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8/2/2019 Pimentel Et Al - 1991 - U-pb Zircon Geocrhonology of Pre Cam Brian Tin-bearing Continental-type Acid Magmatism i…

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P r e c a m b r i a n R e s e a r c h , 5 2 ( 1 99 1 ) 3 2 1 -3 3 5 3 2 1

E l s e v i e r S c i e n c e P u b l i s h e r s B . V ., A m s t e r d a m

U -P b z ircon geoch rono logy of Precambrian tin-bearingcontinental-type acid magmatism in central Brazi l

M~irc io M. Pim en te l a , b , La r r y He a m a n c , Re i n h a r d t A . Fu c k a a n d O n i l d o J. M a r i n i a

a De par tam ento de Geologia Geral e Aplicada, In sti tuto de Geocigncias, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, 70910, Braz il

b De partm ent o f Earth Sciences, Universi ty o f Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , 02(1 3PR, UK

c Dep artme nt o f Geology, Roya l Ontario Muse um , I00 Q ueens Park, Toronto , Ont. . M5S 2C6, Canada

(R e ce iv ed S ep tem b er 1 9, 1 9 90 ; r ev i sed an d accep ted F eb ru a ry 2 7 , 1 9 9 1 )

A B S T R A C T

P im e n te l , M . M . , H eam an , L . , F u ck , R . A . an d M ar in i , O . J ., 1 9 9 1. U - P b z i r co n g eo ch ro n o lo g y o f P reca m b r i a n t i n -b ea r in g

c o n t i n e n t a l -t y p e a c i d m a g m a t i s m i n c e n tr a l B r a z il . P r e c a m b r i a n R e s ., 5 2 : 3 2 1 - 3 3 5 .

U -P b g eo ch ro n o lo g ica l d a t a fo r a lk a l i - r i ch g ran i t i c an d a s so c i a t ed rh y o l i t i c ro ck s f ro m tw o d i f f e r en t t i n -b ea r in g su b -

p ro v in ce s o f t h e G o i~ is t i n p ro v in c e , i n cen t r a l B raz i l , r ev ea l tw o d i s t i n c t ep i so d es o f m id -P ro t e ro zo ic co n t in en ta l ac id

m ag m at i sm a t ca . 1 7 7 0 M a an d 1 6 0 0 M a ag o .

U - P b z i r c o n d a ta f o r t h e S uc u r i a n d S o l e d a d e g r a n i te s o f t h e e a s te r n R i o P a r a n~ S u b - P r o v i n c e ( R P S ) d e f i n e u p p e r

in t e r cep t ag es o f 1 7 67 _+ 1 0 M a an d 1 76 9 _+ 2 M a , r e sp ec t iv e ly . T h ese ag es a r e i n d i s t i n g u i sh ab le f ro m a U -P b ag e o f a

rh y o l i t e f ro m th e b asa l p o r t i o n o f t h e A ra i G ro u p ( 1 7 7 1 _+ 2 M a ) . T h ese r e su l t s a t t e s t t o t h e co n te m p o ran e i ty o f t h e i n t ru -

s io n o f t h e g ran i t e s an d th e c ry s t a l l i za t i o n o f t h e rh y o l i t i c lav as i n t h e R io P a ran a S u b -P ro v in ce . U -P b i so to p ic r e su lt s

f r o m z i r c o n s f r o m t h e S e r r a d a M e s a g r a n i t e i n t h e w e s te r n R i o T o c a n t i n s S u b - P r o v i n c e ( R T S ) i n d i c a te t h a t t h e g r a n i t ic

ig n eo u s ac t iv i t y in t h a t a r ea i s ca. 1 5 0 M a y o u n g er t h an th a t i n th e R P S .

T h e in h e r i t an c e p a t t e rn o b se rv ed in t h e z i r co n s f ro m th e A ra i rh y o l i t e su g g est s t h a t t h e s i a l i c b asem en t i n t h e R P S r eg io n

m ay in c lu d e an ea r ly P ro t e ro zo ic ( ca . 2 .2 G a) co m p o n e n t . I n h e r i t an ce o f p o ss ib ly A rch ae an ag e w as a lso fo u n d in z i r co n s

f ro m th e S u cu r i g r an i t e .

L o w e r i n t e r cep t ag e o f 6 5 8 M a fo r t h e S o led ad e g ran i t e z i r co n s i n d i ca t e P b lo s s d u r in g th e l a t e P ro t e ro zo ic B ras i l i an o

( P a n - A f r i c a n ) t h e r m o - t e c t o n i c e v e n t ( 6 5 0 - 5 5 0 M a ) .

S im i l a r a s so c i a t i o n s o f t i n -b ea r in g , a lk a l i - r ich g ran i te s w i th rh y o l i t e s an d su cceed in g co n t in en ta l s ed im e n t s a r e k n o w n

in o th e r p a r t s o f t h e P re cam b r i an sh i e ld o f B raz i l . T h i s i n d i ca t e s t h a t ex t en s iv e a r eas o f t h i s sh i e ld ex p e r i en ced ex t en s io n a l

t ec to n ics i n i n t r aco n t in en ta l s e t t i n g s b e tw een ca . 1 7 0 0 an d 1 9 0 0 M a ag o .

