opportunities for collaborative university - industry...
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Opportunities for Collaborative
University - Industry Research in Sustainable Energy
E. Dan Hirleman
Agenda
• UC Merced Overview
• University-Industry Partnerships
• Nanotech/Energy Research at UCM
Serving California’s Future The Genesis of UC Merced UC Merced
Only Research University created 21st Cent.
Access to UC-level education in underserved area (SJV) for underrepresented populations
Regional economic growth & diversification
Ag Water
Energy
Ira J Chrisman Pumping Plant DWR, Mettler, CA http://aquafornia.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2008/08/pumps-going-up.jpg
@ Nexus of Ag, Water, Energy
San Joaquin
Valley
UC Merced
SoE 113 G 1,169 UG
18,115 UG apps ~1,700 slots
2007
1871
2005
875
2011
5198
2009
3414
2008
2718
4381
2010
51.7% UG SoE/SNS
5760
2012
6195
2013 2006
1286 1286
UC Access - Serving California’s Future Fall 2013 - Undergraduates
Central Valley, 38.1%
Southern California,
34.5%
Northern California,
26.9%
62% First Generation (55% Engineering) 62% Pell Eligible (55% Engineering)
Hispanic-Serving Institution (U.S. Department of Education)
UC Access - Serving California’s Future Fall 2013 – Engineering (All) Undergraduates
African-American
4.5% (6.3%)
Two or more Races, 5.0%
(4.1%) Other /
Unknown, 5.6% (5.2%)
White, 18.3% (15.2%)
Asian, 27.7% (25.3%)
Hispanic, 38.8%
(43.9%)
Sustainability & UCM
One megawatt SUNPOWER solar array on 8.5 acres providing 20% of campus power and 60% of peak demand at 40% below peak power costs
Only US campus with all buildings LEED certified
University-Industry Partnerships?
WHY? • Inform/Influence Research & Education
• Targeted Recruiting
• Fill an Expertise Gap
• Acquire Knowledge/information for Problem Solving
• Funding
NSF Innovation Investments (Dr. Tom Peterson, UCM)
• Accept sponsored targeted graduate fellowships
• Centers with industrial members
• Industry-on-site arrangements – Industry Labs in Universities
• Flexible faculty consulting – Grant + consulting + student internship
• Encourage student and faculty leaves – Visiting faculty & Internships
Effective Practices (Dr. Joe Gordon, AMAT, UCM EAB)
• IP Rights
• Indemnification
• Publication Control
• Gifts vs. Grants (Control)
• Short Tethers on Students (by faculty)
Challenges to Work Through (Dr. Joe Gordon, AMAT, UCM EAB)
Collaboration Models:
Three Case Studies
UC Solar • UC Merced Lead Institution (Prof. Roland
Winston) • Nonimaging optics • Solar concentration • Solar cooling • Solar forecasting • Nanotech for PV • Harness UV spectrum
Consortium for Metrology of Semiconductor Nanodefects
Inspection Tool Manufacturers
ADE, KLA-Tencor, Hamamatsu-Inspex OSI, Applied Materials
Silicon Suppliers Sumitomo
Chip Makers AMD, Intel,
(SEMATECH)
Calibration Materials, Methods and Standards
Duke Scientific, VLSI Standards (ASTM, ISO, NIST, SEMI)
Process Tool Manufacturers Applied Materials
(Lawrence Liv. Nat. Lab)
Innovation and Design Clinic • Interdisciplinary teams • Design, build, demonstrate project • Innovation & tech transfer mindset • Project Management, P/C/FDR, IP, Ethics • Mentored & sponsored experience • Students in IDC assign IP
2013 IDC Projects:
• Real-time Water Monitoring Network (DWR)
• UAV Sensing of Pipeline Leaks (PG&E)
• Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Reduction (Grundfos)
• Biogas Purification System (Hilmar)
• Salt Recycling Management for SJV (DWR)
• Process Water Recycling (E&J Gallo)
• SJV Soil Salinity Mapping using UAVs (MESA)
• Heat Rejection using Irrigation Canal (UCM)
• Automated Microgrid Demand Response (LLNL)
Faculty Research:
Nanotech / Energy
Nanoelectrodes: Direct growth of C nanofibers on Cu (Prof. Jennifer Lu)
Sonication time (Min) 0 30 60 Cu to Cu
Contact Resistance (Ω) 6.5 4.8 5.7 4.4
-0.1
0
0.1
-0.4 0 0.4
Cur
rent
(A)
Potential (v)
Cu-CNF-no-s
Cu-CNF-30m-s
Cu-CNF-60m-s
Current collector
0.2 µm
Excellent contact with low ohmic loss Tuning catalyst for a well-defined and upright carbon nanofiber (CNF) array
Agile Thermal Switch (Prof. Jennifer Lu)
Conformational change
40% Shrinkage
- Low energy, i.e. NIR or thermal stimulation induces contraction - Intrinsically reversible - No UV damage (as opposed to azobenzene photoisomerization)
NNH
O O
H
NNH
O O
H
S-dibenzocyclooctadiene
Twist Boat: Global minimum Chair: Local minimum
J. Lu “Large negative thermal expansion of a polymer driven by a submolecular conformational change”, Nature Chemistry, Available online, DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1780.
