payment for ecosystem services pilot implementation in mae sa-kog ma biosphere reserve

Payment for Ecosystem Services Pilot Implementation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve

USAID Lowering Emissions in Asia’s Forests (LEAF)

Model Actions Demonstrated - Improved livelihoods

Policy and Market Incentives - Enabling Conditions

Human and Institutional Capacity Strengthened - Increased individual and institutional capacity - Increased gender equality, inclusion and leadership

Regional Platforms & Partners Strengthened to Catalyze and Sustain Change

Replication

Innovations and models shared

ReplicationReplication

The goal of the Lowering Emissions in Asia’s Forests (LEAF) Program “To achieve meaningful and sustainable reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the forestry-land use sector in Asia”

UNESCO – Man and Biosphere Program(MAB)

• Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency (TICA) proposed for LEAF to focus its activities in Man and the Biosphere (MAB) sites, call

Biosphere Reserve

• Main government counterpart in Thailand is the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP).

• Seville Strategy:• Three functions of the MAB

– Conservation: protection of genetic resources, species, landscapes and ecosystems

– Development: Foster sustainable economic and human development

– Logistical support: demonstration projects, research, education, and training

Guiding Frameworks: Seville Strategy

Guiding Frameworks: Seville Strategy

• Further elaboration on zoning– Core Zone– Buffer Zone– Transition Zone

Guiding Frameworks: Madrid Action Plan

Emerging role of biosphere reserves in addressing these challenges According to the Madrid Action Plan (2008)

1) Climate change, 2) Provision of ecosystem services, and 3) Rapid urbanization as a driver of environmental change

• Establish in 1977

• 420 square kilometers

• Four Sub-districts in Chiang Mai

• 2 main Watershed: Mae Sa & Kog Ma

• 3 National Parks (DNP)

• Forest Reserve Area (RFD)

• Communities area and various land-

use types

Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve

Number Zoning in the MAB % Area

1 Core Area 52.62 Buffer Zone 20.93 Transition Zone 26.5

TOTAL 100

Principles in the management area boundary Of Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve

1) Core Area: The main areas to conserve biodiversity in the long term and is an area that is protected by law. The role of the core area is the service area of ecosystems, collection carbon dioxide. Improve soil, water and air quality.

2) Buffer Area: An area for activities such as participation in ecological ecotourism, recreation and research. The role of the buffer area is reduce the impact of human activities and connected to the area of biodiversity in the future.

3) Transition Area: Area is focused on the development of habitats. Occupations for settlement and agriculture.

Theme 1: Awareness raising and capacity building on management planning of MSKM-MAB: Training; Community awareness raising, engagement and participation.

IDENTIFIED KEY SUPPORT THEMES IN MAE SA-KOG MA BIOSPHERE RESERVE

IDENTIFIED KEY SUPPORT THEMES IN MAE SA-KOG MA BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Theme 2: Model development for natural resource and forest management to reduce GHG emissions:

- Community-Based Fire Management and emissions reductions

- Reforestation and conservation activities

- and Participatory resource management models and guidelines that allow for the reduction of GHG emissions and improving ecosystem services under Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES).

IDENTIFIED KEY SUPPORT THEMES IN MAE SA-KOG MA BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Theme 3: Advocacy and local policy development Evaluating of lessons learned from implementation to build confidence in the development of appropriate and sustainable local agreements, guidelines and rules.

Mae Sa-Kog Ma Management Plan

• Integrate effective participatory management planning for MSKM-MAB to reducing emissions by addressing deforestation and degradation of forest ecosystem.

• Development of pilot-PES and test in MSKM-MAB is one key activity in the management plan

MSKM PES pilot Timeline

I. Pre - Implementation (2011 – 2013)

II. Pilot - Implementation (2014 – 2016)

MSKM PES pilot Timeline

I. Pre - Implementation (2011 – 2013)

• Establish PES – TWG and identified LEAF demonstration site

• PES – TWG attended Lam Dong Study Tour (2012)

• Recruit ‘PES - project Officer’