I n t r o d u c t i o n

T h e A r a i G r o u p s e d i m e n t s a n d r h y o l i t e s

c o v e r e x t e n s i v e a r e a s i n t h e st a t e s o f G o i~ is a n d

T o c a n t i n s i n c e n t r a l B r a z i l . A l k a l i - r i c h , t i n -

b e a r i n g g r a n i t i c r o c k s , b e l i e v e d t o b e g e n e t i -

c a l l y r e l a t e d t o t h e r h y o l i t e s i n t e r l a y e r e d w i t h

t h e s e d i m e n t s o f t h i s g r o u p a r e f o u n d i n t h e r e-

g i o n . P r e v i o u s i s o t o p i c s t u d i e s o n t h e r o c k s o f

t h i s g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e p r o v i n c e b y t h e w h o l e -

r o c k R b - S r m e t h o d h a v e c o n s i s t e n tl y r e v e a le d

o p e n s y s t e m b e h a v i o u r o f t h e R b - S r i s o t o p i c

s y s te m d u e t o t h e s tr o n g o v e r p r in t i m p o s e d b y

t h e la t e P r o t e r o z o i c ( c a . 6 0 0 M a ) B r a s i l i a n o /

P a n - A f r i c a n o r o g e n i c e v e n t ( R e i s N e t o a n d

C o r d a n i , 1 9 8 4 ) . A c c u r a t e a g e v a l u e s fo r t h e s e

r o c k s a r e , t h e r e f o r e , s t il l n e e d e d f o r t h e r e c o n -

s t r u c t i o n o f t h e p a s t t e c t o n i c h i s t o r y o f t h e T o -

c a n t i n s P r o v i n c e i n c e n t r a l B r a zi l, a n d f o r re -

g i o n a l c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h s i m i l a r t i n - b e a r i n g

c o n t i n e n t a l - t y p e p r o v i n c e s i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e

P r e c a m b r i a n s h i e l d o f B r a z il . I n th i s s t u d y ,

p r e c i s e U - P b z i r c o n a g e s a r e r e p o r t e d f o r t h e

A r a i G r o u p r h y o l i t e a n d f o r t h r e e d i f f e r e n t a s-

s o c i a t e d g r a n i t i c i n t r u s i o n s .

0 3 0 1 - 9 2 6 8 / 9 1 / $ 0 3 . 5 0 © 1 99 1 E l s e v i e r S c i e n c e P u b l i s h e r s B. V . A l l r i g ht s r e s e r v e d .

8/2/2019 Pimentel Et Al - 1991 - U-pb Zircon Geocrhonology of Pre Cam Brian Tin-bearing Continental-type Acid Magmatism i…

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322 M . M . P I M E N T E L E T A L.

Geo logical setting and previousgeochronological studies

T h e m a p i n F i g . 1 d i s p l a y s t h e m a j o r g e o l og -

i c a l e l e m e n t s o f t h e T o c a n t i n s S t r u c t u r a l P r o v -

i n c e ( A l m e i d a e t a l. , 1 9 8 1 ) . T h r e e d i f f e r e n ts u p r a c r u s t a l f o l d b e l t s a r e i d e n t i f i e d i n t h i s

s t r u c tu r a l p r o v i n c e . T h e y a r e e x p o s e d a l o n g t h e

N - S d i r e c ti o n , b e tw e e n t w o m a j o r c r a t o n i c re -

g i o n s : t h e A m a z o n i a n c r a t o n i n t h e w e s t a n d

t h e S 5 o F r a n c i s c o c r a t o n i n t h e e a s t ( F i g . 1 ) .

T h e s u p r a c r u s t a l f o l d b e l t s a r e , f r o m w e s t t o

e a st : ( i ) t h e P a r a g u a i - A r a g u a i a f o l d b e l t w h i c h

i s a B r a s i l i a n o / P a n - A f r i c a n c o n t i n e n t a l m a r -

g i n - li k e s e d i m e n t a r y s u c c e s s i o n d e p o s i t e d a n d

d e f o r m e d a g a i ns t t h e e a s t e r n m a r g i n o f th e

A m a z o n i a n c r a t o n ; ( i i ) t h e U r u a q u b e l t ,

f o r m e d d o m i n a n t l y b y m e t a p e l it i c a n d m e t a p -

s a m m i t i c r o ck s w i t h s o m e m e t a v o l c a n i c in t e r-

c a l a t i o n s ; a n d ( i i i ) t h e B r a s i l i a b e lt , a l a t e P r o -

terozoic sedimentary belt f ormed at the western

margin of the S~o Francisco craton. The supra-

crustal belts were deformed during the late

Proterozoic (Brasiliano orogeny) probably due

to the convergence of the "A maz oni an" and

"Sao Francisco" continents. Encompassed bythe supracrustal fold belts is the so-called Goifis

Mas sif (Fig. 1 ) (Al meid a et al., 1981; Mari ni

et al., 1984). This mass if seems to repres ent a

complex collage of crystalline terranes of Ar-

chaean to late Proterozoic age.

