other translation procedures
Post on 07-Apr-2015
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Teacher: Mrs. Yen
Presenters: Doan Thuy Trang
Nguyen Thu Trang
Vu Thi Trang (218)
PDU @ 2010
Method Method &&
proceduresprocedures
ProceduresProcedures Notes, additions,Notes, additions,GlossesGlosses
The other translation procedures
The difference between translation methodsand translation procedures:
“While translation methods relate to whole texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language.“
Newmark (1988)
TRANSFERENCE (loan word/transcription/borrowing)
Transference is the process of transferring a SL word to a TL text as a translation procedure.
transliteration transcription
The transferre
d word
names of newspapers, private companies & institutionsgeographical names
street names, addressestitles of plays, films
new technical terms that do not
have equivalents in the source language
• NOTES:
Where appropriate, a cultural-neutral TL third term, i.e. a functional equivalent should be added.
• Examples?
Eg: Hollywood, blog, web, Internet, The Times
some particular
stylistic effect
In regional novels & essays
Create?
Naturalization:
adapts
the SL word1 then
the normal pronunciatio
n
the normal morphology
TL
Eg: Nobel -> Nô ben Obama: Ô-ba-ma Dollar: đôla Elizabeth: A-li-za-bét
Cultural equivalent
The SL cultural word or expression is translated by a TL cultural word based on its equivalent in the TL. Their translation uses are limited since they are not accurate.
-Eg: Klemlin -> ChÝnh quyÒn Nga White House -> ChÝnh quyÒn Liªn Bang Mü Will the Pentagon decide to terminate the program? LiÖu Bé Quèc Phßng Mü cã quyÕt ®Þnh ngõng ch ¬ng trinh nµy kh«ng?
Functional equivalent?
Descriptive equivalent
The meaning of the
original word is explained
in several words.
This procedure is often used
with transference to translate a cultural word or expression.
Eg: Ipod -> M¸y nghe nh¹c Ipod To attend the barbecue, you must have
a studentID. DÓ ® îc dù tiÖc barbecue (b a tiÖc ngoµi trêi,®å n íng ® îc n íng trªn bÕp còng ®Æt ngoµi trêi), anh phai mang theo thÎ sinh viªn.
SYNONYMYSYNONYMY
A near TL equivalent
" Here economy precedes accuracy.” (Newmark)
Ex: Personne gentile → kind person
THROUGH-TRANSLATION (calque /loan translation)
Literal translati
on
Literal translati
on
names of organizations
PhrasesPhrases
Throughtranslatio
n
Through-translation should be used only when they are already recognised terms.
Ex: WTO World Trade Organisation = Tổ Chức Thương mại Thế giới
components of compounds
components of compounds
Common collocations
Common collocations
Word form &
position
GrammaticGrammatical changesal changesfrom SL to from SL to
TL TL
Literal translation
may not accord with
natural usage in the
TL
An SL grammatical
does not exist in the
TL
The replacement of a virtual lexical gap
by a grammatical
structure.
Trousers => cái quần
Equipment=> des équipements
Trousers => cái quần
Equipment=> des équipements
Beautiful girl => cô gái xinh đẹpBeautiful girl => cô gái xinh đẹp
An SL
grammatical
does not
exist in the
TL
looks for other options that
help conveying the meaning
of the ST
Ex: Ex:
Working with you is a pleasure
verb-noun (le travail, die Arbeit)
a subordinate clause (`when, if, etc. I work with you)
Ex: Ex: The details of the scandal are now common knowledge. => Giê thì ai còng biÕt chi tiÕt cña vô xì căng ®an nµy.
An SL
grammatical
does not
exist in the
TL
PDU @-2010
Examples related to passive
voice cau chu ngu gia?
Literal translation may not
accord with natural usage in the
TL
Literal translation may not
accord with natural usage in the
TL
Ex:
Après sa sortie. => After he'd gone out.
Ex:
Si lui est aimable, sa femme est arrogante.
=> He is (may be) very pleasant, but his wife is arrogant.
=> He is pleasant; his wife, however, is arrogant.
•The replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical
structure. • Complex sentences can
normally converted to a co-ordinate sentence or to 2 simple
sentences.
•The replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical
structure. • Complex sentences can
normally converted to a co-ordinate sentence or to 2 simple
sentences.
Other translation procedures
Transpositionsfrequent tension
between grammar
& stress
Translate with a lexical
synonymy , retain the
word order and forgo
the transposition
illustrate
Preserve stress
•a change in point of view that allows us to express the same phenomenon in a different way
•occurs when there is a change of perspective accompanied with a lexical change in the TL
- The vase is not totally worthless.~ The vase is totally valuable.
=> This procedure should better be avoided unless it is necessary for the naturalness of the translation.
The “negated contrary”
=> the appropriateness of the “negated contrary” modulation procedure must depend on the formulation and the context.
Other modulation procedures
Other modulation procedures
22
RECOGNISED TRANSLATION
Translators normally use the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term. the accepted term will be a brief explanation
Ex: White House David Camp
Translators normally use the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term. the accepted term will be a brief explanation
Ex: White House David Camp
- a provisional translation, usually of a new institutional term,
which should be made in quotation marks
- could be done through LT
- a provisional translation, usually of a new institutional term,
which should be made in quotation marks
- could be done through LT
TRANSLATION LABEL
- occur when loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic
effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part, or in a
contiguous sentence.
- occur when loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic
effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part, or in a
contiguous sentence.
COMPENSATION
To split up a lexical unit into its sense components
Ex: father ~ male, married, parents…
To split up a lexical unit into its sense components
Ex: father ~ male, married, parents…
COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS
REDUCTION AND
EXPANSION
adding or removing elements in the TL in order to re-express an idea because the correspondence in the TL cannot be expressed concisely
practise intuitively in some cases => rather imprecise translation procedures
Ex: REDUCTION (CONCENTRATION) - science politique ~ politics adj + N ~ general N
REDUCTION AND
EXPANSION
OTHER PROCEDURES
Supply of additional information in the form of bottom of page, end of chapter, glossaries at the end of the text, or within the text
The additional information is cultural, technical, linguistic and depends on the requirement of the translator to the original, readership.
Supply of additional information in the form of bottom of page, end of chapter, glossaries at the end of the text, or within the text
The additional information is cultural, technical, linguistic and depends on the requirement of the translator to the original, readership.
NOTES, ADDITIONS, GLOSSES
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