• Land Tenure and Policy Assignment for PES in MSKM-MAB

• USAID LEAF and DNP Mae Sa-Kog Ma Kick Off

MSKM PES pilot Timeline

I. Pre - Implementation (2011 – 2013)

• USAID, LEAF HAPPEN and CBFCM promoting PES in Mae Sa Catchment

• Support Capacity Building to stakeholder on PES topics through regional

training workshop

• MSKM-MAB management Plan identified PES as pilot activity

• Ecosystem Services Valuation in MSKM

• Initial collaboration with Private Sectors

MSKM PES pilot Timeline

II. Pilot - Implementation (2014 – 2016)

• Gathering relevant data to support pilot site selection process

• Finalized PES pilot site in MSKM

• Stakeholders, Buyers, Sellers, identified and Consultation Meeting

• Negotiation with stakeholders , design PES agreement, and payment

mechanism

• Establish PES agreement and launch implementation

MSKM PES Pilot Timeline

II. Pilot - Implementation (2014 – 2016)

• Monitoring and evaluation and reporting of the pilot PES implementation

• Sharing lesson learned and proposed enabling policy /legal framework

that scaling up PES implementation in the long term.

DEVELOPMENT OF PES-TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP

• Protected area regional 16 staffs (Chiang Mai) and stakeholders inside MSKM MSKM-MAB management working group LEAF – DNP technical working group

PES study tour in Lam Dong, Vietnam (2012)

LAND TENURE AND POLICY ASSESSMENT FOR PES IN MSKM-MAB

• Policy and institutional challenges for PES implementation in the Reserve

• Policy related to rights in land and ecosystem services in Northern Thailand

• Regulatory and institutional arrangement for PES

• Enabling legal framework for long-term PES implementation

Mae Sa-Kog Ma Kick OffCollaborative development network and working framework to guide the development of LEAF in the Mae Sa-Kog Ma Man and Biosphere Reserve

Present the LEAF program to key stakeholders in the Mae Sa-Kog Ma Biosphere Reserve (MAB)

Mae Sa-Kog Ma Kick Off

Discuss and seek comments on potential areas for LEAF support, including the following:

• Protected and Transition Zone Participatory Management

• Community engagement and participation

• Capacity building and awareness raising

• Fire management and greenhouse gas emissions

• Reforestation and Revegetation

• Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Promoting PES in Mae Sa Catchment

• USAID-LEAF, HAPPEN, and CBFCM

• Integrated PES in Participatory Catchment Management Plan

Capacity Building on PES (2013)

Mae Sa-Kog Ma Management Plan

• MSKM-MAB management Plan identified PES as pilot project (2013 – 2015)

Mae Sa-Kog Ma MA Strategies

1. Preserve and protect MAB MSKM by participatory approach

2. Develop collaborative mechanism in management of natural resources and access to

using of resources in MSKM

3. Promote learning process and awareness to community and wider public on value of MSKM

4. Strengthening mechanism in management for MAB MSKM

Sub strategy: 4.3 Develop funding mechanism for ecosystem services such as PES funding

5. Develop data based and research for MAB MSKM management

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

• Ecosystem services valuation survey

• Group of Respondents in side MSKM: - Communities sample

• Contingent valuation using Questionnaire

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

Response Count20

22

24

26

28

30

28

30

2726

Which Ecosystem Services have benefits to your communities ?

Provisioning Services

Regulating Services

Supporting Services

Cultural Services

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

Ecosystem services have many values contribute to environment economic and livelihoods. Please choose how these values are important to you

• Ecological/Environmental values

• Economic values

• Cultural values

• Social values

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

Clean Air Clean Water Fertile Soil Biodiversity Fauna and Flora Habitat

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

710

1316

10

2320

17

1115

35

Ecological/Environmental values

Not important at all Not so important Quite importantVery important Extremely important

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

Increasing Agricul-tural Products

Household Fuelwood Increasing income from Non-Timber Forest Products

Generate income from Ecotourism

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

12

69

1418

4 3

8

13

1

69

3

13

64

Economic values

Not important at all Not so important Quite important Very important Extremely important

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 13 3

1

75

20

1411

1612

6

13

18

6

13

Cultural values

Not important at all Not so important Quite important Very importantExtremely important

Ecosystem Valuation in Mae Sa-Kog Ma

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 1 25

1214 14

1614

1714 15

1210

Social values

Not important at all Not so important Quite important Very importantExtremely important

13a. If there is an agreement in the sub-district level that every month all households within Mae Sa watershed have to spend 100 THB from monthly household net income to pay for the ecosystem services values. How would you allocate your 100 THB for these values? (You might spend 100 THB in any way you like, but your total payment will not exceed 100 THB. For example, You might spend all 100 THB for one value, or you might spend 50 THB on one value, 25 THB for 1 value and 25 THB for yet another value. Remember the total THB you spend is equal 100 THB)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