The Arai Group f orms the northea stern por-

tion of the Uruagu belt (Fig. 2). It constitutes

a sedime ntary sequence of contine ntal charac-

ter up to 1200 m thick, which covers extensive

areas in the states of Goifis and Tocantins. The

basal Arraias For mat ion c omprises clastic sed-

imentary rocks (conglomerates, coarse-grained

quartzites and siltstones) deposited in a con-

tinental setting characterized by alluvial fans

65W 45W

~'~ I ~ ~ ~ C Atlantic~ ~ ~ / ~ - - - ~ O c e a n

35S +

' ~ _ L a t e P r o t e r o z o i cm o b i l e b e l t s

~ _ C r a t o n s ( 1 - A m a z o n i a n2 - S a o F r a n c i s c o )

- T o c a n t l n s P r o v i n c e

/ m O 0 a " - d°k b - e

L - ~ _ C ~ I - f

Fig. 1. Area location and main geologicalunits of the Tocantins Province in central Brazil. 1 = Amazonian craton; 2 = SaoFrancisco craton; a = Phanerozoic cover; b = late Proterozoic sedimentary belts: Paraguai-Araguaia in the west and Bras-ilia in the east; c= Uruagu belt; d= Arai Group; e= Goi~is Massif;f= Rio Apa Block. The arrows indicate tectonic vergenceof the metasedimentary belts.

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U-Pb ZIRCONGEOCHRONOLOGYOF PRECAMBRIANTIN-BEARINGCONTINENTAL-TYPEACIDMAGMATISM 323

x :. 6- ) l a t e \

F P ' ° t " ° ' ° ' ° I

:ii~!iiiiiiiii B P G S

::::i:: ~ \

# h G g ~ ~ 8 o ; - /

• ] / o c a n t i ~ ~ -

f ' ~ ' ~ 1 B a h i a

G o i a s . , ~ _

_ 1 ~ ° J B a s i ~ . - . L ~• ' ( M i n a s

: ~ 0 ~ 1 0 k r \ ~ ~ 'S f _ G e r a i s

F i g . 2 . G e o l o g i c a l s k e t c h m a p o f c e n t r a l - e a s t e r n O o i~ is : GE=g r a n i t i c - g n e i s s i c b a s e m e n t ; Mu = m a f i c a n d u l t r a m a f i c c o m -

p l e x e s ( m i d d l e P r o t e r o z o i c ? ) ; Vs= v o l c a n o - s e d i m e n t a r y s e q u e n ce s ( l a t e / m i d d l e P r o t e r o z o i c ? ) . G r a n i t i c p lu t o n s , R T S :

a = S e r r a d o E n c o s t o ; b = S e r r a D o u r a d a ; c = S e r r a d a M e s a ; d = S e r r a B r an c a ; e = P i r a p i t i n g a ; f = S ~ o R o q u e ; g = F l o r e n c i o ;

h = R a i z a m i n h a ; i = S e r r a d a C a n g a i h a . R P S : A = S o l e d ad e ; B = S u c u r i ; C = M a n g a b e i r a ; D = S e r r a d o M e n d e s ; E = P e d r a

B r a n ca ; F = M o c a m b o ; G = B a n h a d o ; H = S ~ o D o m i n g o s .

and lacustrine environments. This sedimen-

tary sequence lies unconformably on micasch-

ists and paragneisses of the Ticunzal Forma-

tion (> 1.77 Ga) or on orthogneisses and

mylonitic rocks of the older granitic-gneissicbasement. Platform sediments of the Parano~i

and Bambui groups of late Proterozoic age un-

conformably overlie the Arai Group. A 50-100

m thick rhyolitic unit is intercalated with the

coarse-grained sediments of the lower portion

of the Arraias Formation.

A number of alkali-rich, A-type granitic in-

trusions are found in the region and form two

tin-bearing sub-provinces which have distinct

field, structural, petrographic and geochemical

characteristics: (i) the Rio Parana Sub-Prov-

ince (RPS) in the east and (ii ) the Rio Tocan-

tins Sub-Province (RTS) ca. 100 km to the

west (Fig. 2 ). Some of these tin-bearing gran-

itic rocks display strong geochemical similari-

ties with the rhyolites at the base of the Arai

Group, suggesting that these extrusive rocks are

coeval with the intrusion of the granites (Bo-

telho, 1984; Marini and Botelho, 1986).

According to Marini et al. (1986) the depo-

sition of the Arai Group sediments, and the

possibly contemporaneous intrusion of the al-

kali-rich granites, took place in an extensional

tectonic setting, comparable to the intraconti-nental rift system with which the typically A-

type anorogenic Nigerian Younger Granites are

associated (Badejoko, 1986).

