pbsky rocket project
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Chemical RocketLab Report
Kanin Jaroensattayatham 5861045
Natthawit Kittipatra 5861076
Nitit kaveevorasart 5861080
Salisa Simaroj 5861136
Kochakorn Thangsombat 5861307
Section 11-01
General Chemistry
Mahidol University International Demonstration School
Lecture Instructor: Ms. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom
A B S T R A C T
O B J E C T I V E
I N T R O D U C T I O N
0 2
2 1
S U G G E S T I O N 2 4
C A L C U L A T I O N2 3
0 3
0 4
M A T E R - I A L S
0 7
M E T H O D
1 5
R E S U L T
2 0
C O N C L U - S I O N
2 5 2 6
R E F E R E - N C E
D I S C U S S I O N
CONTENTST A B L E O F
In the experiment, an accurate that the rocket can accomplish is about 2 out of
5 which is 40 percent accuracy. The problem of this experiment is about the rocket launcher that not strong enough
and make the error in launching. Moreover, the most influence factor of
the flying performance is the wind force of each day.
Abstract
2
Objective
The purposes of this experiment are to
learn to calculate the ratio of the amount of reactants due to the
distance of the targetand learn to invent
things, solve problems during the experiment, and to be able to work
in a group.
3
Introduction
4
One of the popular rocket that you may have seen dispatch is the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's) Space Shuttle, appeared in
Figure 1 underneath. The Space Shuttle did operational flights for a long time, from 1981 to 2011. It had three main
parts: the orbiter (a winged "space-plane" which held the space travelers and
various types of payload), the expansive, dim orange-shaded outer fuel tank, and
two strong rocket promoters. At dispatch, the two strong rocket
promoters, alongside the orbiter's three principle motors, would control the liftoff.
Figure 1: Rocket machines on spacecrafts, similarly NASA's Space Shuttle (shown here), using the chemical reaction in order to launch the spacecraft also known as combustion. According to this picture, on the right,
you can see the Space Shuttle and its three other main parts consist of: orbiter (the white winged plane in the
middle), the large external fuel tank (behind the orbiter), and two solid rocket boosters (also behind the
orbiter, on the left and right sides).
5
To mix the ammunition and oxidizer together perfectly is really difficult. However, in this project, you will play a role as a rocket
scientist, but instead of using rocket ammunition and oxidizers, you will use baking soda and vinegar which if we mix baking soda and vinegar unitedly it will create a chemical reaction that can drive a
small-scale rocket. From acid and base in chemistry class, the reaction produces water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the
chemical that causes the soda becomes fizzy and bubbly. So this is the reason why can you observe lots of bubbles when you mix baking soda and vinegar unitedly. We then combine vinegar and baking soda
into "Crystal Water Bottle," then take advantage of the pressure made by carbon dioxide gas in the "Est Water Bottle" which will drive our "Crystal Water Bottle" spacecraft. When the pressure (or force being used against the inside of the Est Water Bottle by carbon
dioxide gas) is high enough, the "Crystal Water Bottle" lid will jump out then the rocket will launch.
During combustion, new mixes are made, and these are called the exhaust. Meanwhile, an enormous amount of heat is produced caused
by combustion. Combustion is an exothermic reaction which it produces energy, in the form of heat or light. Conjointly, combustion
in the spacecraft's rockets produces great amounts of exhaust gas at high temperatures and pressure. The pressurized hot gases are
driven out of the bottom of the rocket. Thus, the spacecraft is pushed up. This is an excellent example for Newton Third Laws of Motion,
every action; there is an equal and opposite reaction.
6
Materials
After we did the experiment, we found out thematerials that we really need for our project which are listed below including 3 main parts
which are rocket, launcher, and fuel.
7
Rocket Part
We used empty drinking water bottles the size of 1.5 liters or 50.72 ounces
for the body of the rocket.
Bottle
WoodThere are three pieces of thin wooden plate that were cut cut equally in triangle shape as the picture shown below.
These wooden pieces serve as the wings to provide
aerodynamic and balance to the rocket.
8
Paper
The plastic sheet is used to cover the wood and paper parts of the rocket and the launcher to prevent from them from
getting wet and soft.
We used the paper to cover the bottle and make it
prepared to be painted and decorated with the colors.
Plastic Sheet
Like the other part, the colors we used are based on the design that we planned for
before and we used this kind of color to make sure that it will not fade or vanish when contacted with liquid during
the experiment.
Color Spray
9
Tape and GlueIn order to join thing together properly, we choose whether tape or glue is more suitable
for each of the materials used. Even which types of glue
or tape also needs to be considered.
We used the cap to cover the end of the rocket after baking soda was applied and waiting to be
launched on the launcher. We had to make sure that the cap was
not too tight so that it can come out on its own after the chemical
reaction inside the rocket.
Rubber Cap
1 0
Launcher Part
We need two big wooden plates, one to be the base on the ground and one with the
hinge. This also includes another middle size one as a stopper as well as the other
two smaller pieces to block the rocket to be in its position.
Wood
We used the sheet to prevent the wood to be too wet and
become soft. This also helps with the cushion and decoration.
Rubber Cork
Sheet
1 1
Launcher Part
The hinge is used to make the launcher adjustable with the angle to produce an accurate position of the rocket when
falling onto the target.
Hinge
Like the glue and tape, we used these tools to join and fix the parts of the launcher
together especially at the hinge that should be fixed to
the base to prevent the mistakes about the angle of
launching.