243238

121152

182157

190205

730122

140110

Historic value

Social value

Climate Regulation value

Environmental value

Therapeutic value

Future value

Learning value

Cultural value

Recreational value

Aesthetic value

Economic value

Biodiversity value

From the total 100 THB I would like to pay …

Payment offer Count0

5

10

15

20

25

14 14

10

1312

13 1312

23

1112

7

Biodiversity value

Economic value

Aesthetic value

Recreational value

Cultural value

Learning value

Future value

Therapeutic value

Environmental value

Climate Regulation value

Social value

Historic value

13b. If there is an additional option in the agreement state that the monthly

household payment for ecosystem services is voluntary. Would you willing to pay

or not to pay for the ecosystem services?

• 27 chose to Pay while 3 are not willing to pay

Comments: - There should be a clear information provide to the communities how the paid money will use to protect ecosystem - payment amount should be base on household net income - People who cannot pay could do ecosystem friendly practice / forest protection activity. - Could not make decision to participate due to limited right to manage forest

048

121620

1513 13

18 17

Completely no Influence Hardly Influence Quite Influence Pretty much Influence Extremely Influence

• Influenced factors to participate in Carbon – PES scheme

Challenge in Survey and Implication

• Limited time and resources to do survey across the whole MAB

• Design PES capacity Building for the pilot scheme

• Present and discuss survey outcome with TWG and privates sectors for pilot site selection and identify stakeholders

Private Sector: Initial Collaboration

Name of Private Sector Type of BusinessAirports of Thailand (AOT) - Chiang Mai Commercial AviationThe Chiang Mai Chamber of Commerce Business and Investment NetworkChiang Mai Tourism Business Association Tourism Business Network

COMPASS Magazines, Chiang Mai - S.P. Publishing Group Co., Ltd

Local Publishing

Mae Sa Elephant Camp Tourism OperatorThai Hotels Association Northern Chapter Hotel/Resort Tourism Business NetworkTipco Foods (Thailand) PCL Agricultural/Agroindustry

Private Sector: Initial Collaboration

• Network of Business/private sector both inside/outside MAB in PES Scheme

• Adapt CRS approach with PES

• Establish Funding Mechanism

• Create public awareness campaign to support funding

Proposal for Pilot PES Implementation

• USAID LEAF and DNP, PES-TWG step forward for pilot PES 2014-2015

Potential Pilot Site

• Core and Buffer Area of MSKM MAB: National Park

• Watershed / Catchment Scale

PES Core

“PES-like” Schemes

PES Core

Watershed

Carbon Sequestration

BiodiversityTourism

• Bundle Services Scheme

Protect watershed Forest

Enhance Carbon Stock decrease emission including Smoke in dry season

Protect BiodiversityPromote Tourism

Benefits and Income

Suggest Institutional arrangement

Sub-District Administration Office

Governmental authorities (DNP)

Ecosystem Services Provider

Ecosystem Services Beneficiaries

PES Committee- Negotiation of

Agreement, Financial management, Monitoring

Payment

Secure Ecosystem ServicesPayment

Technical Support

Implementation Challenges

1. Insufficient understanding and misunderstanding of PES concepts between stakeholders. Awareness raising to date has not covered all relevant sectors in thepotential pilot sites.

2. require a substantial amount of supporting baseline data during the negotiation and decision process for the payment scheme.

3. Finding potential buyers from the beneficiaries will be challenging, Funding mechanism for the pilot scheme will also be difficult to predict.

Expected Outcomes of Pilot-PES for MSKM

• Establish a system of PES innovation by incorporating engagement with local communities, the private sector and government to develop a transparent pilot payment scheme

• Ensures equality in benefit sharing from an identified ecosystem services such as watershed, and carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, to both providers and beneficiaries.

• Local communities are expected to gain benefits from payment allocation or support activities identified in the pilot scheme.

• Lessons learned and policy recommendations will enable a legal framework to support long term implementation.

• Scaling up of PES innovation will also benefit other countries in Southeast Asia, such as Laos, through study tour exchanges and sharing lessons learned via the regional platform.

Thank You !!

For more Information visit

http://www.leafasia.org/

Resources : Payment for Ecosystem Services

http://www.leafasia.org/resource_by_topic/185