personalized presentation in web-based information systems institute of informatics and software...

Personalized Presentation inWeb-Based Information

Systems

Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering

Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies

Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

Michal Tvarožek, Michal Barla, Mária Bieliková

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Presentation outline

• Motivation

• What is the problem?

• Personalized presentation layer architecture

• Evaluation

• Summary

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Motivation

• Large open information spaces

• Navigation and search related problems

– “Lost in hyperspace” syndrome

– Many (irrelevant) search results

Adaptive WIS (web-based information systems)

– Few “standard” solutions

– New adaptive WIS = start from “square one”

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Adaptive WIS problems

• No standard software architecture available

• Used mostly for e-learning applications

• Existing reference models (Dexter, AHAM)

– Deal with mostly abstract stuff

– Ignore software development and reuse aspects

• HERA methodology focuses more on presentation than adaptation and user modeling

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

User modeling problems

• Automatic creation of a user model is difficult

• Logging without semantics– Hard-coded evaluation logic depends on a specific

domain and implementation

• Web log analysis yields bad results– Purely server-side approach

– Extensive pre-processing required

– Better suited for overall statistics gathering than the evaluation of individual users’ characteristics

• Sharing of user models between tools or applications requires common ground

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Goals

• Devise the architecture of an adaptive WIS based on the use of interconnected software tools

– Identify tool roles and interconnects

– Focus on extensibility and flexibility

– Support architecture/tool reuse for different application domains

– Stress interoperability and “common ground” between tools

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Architecture overview

Portal

HTMLfragments

Events

Presentation

Adaptation

Presentation tools

Presentation

Adaptation

Input / Feedback

Webbrowser

Server-sidelogging

Client-sidelogging

User characteristic

evaluation

EventsEvents

Presentationlayer

Personalizationlayer

User modelinglayer

Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer

Application logic layer

Data layer

Events

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Portal

• Facilitates user management tasks

– User registration

– User authentication and authorization

• Provides a single “global” user interface

– Ensures a common “look & feel”

– Integrates individual presentation tools as pluggable portlets that can be added, removed or reordered

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Architecture overview

Portal

HTMLfragments

Events

Presentation

Adaptation

Presentation tools

Presentation

Adaptation

Input / Feedback

Webbrowser

Server-sidelogging

Client-sidelogging

User characteristic

evaluation

EventsEvents

Presentationlayer

Personalizationlayer

User modelinglayer

Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer

Application logic layer

Data layer

Events

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Presentation tools

• Perform adaptive presentation of content

• Allow for the use of different views/perspectives suitable for individual users

– The same data can be viewed e.g. with a

• Faceted browser

• Cluster visualization tool

• Form-filling tool

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Portal

HTMLfragments

Events

Presentation

Adaptation

Presentation tools

Presentation

Adaptation

Input / Feedback

Webbrowser

Server-sidelogging

Client-sidelogging

User characteristic

evaluation

EventsEvents

Presentationlayer

Personalizationlayer

User modelinglayer

Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer

Application logic layer

Data layer

Events

Architecture overview

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Client-side logging

• Captures client-side events that would otherwise go unnoticed

– Hovering on items

– Java script interaction

– “Back” button

– Form filling actions (e.g. the order of fields)

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Architecture overview

Portal

HTMLfragments

Events

Presentation

Adaptation

Presentation tools

Presentation

Adaptation

Input / Feedback

Webbrowser

Server-sidelogging

Client-sidelogging

User characteristic

evaluation

EventsEvents

Presentationlayer

Personalizationlayer

User modelinglayer

Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer

Application logic layer

Data layer

Events

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Server-side logging

• Integrates event data from various sources

• Creates one continuous stream of events for– Each user

– Each user session

• Preserves the semantics of events supplied by individual tools;– Instead of GET www.x.com/overview.do?id=456&att=loc&r=33

– We get: <John>, <SelectRestriction>(<location>, <California>)

• Circumvents the tight coupling of presentation and log analysis tools in traditional approaches

• Makes the log data accessible to all user modeling tools

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Architecture overview

Portal

HTMLfragments

Events

Presentation

Adaptation

Presentation tools

Presentation

Adaptation

Input / Feedback

Webbrowser

Server-sidelogging

Client-sidelogging

User characteristic

evaluation

EventsEvents

Presentationlayer

Personalizationlayer

User modelinglayer

Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer

Application logic layer

Data layer

Events

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

User characteristics evaluation

• Continuously evaluates user event log data

– Estimates individual users’ characteristics

– Updates the user model

• Evaluates

– User navigation

– Implicit user feedback on presented content

– User behavior consistency or lack thereof

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Evaluation

• Within the context of projects– NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: job offers

• Tools for Acquisition, Organization and Maintenance ofKnowledge in an Environment of Heterogeneous Information Resources

– MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: scientific publications

• Modeling and Acquisition, Processing and Employing Knowledge About User Activities in the Internet Hyperspace

• Project constraints– Implementation environment Java 5

– Presentation framework Apache Cocoon

– Ontological repository Sesame

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

How it works?

Server

LogAnalyzer

SemanticLog

Factic(other tools)3. Domain model

User model

7. Event

Client

[Events]

[Domain model][User model][User logs]

Click

Webbrowser

1. Request

JOP/P3

10. Response

Corporate Memory

Domain model

User model

Userlogs

8. User logs

2. Request

[Events]

Prescott

11. Response

4. Outputdescription

6. XHTMLfragment

9. Notify

5. Domain modelUser model

ConCom

[Call]

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

What can we do with it?

• Personalize facet layout

• Improve response time

• Reduce the number of necessary clicks

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Number of active facets

Cli

ck c

ou

nt

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Tim

e [s

]

Clicks with recommendation 6 5 5 4

Clicks with adaptation 11 10 10 9

Clicks without adaptation 9 9 9 9

Time with recommendation 45 36 45 61

Time with adaptation 63 141 193 296

Time without adaptation 301 301 301 301

1 facet 2 facets 3 facets 11 facets

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Key issues I.

• Interoperability and “common ground” between tools– Requires common information and semantics representation

Ontologies provide means for defining common semantics

• Domain, user and event ontology

• Automatic user model acquisition– Built-in comprehensive logging of user interaction with

semantics

• Client-side

• Server-side– Automatic event log evaluation

– Continuous user characteristics estimation

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Key issues II.

• Flexibility and extensibility

– Modular architecture composed of interconnected software tools

– Simultaneous support for the use and integration of multiple presentation/user modeling tools

• Reusability

– Generic domain independent tools for specific tasks

Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized

Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

Summary

• Generic architecture of the personalized presentation layer of adaptive WIS

• Evaluation within projects

– NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ job offers

– MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ publications

• Future work

– Analyze possibilities of tool orchestration

– Devise methods of cooperation between multiple tools used for the same task