periodic table notes february 3rd. dmitri mendeleev: father of the table how his worked… put...

Periodic Periodic TableTable

Notes February 3rd

Dmitri Dmitri Mendeleev: Mendeleev: Father of the Father of the TableTableHOW HIS

WORKED…Put elements in

rows by increasing atomic weight.

Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.

SOME PROBLEMS…He left blank spaces for

what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)

He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.

The Current The Current Periodic Periodic

TableTableMendeleev wasn’t too far off.Now the elements are put in rows by

increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!!The horizontal rows are called Periods

and are labeled from 1 to 7.The vertical columns are called Groups

are labeled from 1 to 18.

Groups…Here’s Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!Table Gets Useful!!

Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!

(Mendeleev did that on purpose.)

Why??• They have the

same number of valence electrons.

• They will form the same kinds of ions.

Group 1-Alkali Group 1-Alkali MetalsMetalsSilvery SolidsTarnish RapidlyLow DensitiesLow Melting PointsVery Soft MetalsMost Reactive MetalsReact Strongly w/Halogens &

Water (Violently)1 Valance e-

Group 2-Alkaline Group 2-Alkaline Earth Earth

MetalsMetalsSilver in ColorDenser, Harder, and Higher

Melting Points then Group 1Very Reactive, but not as

reactive as Group 1React w/Halogens & Water2 Valance e-

Group 17-Group 17-HalogensHalogensToxicNon Metals except for (At)Salt Formers (specially w/Alkali &

Alkaline Earth Metals)Highly Reactive7 Valance e-

Poor ConductorsLow Melting & Boiling PointsOnly Group that contains all 3

States of Matter @ room Temperature

Group 18-Noble Group 18-Noble GasesGasesAll GasesKnown also as Inert GasesDo NOT React w/Anything8 Valance e- Low Boiling PointsOdorless & Colorless

MetalloidsMetalloidsBetween the Metals & Non

MetalsShare Properties w/both

Metals and Non MetalsMakes Good Semi-

ConductorsUsed in Computer Industry

Transition MetalsTransition Metals

Group 3 to MetalloidsHigher Melting PointsUsed in a Variety of

Products

Non MetalsNon MetalsInclude everything from the

right hand side of the Metalloids including Hydrogen

Usually Gases or Brittle SolidsPoor ConductorsGood Insulators & Semi

ConductorsLittle or no Luster

LanthanidesLanthanidesAtomic #’s 58-71Known as the Rare Earth MetalsUsed in lamps, lasers, magnets,

motion picture projectors, & X-ray intensifying screens

Used as catalysts in the production of petroleum & synthetic products

ActinidesActinidesAtomic #’s 90-103RadioactiveUnstable and decay to form

other elementsMost are synthetic except for

(Th), (Pa), & (U)Very DenseReact w/boiling water or dilute

acid to release hydrogen gas