The gran itic sub-provinces

Eight granitic plutons constitute the RPS

(Rio Paran~ Sub-Province; see Fig. 2). They

intrude into gneissic/mylonitic rocks of the

older granitic-gneissic basement as well as mi-

caschists and paragneisses of the Ticunzal For-

mation. No intrusive relationships have been

found, however, between the granites and the

sediments of the Arai Group (Marini and Bo-

telho, 1986). These granitic intrusions form

approximately circular bodies with diameters

normally smaller than 15 km. Their main in-

trusive phases are biotite granites (amphibole

is rare ). Except for a few small shear zones, the

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324 M. M. P IMENTEL ET AL.

g r a n it e s o f t h e R P S a r e n o t d e f o r m e d a n d e x-

h i b i t w e l l p r e s e r v e d i g n e o u s t e x t u r e s . S u b v o l -

c a n i c t e x t u r e s a r e n o t u n c o m m o n . A n a n o r o -

g e n i c s e t t in g w a s p r o p o s e d f o r th e i n t r u s i o n o f

t h e s e g r a n i t e s ( M a r i n i e t a l ., 1 9 8 6 ) . T i n ( c a s -

s i t e r it e ) m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p e g -m a t i t e s a n d g r e i s e n s a n d i s u s u a l l y a c c o m -

p a n i e d b y t o p a z , f l u o r it e , b e r y l a n d t o u r m a l i n e .

I n t e n s e l a t e - t o p o s t - m a g m a t i c h y d r o t h e r m a l

a l t e r a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e m i n e r a l i z e d a r e a s

( B o t e l h o a n d M a r i n i , 1 9 8 4 ) .

T h e R T S ( R i o T o c a n t i n s S u b - P r o v i n c e )

c o n t a i n s a t o t a l o f n i n e g r a n i t i c p l u t o n s w h i c h

a r e g e n e r a ll y b i g g e r t h a n t h o s e o f t h e R P S ( s e e

F i g. 2 ) . T h e y a r e e l o n g a t e d i n t h e N - S d i r e c -

t i o n f o r m i n g d o m e - l i k e s t r u c t u r e s i n t h e s u r -r o u n d i n g s u p r a c r u s t a l r o c k s o f t h e S e r r a d a

M e s a a n d A r a i g ro u p s. T h e s e t w o s e d i m e n t a r y

g r o u p s a r e c o n s i d e r e d b y F u c k a n d M a r i n i

( 1 9 8 1 ) a s c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s ( m i d d l e P r o t e r-

o z o i c ) d e s p i t e d i f f e r e n c e s i n l i t h o l o g i c a l c o n -

t e n t a n d m e t a m o r p h i c g r a d e . T h e m a i n i n t ru -

s i v e p h a s e s o f t h e R T S i n t r u s i o n s a r e b i o t i t e

a n d h o r n b l e n d e g r a n i t e s . T h e y a r e u s u a l l y d e -

f o r m e d a n d r e c r y s ta l l iz e d , e s p e c ia l l y n e a r t h e i r

m a r g i ns . T h e a g e o f d e f o r m a t i o n is u n k n o w n

a n d c o u l d b e a s y o u n g a s 6 00 M a , w h i c h is t h e

a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h e l a t e st t e c t o n i c e v e n t a f -

f e c t i n g t h e r e g i o n ( t h e B r a s i l i a n o / P a n - A f r i c a n

o r o g e n i c e v e n t ) . A c c o r d i n g t o M a r i n i a n d B o -

t e l h o ( 1 9 8 6 ) , t h e g r a n i t i c r o c k s o f t h e R T S

c r y s t a ll i z e d a t d e e p e r c r u s t a l l e v e ls c o m p a r e d

t o t h o s e f r o m t h e R P S . T h e f i e l d r e l a t i o n s h i p s

b e t w e e n t h e g r a n i ti c p l u to n s a n d t h e s u r r o u n d -

i n g m e t a s e d i m e n t s o f th e S e r r a d a M e s a a n d

A r a i g r o u p s a re c o n t r o v e r s i a l . M a r i n i a n d B o -

t e l h o ( 1 9 8 6 ) s t re s s t h a t t h e r e i s n o f i e l d e v i -

d e n c e i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e s e g r a n i t e s i n t r u d e t h e

s u p r a c r u s t a l ro c k s a n d i n t e r p r e t t h e m a s m a n -

t l e d d o m e s . O t h e r a u t h o r s ( e .g . M a c a m b i r a ,

1 9 8 3 ) , h o w e v e r , d e s c r i b e i n t r u s i v e r e l a t i o n -

s h ip s . T h e t i n m i n e r a l i z e d a r e a s i n t h e g r a n i t e s

o f th e R P S a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h g r e i se n s a n d a l-

b i ti te s . T o p a z , b e r y l, w o l f r a m i t e a n d o t h e r N b -

T a m i n e r a l s a ls o o c c u r i n t h e s e z o n e s .

