perceptions of the yemeni public on living conditions and security -related

PERCEPTIONS OF THE YEMENI PUBLIC ON LIVING CONDITIONS AND SECURITY-RELATED ISSUES

Main findings

May 2017

Funded by the European Union

This survey has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Yemen Polling Center and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. © 2017 Yemen Polling Center. All rights reserved. For further information please contact Hafez Albukari (hafez@yemenpolling.org).

Please cite as follows: Yemen Polling Center (2017): Perceptions of the Yemeni public on living conditions and security-related issues. Survey findings, Sanaa/Aden.

YPC Main Principles & Assumptions on SSR

• Local perceptions on the presence or absence of security determine whether security in fact exists. Any measures in SSR in Yemen must thus take the security concerns of the local population into account.

• States in which the central government is unwilling or unable to provide security to all people require innovative approaches to security sector governance that move beyond a state-centered perspective.

• Disarmament and a reduction of the number of SALW (and their free circulation) in such states can only be achieved once security structures have been established that guarantee accountability, transparency, and rule of law.

• Community security in fragile states may be better attained when communities are involved in the design, management, and—under certain conditions—execution of security provision according to their self-identified needs.

• Such approaches to community security must be embedded in a nation-wide strategy to assure accountability and oversight of security providers.

Sample, Aims, Implementation • implemented as part of YPC‘s IcSP-funded project ‘Re-building Peace and

Security in Yemen’ (duration: 03/2016 – 02/2019)

• 4,000 respondents (50% women) in all governorates except Sa‘da and Socotra

• aims: • to understand the impact of the war on the living conditions of Yemenis • to understand the nature of (in)security on the local level • to understand the nature of security provision on the local level • to understand the necessities and opportunities for peace-making and

stabilization on the local level • to understand the role of „the“ security sector on the local level • to understand the attitudes of the public towards gender-related security issues

• implementation: from February 23 to March 30 by 90 interviewers (male and female) and supervisors

• methodology: simple random sample; face-to-face interviews (for more information on YPC survey methodologies, please visit http://www.yemenpolling.org/consultancy/services1)

Distribution of sample by governorate

How old are you?

What is the highest education level that you completed?

Further Information

• Read charts from right to left!

• Acronyms: • DK = Don‘t know

• RF = Refused to Answer

• Terms: • Aqel = neighbourhood representative

Structure

• Living Conditions

• Personal Safety & War Experience

• Experience with Displacement

• Evaluating the Security Situation

• Security Actors

• Experience with Crime

• Experience with the “Police”

• Gender & Police

• Visions for SSR

• General Assessments, Visions & Beliefs Regarding the Current Situation

Living Conditions

First I would like to ask you about your current situation / family situation. How would you rate it on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being ‘very bad’ and 5 being ‘very good’?

Only female respondents: First I would like to ask you about your current situation / family situation. How would you rate it on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being ‘very bad’ and 5 being ‘very good’?

For your personal life, what issue is of greatest concern to you?

Only female respondents : For your personal life, what issue is of greatest concern to you?

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Jobs & Economy

Only female respondents : I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Jobs & Economy

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Access to Food

Only female respondents : I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Access to Food

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Access to Water

Only female respondents : I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Access to Water

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Fight against Corruption

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Security Situation

Only female respondents : I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Security Situation

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Human Rights

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Women’s Rights

Only female respondents : I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Women’s Rights

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Public Services

Only female respondents : I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Public Services

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Political Situation

I am going to list some issues and I would like you to tell me whether it is getting better or getting worse: Efforts against al-Qa'ida and Daesh

Why do you think jobs & economy are getting worse? (n=3331)

Only female respondents : Why do you think jobs & economy are getting worse? (n=1566)

Why do you think access to food is getting worse? (n=3069)

Only female respondents : Why do you think access to food is getting worse? (n=1453)

Why do you think public services are getting worse? (n=2674)

Only female respondents : Why do you think public services are getting worse? (n=1177)

Personal Safety & War Experience

On a scale ranging from 1 to 5 in which “1” means “always very unsafe” and “5” means “always very safe”, how safe do you personally feel?

Only female respondents : On a scale ranging from 1 to 5 in which “1” means “always very unsafe” and “5” means “always very safe”, how safe do you personally feel?

