing, sava saheli (2015) The Fallacy of “Open”. savasavasava blog.

Stewart, Bonnie (2015) Open to influence: What counts as academic influence in scholarly networked Twitter participation. Learning, Media and Technology 40(3), pp. 1-23.

Veletsianos, George & Kimmons, Royce (2012) Networked participatory scholarship: Emergent techno-cultural pressures toward open and digital scholarship in online networks. Computers & Education, 58(2), pp. 766–774.