Previous geochronological s tudies

M o s t p r e v i o u s a t t e m p t s t o d e t e r m i n e e m -

p l a c e m e n t a g e s f o r t h e g r a n i t i c r o c k s f r o m b o t h

R T S a n d R P S b y t h e w h o l e -r o c k R b - S r i so -

c h r o n m e t h o d f a i le d . S ix t y - n i n e R b - S r i s o -t o p i c m e a s u r e m e n t s o n t h e s e r o c k s a r e a v a i l -

a b l e i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e , b u t t h e s e d a t a s h o w

c o n s i d e r a b l e s c a t t e r i n i s o c h r o n d i a g r a m s

( H a s u i a n d A l m e i d a , 1 9 7 0 ; H a s u i e t a l . , 1 9 8 0 ;

M a c a m b i r a , 1 9 8 3 ; R e i s N e t o a n d C o r d a n i ,

1 9 8 4 ) . M o s t o f t h e s c a t t e r h a s b e e n a t t r i b u t e d

t o o p e n s y s t e m b e h a v i o u r d u r i n g t h e l a te P r o -

t e r o z o i c B r a s il i a n o e v e n t c a. 6 0 0 M a a g o ( R e i s

N e t o a n d C o r d a n i , 1 9 8 4 ) . N i n e t e e n R b - S r

i s o to p i c m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e p e r f o r m e d b y d i f-

f e r e n t a u t h o r s ( H a s u i a n d A l m e i d a , 1 97 0; R e i s

N e r o , 1 9 8 3 ) o n s a m p l e s o f t h e S e r r a d a M e s a

g r a n i t e ( R T S ) . A r e g r e s s io n t h r o u g h t h e s e

p o i n ts y i e l d e d a n " e r r o r c h r o n " w i t h a n a g e o f

1 3 4 0 _ 1 8 0 M a a n d h i g h i n i t i a l 875r/86Sr (ca.

0 . 7 3 4 1 ) . A 5 - p o i n t " e r r o r c h r o n " w a s c o m -

p u t e d f o r t h e S e r ra B r a n c a g r a n i t e ( R T S ) u s -

i n g t h e R b - S r a n a l y t i c a l d a t a o f R e i s N e t o

( 1 9 8 3 ) . T h i s y i e l d e d a n a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f

1409 M a. A s im i la r age ( 1430 _+ 24 M a; in i t i a l

875r/86Sr o f 0 . 7 8 1 6 ) w a s o b t a i n e d b y a n " e r -r o r c h r o n " d e f i n e d b y f i v e a n a l y s e s f ro m a s u i te

o f s e v e n s a m p l e s o f t h e S e r r a D o u r a d a g r a n i t e

( R T S ) ( R e i s N e t o , 1 9 8 3 ) . I n t h e R P S , s a m -

p l es f r o m b o t h t h e S o l e d a d e a n d P e d r a B r a n c a

g r a n it e s w e r e a n a l y s ed b y t h e R b - S r m e t h o d

(Hasu i e t a l . , 1980 ; S iga , 1981; Re is Nero ,

1 98 3; M a r i n i e t a l ., 1 9 86 ) . A 4 - p o i n t R b - S r i s-

o c h r o n f o r t h e S o l e d a d e g r a n i t e y i e ld s a n a g e

of 1637 _+ 93 a nd ini t ia l 8 7 5 r / 8 6 S r o f c a . 0 . 7 3 3 2

( r e s u l t c a l c u l a t e d w i t h t h e a n a l y t i c a l d a t a f r o m

Hasu i e t a l . , 1980 , S iga , 1981 and Re is Ne to ,

1 98 3 ) . T h e P e d r a B r a n c a g r a n i t e w a s d a t e d b y

M a r i n i e t a l. ( 1 9 8 6 ) a n d t h e w e l l - fi t te d R b - S r

i s oc h ro n ( M S W D = I . 3 ) g iv es t h e re la ti ve ly

p r e c i s e a g e 1 40 5 + 2 1 M a a n d a n a n o m a l o u s l y

l o w i n i t i a l 878r/86Sr r a t i o ( 0 . 7 0 0 4 + 0 . 0 0 0 6 ) .

B a s e d o n t h e g e n e r a l f i e l d , p e t r o g r a p h i c a n d

g e o c h e m i c a l s i m i l a ri t ie s o b s e r v e d f o r t h e s e v-

e r a l g r a n i t e s o f t h e R P S , t h e a u t h o r s a b o v e a s-

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U-Pb ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY OF PRECAMBRIAN TIN-BEARING CONTINENTAL-TYPEACID MAGMATISM 325

s i g n e d a n a g e o f ~ 1 4 0 0 M a f o r t h e g r a n i t i c

p l u t o n i s m a n d a s s o c i a t e d v o l c a n i s m i n t h a t

p a r t i c u l a r a r e a .

S a m p l e s o f t h e S e r r a d a M e s a a n d S e r r a

B r a n c a g r a n i t e s i n t h e R T S w e r e a n a l y s e d b y

t h e w h o l e - r o c k P b - P b i s o c h r o n m e t h o d a n dy i e l d a c o m b i n e d a g e o f 1 6 5 8 _+ 4 4 M a ( P . T a y -

l o r, p e ts . c o m m u n . , 1 9 89 ) .

