phantom simulation of liver motion during breathing
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Phantom Simulation of Liver Phantom Simulation of Liver Motion During BreathingMotion During Breathing
Group Members:Group Members:Ian DallmeyerIan DallmeyerTuta GuerraTuta Guerra
Ian HenderlongIan Henderlong
Advisor:Advisor:Dr. Bob GallowayDr. Bob Galloway
BackgroundBackground
Over 17,550 people in the U.S. diagnosed Over 17,550 people in the U.S. diagnosed with primary liver cancer in 2005. 15,420 with primary liver cancer in 2005. 15,420 will die of liver cancer in 2005.will die of liver cancer in 2005.
Cancers often spread throughout the liver.Cancers often spread throughout the liver.– Traditional surgery difficult/not possible.Traditional surgery difficult/not possible.
Image Guided Liver SurgeryImage Guided Liver Surgery
Imaging Techniques Imaging Techniques – CT, MRI, Ultrasound, X-ray angiographyCT, MRI, Ultrasound, X-ray angiography– Use data to create 3-D registration of liverUse data to create 3-D registration of liver
Surgical TherapySurgical Therapy– Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA)Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA)– ChemoembolizationChemoembolization
ChemotherapyChemotherapy EmbolizationEmbolization
Success Rates of IGLSSuccess Rates of IGLS
ProblemProblem
Need an anatomically correct model which Need an anatomically correct model which accurately simulates liver motion due to accurately simulates liver motion due to breathing to test IGLS techniques.breathing to test IGLS techniques.
Advantages of Phantom ModelAdvantages of Phantom Model
Porcine LiverPorcine Liver Approx. $1,000 – $2,000 per Approx. $1,000 – $2,000 per
liverliver Not anatomically correctNot anatomically correct Not reusable Not reusable
Phantom modelPhantom model Anatomically correctAnatomically correct Reusable Reusable Time and space-savingTime and space-saving SiliconSilicon Art DepartmentArt Department
Market PotentialMarket Potential Current methods too invasiveCurrent methods too invasive
– Low survival rateLow survival rate– Long recovery periodsLong recovery periods
Estimated market for IGLS Estimated market for IGLS 10x current IGNS market 10x current IGNS market ($3.0-$7.5 billion)($3.0-$7.5 billion)
Global MarketGlobal Market– Liver Cancer is 10X more Liver Cancer is 10X more
common in developing common in developing countriescountries
Disadvantages with Disadvantages with Competing Technologies – Competing Technologies – HFJVHFJV
Duration of 45 min.Duration of 45 min. Cardiovascular Cardiovascular
ComplicationsComplications Patient ResponsePatient Response ExpensiveExpensive
Phantom Liver System DesignPhantom Liver System Design
(All encased in PVC housing)
Muscle Wire
2N2222 NPN Transistorpower source w/ switch
Ground
Shape Memory AlloyShape Memory Alloy
Shape memory alloys Shape memory alloys deform upon heatingdeform upon heating– Martensite – low T, Martensite – low T,
soft, deformablesoft, deformable– Austenite – higher T, Austenite – higher T,
hard, non-deformablehard, non-deformable
Other SMA’s - Other SMA’s - CuZnAl, and CuAlNi CuZnAl, and CuAlNi
Muscle Wire SpecsMuscle Wire Specs
Alloy: nitinolAlloy: nitinol R 50 R 50 /m/m Activation T 70Activation T 70ooCC Diameter = 150mmDiameter = 150mm Act. Current = 400 mAAct. Current = 400 mA VVact act =~ 10V=~ 10V
Cooling time = 2 sCooling time = 2 s
Design SpecsDesign Specs
1-D Linear motion 1-D Linear motion (cranial- caudal) (cranial- caudal)
10.8 10.8 ++ 2.5 mm (ATLM) 2.5 mm (ATLM) Breath Frequency Breath Frequency
~= .11 Hz. (1 breath/9 ~= .11 Hz. (1 breath/9 sec)sec)
Active optical position Active optical position sensor (Optotrak 3020)sensor (Optotrak 3020)
Current WorkCurrent Work
Circuit DesignCircuit Design
Power Source ConstructionPower Source Construction
Rebuild Base and Track Rebuild Base and Track SystemSystem
Future WorkFuture Work
Construction of PVC housingConstruction of PVC housing
Research for final paper/posterResearch for final paper/poster
Total model assemblyTotal model assembly
ReferencesReferences
Herline AJ, Stefansic JD, Debelak JP, Hartmann SL, Wright Pinson C, Herline AJ, Stefansic JD, Debelak JP, Hartmann SL, Wright Pinson C, Galloway RL, Chapman WC. Image Guided Surgery: Preliminary; Feasibility Galloway RL, Chapman WC. Image Guided Surgery: Preliminary; Feasibility Studies of Frameless Stereotactic Liver Surgery. June 1999 Studies of Frameless Stereotactic Liver Surgery. June 1999 Archives of Archives of SurgerySurgery 134:644-650 134:644-650
Tarczy-Hornoch P, Jones D, Zerom B, Woodrum D, and Berk R. Mechanical Tarczy-Hornoch P, Jones D, Zerom B, Woodrum D, and Berk R. Mechanical Ventilators. [Online] Available Ventilators. [Online] Available http://http://weber.u.washington.eduweber.u.washington.edu/~neonatal/NICU/~neonatal/NICU--WEB/vents.html, 1998. WEB/vents.html, 1998.
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