(b)
(d)
(f)
(a)
(c)
(e)
YSZ preparation Masking electrolyte
Plasma cleaning Dropping electrode solution
Drying and re-dropping Removing the mask
(g)
A symmetric cell
Drop casting procedure for graphene based electrodes on a Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte (Prof. Min Lee)
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0103
104
105
106
107
108
rGO NrGO140 NrGO180 NrGO300 Au Pt ref. Pt
Rct [Ω
cm2 ]
1000/T [K-1]
T [°C]
Performance comparison from EIS results, Results from platinum-based cell shown as reference. (Prof. Min Lee)
Temperature of interest
400°C 250°C
0 2 4 6 80
200
400
600
800
1000
1200 NrGO180 rGO PtR
ct /
Rct
-initi
al [%
]
Time [hour]
Durability with time. Graphene-based electrodes showed superior durability over platinum. (Prof. Min Lee)
Prof. Vincent Tung
25% strain 40% strain
Prof. Vincent Tung
Prof. Vincent Tung
Bulk Si Defects
Shape – in bulk Si octahedron formed by (111) facets
Edge length along [110] ≅ 100 nm Density ≅ 5 × 106 cm–3 Cause – oxygen impurities during
Czocralski (CZ) crystal growth Exposed during processing
3 mm
482 nm PSL spheres on SRC/SEMATECH Defect
Standard Si wafer. Features are 250 nm
thick SiO2
Contamination Particles on Patterned Surfaces
Nanofeature Metrology Challenges
Scattering by Features on (and in) Filmed Substrate
• Discrete-dipole approx. DDSURF DDSUB
• Nonspherical, inhomogeneous features
• Sommerfeld integrals account for film
i j
Incident Field
Direct Interaction
DDSURF: Interactive Scatter
DDSURF (Iterative procedure to satisfy the governing Maxwell Equations)
CREATAR – configures dipole lattice array DDSURF – calculates the internal field FFSURF – calculates the external field
(a) feature only
(b) SiO2 200-nm thick “L” feature with 0.482 µm PSL sphere on a silicon surface
Scattering by Features on a Substrate
E. J. Bawolek, J. B. Mohr, E. D. Hirleman, and A. Majumdar, "Light Scatter from Polysilicon and Aluminum Surfaces and Comparison with Roughness Statistics by AFM", Applied Optics, V. 32, pp. 3377-3400 (1993).
R. Schmehl, B. Nebeker, and E. D. Hirleman, "The Coupled-dipole Method for Scattering by Particles on Surfaces Using a 2-D FFT Technique," Journal of the Optical Society of America: A, V. 14, pp. 3026-3036 (1997).
DWN, 0.3um
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Oxide thickness (A)
Nor
mal
ized
inte
nsity
(NPP
M)
DDFILMSP1 calibration
300 nm PSL sphere on SiO2
film on Si
Thank you!
and
Questions?
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