K - A t m i n e r a l a n d w h o l e - r o c k i s ot o p ic s ys -

t e m s h a v e b e e n v a r i a b l y r e s e t i n r e s p o n s e t o

t h e B r a s il ia n o o r o g e n i c ev e n t . K - A r m i n e r a l

d a t e s r e p o r t e d f o r s e v e r a l r o c k u n i t s i n t h i s re -

g i o n , a s w e l l a s f o r m a n y o t h e r a r e a s i n t h e T o -

c a n t i n s S t r u c t u r a l P r o v i n c e ( R e i s N e t o a n d

C o r d a n i , 1 9 8 4 ) , g i v e l a te P r o t e r o z o i c t o e a rl y

P a l a e o z o i c a g es . B i o t i t e K - A r a g e s o f 5 1 3 a n d

5 5 0 M a w e r e o b t a i n e d f o r g n e i s si c ro c k s o f t h e

b a s e m e n t . K - A r m i n e r a l a g es v a ry i n g b e t w e e n

5 1 3 a n d 5 3 8 M a a r e r e p o r t e d f o r s a m p l e s o f

t h e S e r ra D o u r a d a a n d S e r ra B r a n c a g r a n it e s

( H a s u i a n d A l m e i d a , 1 9 70 ; R e i s N e t o , 1 98 3 ) .

W h o l e - ro c k s a m p l es o f th e A r a i G r o u p r h y o -

l i t e s a r e 5 7 9 M a a n d 6 7 1 M a ( R e i s N e t o a n d

C o r d a n i , 1 9 8 4 ) . T h e s e d a t a s u g g es t t h a t t h e

t h e r m a l e v e n t a t t h e e n d o f th e P r o t e r o z o i c h a s

d i s t u rb e d t h e K - A r s y s te m i n m o s t o f t h e r o c k

u n i t s in th e R T S a n d R P S .

An alytical procedures

U-P b zircon analyses

H e a v y m i n e r a l f r a c ti o n s w e r e o b t a i n e d f r o m

c a . 2 0 k g s a m p l e s b y p a n n i n g i n t h e l a b o r a t o -

r ie s o f th e C i a . V a l e d o R i o D o c e , B e l o H o r i -

z o n t e , B r a z i l . T h e s e h e a v y m i n e r a l f r a c t i o n s

w e r e f u r t h e r p r o c e s s e d b y s i e v i n g , m a g n e t i c

s e p a r a t i o n u s i n g a F r a n t z i s o d y n a m i c s e p a r a -

t o r, a n d c o n v e n t i o n a l h e a v y li q u i d ( b r o m o -

f o r m a n d m e t h y l e n e - i o d i d e ) s e p a r a t io n i n t h e

J a c k S a t t e r l y G e o c h r o n o l o g y L a b o r a t o r y ,

R o y a l O n t a r i o M u s e u m , T o r o n t o . Z i r c o n f r ac -

t i o n s w e r e t h e n s e l e c t e d f r o m t h e l e a s t m a g -

n e t i c f r a c t io n s b y h a n d - p i c k i n g i n f i l t e r e d e th y l

a l c o h o l. A c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g t e c h -

n i q u e s w a s u s e d t o r e d u c e d i s c o r d a n c y : ( i )

h a n d - p i c k i n g o f t h e m o s t t r a n s p a r e n t , l e as t al -

t e r e d a n d c r a c k - fr e e g r a i n s, a n d ( i i ) a i r a b ra -

s i o n u s i n g p y r i t e a s a p o l i s h i n g m e d i u m

( K r o g h , 1 9 8 2 ) . T h e s e l e c te d z i r c o n f ra c t i o n s

w e r e h o m o g e n e o u s i n te r m s o f s iz e ( 1 0 0 - 2 0 0

m e s h ) , c o l o u r ( p i n k ) a n d s h a p e ( e u h e d r a lp r i s m s ) o f th e g r a i n s ( s e e T a b l e 1 ) .

T h e z i r c o n f r a c t i o n s w e r e w a s h e d t w i c e i n

w a r m 4 N H N O 3 ; f i r s t t o r e m o v e a n y r e m a i n -

i n g p y r it e g r a in s a f t e r a b r a s i o n a n d t h e n f o r ca .

4 5 r a i n f i n a l w a s h i n g , f o l l o w e d b y r e p e a t e d

d i s t i l l e d - w a t e r a n d a c e t o n e r i n s e s . F r a c t i o n s

w e r e w e i g h e d o n d i s po s a b le a l u m i n i u m w e i gh -

i n g b o a t s a n d d i s s o l v e d in a m i x t u r e o f H F : 8

N H N O 3 ( 1 5: 1 ) u s i n g P a r r - t y p e T e f l o n b o m b s

a t 2 2 0 ° C . A s m a l l q u a n t i t y o f a m i x e d 2 ° S P b-

2 35 U s p i k e i s o t o p i c t r a c e r ( K r o g h a n d D a v i s ,

1 97 5 ) w a s a d d e d a t t h i s s t a g e . T h e d i s s o l u t i o n

a n d c h e m i c a l e x t ra c t i o n o f U a n d P b f o l lo w e d

g e n e r a l p r o c e d u r e s d e s c r i b e d b y K r o g h ( 1 97 3 ).