What is the main threat that endangers your personal security? (open question, code one answer) (n=1597)

Only female respondents : What is the main threat that endangers your personal security? (open question, code one answer) (n=812)

Please tell me whether you or your family experienced the following as a result of the war: One of you was killed or injured

(Interviewer: only ask if the answer was “1” in Q9A: ‘One of you was killed or injured’) First case: What happened? Briefly explain (n=271)

(Interviewer: only ask if the answer was “1” in Q9A : ‘One of you was killed or injured’) Second case: What happened? Briefly explain (n=36)

Please tell me whether you or your family experienced the following as a result of the war: One of you was disappeared/kidnapped

Please tell me whether you or your family experienced the following as a result of the war: Your house was completely/partially destroyed

Please tell me whether you or your family experienced the following as a result of the war: One of you was displaced to another area

Please tell me whether you or your family experienced the following as a result of the war: Your property or business were destroyed

Please tell me whether you or your family experienced the following as a result of the war: Loss of job or income

Have you received any kind of assistances since the beginning of the war?

How many times have you received assistances since the beginning of the war? (n=1860)

What was the name of the organization/s or entity/ies that provided you with such assistances? (open question, code three answers) First answer (n=1860)

How sufficient were the assistances to you to meet your needs? (n=1860)

Experience with Displacement

Did people flee TO or FROM this area during the war?

Regarding your residence in this area, has your family…

What was the main reason for your displacement? (n=799)

Did your family move from…? (n=799)

Have you received any kind of assistance during your displacement period? (n=799)

During the period of your displacement, how many times did you receive assistance? (n=266)

What kind of assistance? (open question, code one answer) (n=266(

How sufficient was the assistance to you to meet your needs? (n=266(

What was the name of the organization/entity that provided you with such assistance? (open question) First answer (n=266)

Evaluating the Security Situation

Generally, how would you rate the security situation in your area?

Only female respondents : Generally, how would you rate the security situation in your area?

In your opinion, what are the biggest three security threats in your area? (open question, code three answers) First Answer

Only female respondents : In your opinion, what are the biggest three security threats in your area? (open question, code three answers) First Answer

Are there any landmines in your area?

Who is dealing with this issue? (n=83)

Have you traveled outside this area during war?

When you traveled outside this area, have you encountered security problems or any kind of harassments on your way? (n=1474)

What kind of problems/harassments did you encounter? Explain (open question) First answer (n=325)

Which news source do you trust most in regard to news about war developments and what is going on at the war fronts?

Only female respondents : Which news source do you trust most in regard to news about war developments and what is going on at the fronts of the conflicts?

Which source you access first to get information about the security developments (airstrikes, conflicts, assassinations, bombings) in your area? (open question, code one answer)

Only female respondents : Which source you access first to get information about the security developments (airstrikes, conflicts, assassinations, bombings) in your area?

Security Actors

According to your opinion, is the local council active in your area in...

According to your opinion, are political parties active in your area in…

According to your opinion, is the police active in your area in...

According to your opinion, are NGOs/CSOs active in your area in...

According to your opinion, are local community groups active in your area in...

According to your opinion, are tribes active in your area in...

According to your opinion, are tribal leaders active in your area in...

According to your opinion, are religious groups active in your area in...

In reality, when a problem or security incident occurs in this area, which actor deals with it first? (open question, code one answer)

In reality, who ruins security in this area? (open question, code three answers) First Answer

In reality, who brings security to this area? (open question, code three answers) First Answer

In the case of a crime or a security problem, whom will you inform first? (open question, code one answer)

Experience with Crime

Have you or any member of your household been the victim of a crime in the past two years that is not directly related to the war?

If there was more than one crime, what was the most significant one? (n=243) (open question)

To protect yourself and your family, what procedures do you rely on? (open question, code one answer)

Experience with “Police”

Is there a police station in this area?

Is the police station functioning or not? (n=2126)

Are there any female police officers in the police station? (n=2126)

How would you assess the effectiveness of the police in your area in preventing crimes? (n=2126)

How would you assess the effectiveness of the police in your area in resolving conflict /crimes? (n=2126)

How would you assess the effectiveness of the police in your area in maintaining law & order in general? (n=2126)

How would you assess the effectiveness of the police in your area in protecting women & children? (n=2126)

Only female respondents : How would you assess the effectiveness of the police in your area in protecting women & children? (n=906)

To what extent are police officers respected in this area? (n=2126)

Do the police officers in your area always wear uniform when on duty? (n=2126)

If a woman reports a crime alone, without being accompanied by a male family member, do you think the police in this area .. (n=2126)

Only female respondents : If a woman reports a crime alone, without being accompanied by a male family member, do you think the police in this area… (n=906)

Please tell me if you would feel more or less secure if here was more police in this area?

Please tell me if you would feel more or less secure if there were more army units in this area?

Are there non-police people in your area doing police duties in the present time?

In the last two years, have you visited a police station to report a crime / resolve a problem?

In the last two years, have you visited a police station for administrative purposes?

