perspectives on teaching, learning and technology

Perspectives on Teaching, Learning

and TechnologyNavigating the mystique of

educational paradigms, theories and models

Behaviorism

Cog

nitiv

ism

Cognitive ConstructivismSocioculturalism

Historicism Situativity

Postpositivism

Idealism

Interpretivism

Constructivism

Ideo

logy

InterpretivismE

pist

emol

ogy

Skinner

Vygotsky

Piaget

Objectivism

Rea

lism

RelativismT

heor

yR

atio

nalis

m

Ausubel

Crit

ical

The

ory

Paradigm

The Basics

• Paradigm – a set of concepts, values, and assumptions that directs the thought processes of a community

• Theory – an idea or concept that is proposed based on previous knowledge

Philosophical Perspectives

Objectivism

Pragm

atism

Rel

ativ

ismIdealismEmpiricism

Rationalism

Realism

Psychological Perspectives

Behaviorism

Sociocultural/H

istoricism

ConstructivismSituativity

Cognitivism

A Focus on Paradigms

Objectivism

Constructivism

Ecl

ectic

ism

A Focus on Theories

ObjectivismBehaviorism

A Focus on Theories

Behaviorism

Operant ConditioningR

espondent Learning

Observational Learning

Behaviorists focus on conditioning behaviors to elicit responses(Orenstein & Hunkins, 2004, p101).

Skinner

A Focus on Models

Respondent Learning

Respondent Learning, or classical conditioning, is the idea that a neutral stimulus can elicit a positive response through association with positive reinforcement.

A Focus on Models

Operant Conditioning

A behavior that is reinforced, becomes more frequent. Skinner

A Focus on Practice

Direct Instruction

Computer Assisted Instruction

Personalized System of Instruction

Operant ConditioningP

rogramm

ed Instruction

A Focus on Paradigms

Objectivism

Constructivism

Ecl

ectic

ism

A Focus on Theories

Objectivism

Constructivism

Cognitivism

A Focus on Theories

CognitivismCognitivists focus on organization of human thought and how this organization facilitates learning.

Piaget

Gestalt Perspective

Information Processing Theory

Schem

a Theory

A Focus on Models

Piaget

Children organize knowledge based on experience through assimilation and accommodation.

A Focus on Models

Gestalt Perspective

Individuals respond to the organization of multiple stimuli.

A Focus on Models

Schem

a Theory

Our long-term memory organizes information in a more abstract manner than our short-term memory.

A Focus on Paradigms

Objectivism

Constructivism

Ecl

ectic

ism

A Focus on Paradigms

Constructivism

A Focus on Theories

Constructivism

Vygotsky

Collaborative Learning

Constructivists believe that humans construct new knowledge based on their own experiences.

Anchored Instruction

Driscoll

A Focus on PracticeA

nchored Instruction

Media can be used to anchor the construction of knowledge by creating a complex learning environment.

A Focus on Models

Vygotsky

Children make mental connections based on their interactions with adults.

A Focus on Practice

Collaborative Learning

Collaboration is used in most classrooms today to encourage students to participate in constructive problem-solving, discussions, and inquiry.

A Focus on Paradigms

Objectivism

Constructivism

Ecl

ectic

ism

A Focus on Paradigms

Ecl

ectic

ism

Behaviorism

Cog

nitiv

ism

Historicism Situativity

Postpositivism

Idealism

Interpretivism

Constructivism

Ideo

logy

InterpretivismE

pist

emol

ogy

Skinner

Vygotsky

Piaget

Objectivism

Rea

lism

RelativismT

heor

yR

atio

nalis

m

Ausubel

Crit

ical

The

ory

Paradigm Ecl

ectic

ism