P b a n d U w e r e l o a d e d t o g e t h e r a s p h o s -

p h a t e s w i t h s i l ic a ge l o n t o o u t g a s s e d s i n g le r h e -

n i u m f i l a m e n t s a n d t h e i s o t o p i c m e a s u r e -

m e n t s w e r e p e r f o r m e d o n a V G - 3 5 4 m a s s

s p e c t r o m e t e r a t t h e R o y a l O n t a r i o M u s e u m .

D e t a i l s o f t h e m a s s s p e c t r o m e t r i c p r o c e d u r e s

c a n b e f o u n d i n K r o g h a n d T u r e k ( 1 98 2 ) a n dD a v i s e t a l . ( 1 9 8 2 ) .

T h e i s o t o p i c d a t a w e r e c o r r e c t e d f o r f r a c -

t i o n a t i o n v a l u e s o f 0 .1 % p e r a t o m i c m a s s u n i t

( A M U ) . T h e t o t a l U a n d P b b l a n k s i n t h e

R O M l a b o r a t o r y a t th e t i m e o f t h e a n a ly s e s

w e r e 1 p g a n d 2 p g , re s p e c ti v e ly . T h e c o m p o -

s i t i o n s f o r t h e i n i t i a l c o m m o n P b c o r r e c t i o n

w e r e d e r i v e d f r o m t h e S t a c e y a n d K r a m e r s

( 1 9 7 5 ) g r o w t h c u r v e s . F o r t h e b l a n k c o r r e c -

t i o n ,

2°spbfl°7pb:2°6pb:2°4pb = 37 .6:1 5.6 :18 .3:1 . Er-

r o r s q u o t e d a r e a t t h e 2 a l e v e l a n d w e r e c o m -

p u t e d i n d i v i d u a l ly . R e g r e s s i o n l in e s w e r e c o m -

p u t e d u s i n g t h e m e t h o d o f D a v i s ( 1 9 82 ) , a n d

t h e q u o t e d e r r o r s i n a ge a re a t t h e 9 5 % c o n f i -

d e n c e l e v e l . S c a t t e r o f t h e a n a l y t i c a l p o i n t s i s

m e a s u r e d b y a p a r a m e t e r c a l le d p r o b a b i l i t y o f

f it . W e l l f i t t e d r e g r e s s i o n s h a v e a p e r c e n t p r o b -

a b i l i t y o f f i t g r e a t e r t h a n 1 0% . D e c a y c o n s t a n t

8/2/2019 Pimentel Et Al - 1991 - U-pb Zircon Geocrhonology of Pre Cam Brian Tin-bearing Continental-type Acid Magmatism i…

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U - P b Z I R C O N G E O C H R O N O L O G Y O F P R E CA M B R 1 AN T I N -B E A R I N G C O N T IN E N T A L -T Y P E A C ID M A G M A T IS M 327

v a l u es u s e d a n d t h e i s o t o p i c c o m p o s i t i o n o f

u r a n i u m a r e th o s e r e c o m m e n d e d b y S t e ig e r

an d J~iger ( 1977 ) .

Re su l t s

m i n a t i o n o f p re c i se e m p l a c e m e n t ag es . In t w o

cases ( ana lyses 3 and 9 in T ab le 1 ) , c rys t a l s

w i t h s m a l l c r a c k s w e r e i n c l u d e d in o r d e r t o i n -

v e s t i g a t e t h e d i s c o r d a n c y p a t t e r n o f t h e r e -

spec t ive su i t es .

U-P b zircon results Ar ai Group rhyol i te

T h e U - P b d a t a f o r t h r e e g r a n it e s am p l e s a n d

o n e r h y o l i t e a re l i s t e d in T a b l e 1 . S a m p l e s w e r e

c o l l e c t e d f r o m s i n g le o u t c r o p s . T w o o f t h e

g r a n i t e s a m p l e s a re f r o m t h e R P S ( S u c u r i a n d

S o l e d a d e i n t r u s i o n s ) a n d t h e t h i r d , th e S e r r a

d a M e s a g r a n i t e , is f r o m t h e R T S ( F i g . 2 ) .