In the last two years, have you visited a police station to obtain information?

Interviewer: Ask only if the answer was “1” in Q59 (administrative purposes), otherwise skip to the instructions before Q65 (Only female respondents: Would you report a crime alone?).

In the past two years, have you faced any problems obtaining personal documents? (n=168)

Interviewer: If reply was 'no', 'don't know', or 'refused to answer' to all three questions, skip to the instructions before Q65 (Only female respondents: Would you report a crime alone?).

What was your overall impression of the police station? (n=364)

Only female respondents: Would you report a crime alone? (n=2000)

Only female respondents: If there was a women's unit (police women only) in the police station closest to your home, would you report a crime alone? (n=2000)

Only male respondents: Would you allow your wife/daughter/female relative to report a crime alone? (n=2000)

Only male respondents: If there was a women's unit (police women only) in the police station closest to your home, would you allow your daughter/wife/female relative to report a crime alone? (n=2000)

Do you think the police deal fairly with people?

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? Women

Only female respondents: More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? Women

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? Youth / young men

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? Marginalized groups (e.g. akhdam)

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? The elderly

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? The poor

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? Refugees

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? IDPs

More precisely, to what extent do you think the police treat the following groups fairly? Foreigners who are not refugees

Imagine that you have a complaint about a police officer. Where would go to complain?

Do you think that wages paid to regular police officers are…

If the police were better paid by the government, do you think they would be less corrupt?

Gender & Police

If a male member of your family was interested in joining the police, would you…

If a female member of your family was interested in joining the police, would you …

In general, do you support the idea of having female police officers in Yemen?

Why do you support it? (open question, code one answer) (n=2289)

Why do you support it? National (n=2289), Female (n=1102)

Why do you not support it? (open question, code one answer) (n=1468)

Why do you not support it? National (n=1468), Female (n=799)

Please tell me whether you agree or not: I will report a crime if the police officer is a woman.

Please tell me whether you agree or not: I trust a female police officer to fairly resolve a crime.

Please tell me whether you agree or not: I trust a female police officer to treat arrestees, detainees, minorities fairly.

Please tell me whether you agree or not: I trust a female police officer not to take bribes.

Visions for Security Sector Reform

In general, do you believe that the provision of security should rest in the hands of the state alone?

In this area specifically, do you believe that the provision of security should rest in the hands of the state alone?

Should the state involve non-state security actors in the resolution of security issues?

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Community groups / NGOs (n=2137)

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Women’s groups / NGOs (n=2137)

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Popular Committees (n=2137)

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Resistance factions (n=2137)

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Tribal shaykhs (n=2137)

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Local councils (n=2137)

Which group should be involved in rebuilding stability and security in your area? Other powerful people in this area (n=2137)

For what should these groups be involved? (n=2137)

General Assessments, Visions & Beliefs Regarding the Current Situation

In your opinion, do you think that things in Yemen are going into a direction of peace and end of war or in a direction of more conflict and fighting?

If you were asked to name the three most necessary actions that should be initiated to end the war, what would you propose? (open question, code one answer) First answer

Do you support or oppose the following? Separation of the south from the north

Only female respondents : Do you support or oppose the following? Separation of the south from the north

Do you support or oppose the following? Dividing Yemen into six regions

Do you support or oppose the following? The state form stays as it was before

Do you support or oppose the following? Dividing Yemen into two regions

According to your opinion, how has the following institution they been affected by the war? Hospitals

According to your opinion, how has the following institution they been affected by the war? Judiciary

According to your opinion, how has the following institution they been affected by the war? Prisons

If answer was "negatively" for ‘prisons’: How? (open question, code one answer) (n=1569)

According to your opinion, how has the following institution they been affected by the war? Schools

www.yemenpolling.org

perceptions of the yemeni public on living conditions and security -related

Documents

arabic yemeni defense language proficiency test5 ... arabic...

meatpacking workers' perceptions of working conditions

preparation of yemeni standards

yemeni cuisine - موسوعة المحيط

staff perceptions of school conditions what are they? do...

yemeni law of building

traditional knowledge, perceptions and forest conditions in...

plugin-the agricultural marker stars in yemeni folklore

tribal diversity, political patronage and the yemeni ......

yemeni laws56

tribal diversity, political patronage and the yemeni...

the future structure of the yemeni state future structure of...

yemeni complaint

acs inacs in yemeni yemeni khakhat chewers & cardiac … ·...

an indelible imprint_ yemeni culture pervades in malaysia

teachers' perceptions of working conditions: the

towards idiomatic competence of yemeni efl undergraduates

my yemeni village

the phonology and morphology of yemeni tihami dialect

roadmap yemeni emigration