Screw and
Screwdriver
1 2
Fuel Part
We use this a material to create fuel when mixed
with the other substance which is vinegar
Baking Soda
We use this as a chemical substance to mix with baking
soda
Vinegar
1 3
CO 2
We used the thin tissue paper as cartridge which will contain a certain amount of baking soda to be placed inside the body of rocket half filled
with vinegar before closing the rubber cap. This is for extending the reaction time to be a little bit slower
for us to place the rocket in its position on the launcher.
Tissue Paper
1 4
When these two
substances are
mixed together,
the acid-base
reaction will
occur. It will
produce carbon
dioxide which
make the rocket
launch.
1 5
Methods
The methods is divided into 4 parts which are
Rocket Part
Launcher Part
Fuel Part
Launcher Process
Rocket Part
1 6
First of all, we cut the wood to a small piece for our wings. Next, build a cone by using a paper.
Then combine a cone and wood with water bottle by using glue gun, and duct tape. Finally, we use the plastic to cover the rocket in order
to protect the rocket from the chemical.
Launcher Part
1 7
Firstly, cut the wood into a 2 big rectangle and 1 small rectangular. Then, attatch 2 big
rectangular by using nails and hinges. Next attach the small rectangular into the launcher plates. Finally, cover the small rectangle with
the plastic bag.
Fuel Part
1 8
Weight the baking soda, and vinegar. Poor baking soda into the bottle, and
alson packing the baking
soda into the tissue.
Launching Process
1 9
Stick the pack of baking soda with the cork. Then put it into the rocket as tight as you can.
Flip the rocket and quickly put it on the launcher. Runaway from the rocket. Record the data.
RESULT
2 0
Discussion
2 1
This the equation of the chemical reaction in this experiment
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(l) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) +
CH3COONa-(aq)
In this reaction, the best reactant is 25.98 gram of sodium
bicarbonate(baking soda) and 300 ml of acetic
acid(vinegar). The reaction between vinegar and baking
soda forms three products which are carbon dioxide(CO2),
water(H2O), sodium(Na), and sodium acetate( CH3COONa-).
As the gas form in the chemical reaction,We can use that
advantage to create a gas fuel for the rocket by closing the
rocket with rubber cap. When you close the bottle with the
rubber cap, you prevent the CO2 from immediately escaping
the bottle. This causes a rapid increase of pressure inside
the bottle. The pressure eventually gets to the point that the
rubber stopper can no longer contain the gases and make
the explosion which will push the rocket forward.
The fuel that used in the experiment will has a same ratio of
reactant. In another hand we will use a different amount of
reactant each trial to see that which amount is the most
accurate. The problem of this experiment is the launcher is
not strong enough to keep the angle accurate. Moreover, the
wind of each day is not stable. This issues can be fixed by
improve our launcher and choose a time that wind is the
most stable.
Discussion
2 2
Vinegar(300ml)[CH3COOH] 1 mol of CH3COOH = 12 + 3 + 12+(16x2) + 1 = 60 gram =
molecular weight *vinegar has 5 percent of acetic acid
100 ml of vinegar = 5g of CH3COOH = 0.083 mole 300 ml of vinegar = (300x5)/100 =15 g of CH3COOH
60 g of acetic acid = 1 mole of CH3COOH 15 g of acetic acid = 0.25 mole of CH3COOH
Baking soda(25.98g)[NaHCO3] 1 mol of NaHCO3 = 23 +1+12+(16x3) =n 84 grams
25.98 gram = 25.98/84 = 0.3 mole of NaHCO3
Reagent 1 mole of CH3COOH = 1 mole of CO2
0.25 mole of CH3COOH = 0.25 mole of CO2
1 mole of NaHCO3 = 1 mole of CO2 0.3 mole of NaHCO3 = 0.3 mole of CO2
Therefore the limiting reagent is vinegar and excess reagent is baking soda.
We found out that the best ratio that we
used is putting 350 mL of vinegar with
30 grams of Baking soda. But, it goes a
bit too far from the rocket. So, we still
use the same ratio but in the less
amount. We slowly lower the amount of
the reactants until we find the best
combination for our group which we use
300 mL of vinegar with 26 grams. We
got this number from doing just a simple
math which is shown below :
350 mL of Vinegar 30 g. Of Baking soda
300 mL of Vinegar (300*30) ÷ 350 =
25.71 which is around 26 grams.
Calculation
2 3
Conclusion
The power of the combination
of baking soda and vinegar
pushes the rocket towards the
target. The distance that is
covered depends on the
amount of reactants which is
calculated in ratio. Finally, wind
is the important factor that
involves in this project.
2 4
We found out that the best ratio that we
used is putting 350 mL of vinegar with
30 grams of Baking soda. But, it goes a
bit too far from the rocket. So, we still
use the same ratio but in the less
amount. We slowly lower the amount of
the reactants until we find the best
combination for our group which we use
300 mL of vinegar with 26 grams. We
got this number from doing just a simple
math which is shown below :
350 mL of Vinegar 30 g. Of Baking soda
300 mL of Vinegar (300*30) ÷ 350 =
25.71 which is around 26 grams.
Calculation
The fuel that used in the experiment will have a same ratio of reactant. In another hand, we will use the different amount of reactant each trial to see that which one is the most suitable. Moreover, our launcher will changes the position depends on the
weather on that day.
Suggestion
2 5
Reference
2 6
Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Chemistry Expert. (2017, February 09). Equation for the Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalreactions/f/What-Is- The-Equation-For-The-Reaction-Between-Baking-Soda- And-Vinegar.htm
Determining the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar by Direct Titration. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ausetute.com.au/
Perry, B. (2016).We’ve Got (Rocket) Chemistry. Retrieved from http://www.ausetute.com.au/
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