I n p r e v i o u s U - P b i s o to p i c s t u d ie s o f B ra z il -

i a n P r e c a m b r i a n r o c k s ( e . g . M a c h a d o e t a l . ,

1 9 8 8, 1 9 8 9 a , b ) i t b e c a m e e v i d e n t t h a t z i r c o n s

s u f f e r e d s e v e r e l e a d - l o s s a n d a r e d i s c o r d a n t

e v e n a f t e r a b r a s i o n . T h i s i s p o s s i b l y d u e t o a

c o m b i n a t i o n o f: ( i ) t h e s u p e r i m p o s i t i o n o f

s e v e r a l s u c c e s s i v e P r e c a m b r i a n t h e r m o - t e c -

t o n i c e v e n ts , a n d ( i i ) i n t e n s e r e c e n t w e a t h e r-

i n g . T h e s a m p l e s s e l e c t e d f o r th i s s t u d y c o n -

t a i n e d p l e n t y o f g o o d q u a l i t y ( t r a n s p a r e n t a n d

c r a c k -f r e e) z i r c o n s w h i c h w e r e a b r a d e d d o w n

t o s m a l l s p h e r e s in o r d e r t o m i n i m i z e d is c o r-

d a n c y . T h i s s t r a t e g y m a d e p o s s i b l e t h e d e t e r -

T w o p o p u l a t i o n s o f z ir c o n w i t h d i f f e r en t

c o l o u r ( c o l o u r l e s s a n d p i n k ) a r e p r e s e n t in th e

rhyo l i t i c rocks . A n a lyses 1 an d 2 (T ab le 1 )

r e p r e s e n t s i n g l e g r a i n r e s u l ts o n o n e d a r k - p i n k

a n d o n e c o l o u r l e ss c r y st a l, r e s p e c t i v e ly . T h e y

h a v e n e a r l y i d e n t i c a l v a lu e s f o r th e P b i s o t o p i c

r a t io s a n d m o d e l 2 °7 p b /2 ° 6 pb a ge s ( 1 7 8 0 M a

a n d 1 7 82 M a ) , s u g g e s t in g t h a t t h e t w o p o p u -

l a t ions a re cogene t i c . T h e ana ly t i ca l da t a po in t s

p l o t s l ig h t ly a b o v e t h e c o n c o r d i a c u r v e ( c a .

0 . 3 % a n d 1 .0 % d i s c o r d a n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) ( F i g .

3 ) . A n a l y s i s 3 ( s a m p l e G . 8 8 . 1 . 2 B ) w a s o b -

t a i n e d o n a f r a c t i o n i n w h i c h s o m e c r a c k e d

gra ins w ere~presen t. T h i s an a lys i s is m uc h m ore

d i s c o r d a n t ( 1 7 . 3 % ) t h a n t h e o t h e r fo u r.

D e s p i t e t h e f a ct th a t n o o b v i o u s c o r e - o v e r -

g r o w t h r e l a t i o n s h i p s w e r e o b s e r v e d i n t h i s z i r-

c o n p o p u l a t i o n , t h e U - P b i s o to p i c d a t a f o r

f r a c t i o n s G . 8 8 . 1 . 1 B a n d G . 8 8 . 1 . 1 C ( a n a l y s e s

A R A I R H YO L I T E

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Fi g. 3 . U - P b c o n c o r d i a d i a g r a m f o r z ir c o n s f r o m t h e A r a i G r o u p r h y o li te .

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32 8 M.M. PIMENTEL ET AL.

4 a n d 5 ) r e v e a l t h e p r e s e n c e o f a n i n h e r i t e d

c o m p o n e n t . T h e a p p r o x i m a t e a g e o f t h is i n -

h e r i t e d c o m p o n e n t c a n b e a s s e s s e d b y c o n -

s t r u c t in g a c h o r d t h r o u g h t h e s e tw o p o i n t s a n d

t h e t w o s i n g l e g r a i n a n a l y s e s ( F i g . 3 ) . T h i s

p r o c e d u r e y i e l d s a n u p p e r i n t e r c e p t a g e o f c a .2 1 6 0 M a a n d a l o w e r in t e r c e p t o f a p p r o x i -

m a t e l y 1 7 7 4 M a .

T h e s e d a t a i n d i c a t e a c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n a g e o f

1771 _+ 2 M a fo r thes e rh yo l i t i c rocks . Th is ag e

p r o v i d e s a n i m p o r t a n t c o n s t r a i n t o n t h e d e -

p o s i t i o n a l a g e o f t h e A r a i G r o u p a n d c o n t r a -

d i c t s p r e v i o u s s u g g e s t i o n s t h a t t h i s g r o u p i s

c o n s i d e r a b l y y o u n g e r ( c a . 14 0 0 M a ) ( M a r i n i

a n d B o t e l h o , 1 9 8 6 ) .

Sole dade gra n ite

T h i s g r a n i t i c p l u t o n i s a n e l l i p t i c a l ( 7 .5 X 4 .0

k m ) s u b v o l c a n ic i n tr u s i o n e m p l a c e d i n t o

b a s e m e n t g n e i s s e s a n d m y l o n i t e s . L o c a l l y ,

g n e i s s i c x e n o l i t h s u p t o 1 m a c r o s s a r e f o u n d .

T h e g r a n i t e a t t h e s a m p l e s i t e i s u n d e f o r m e d ,

m a s s i v e a n d c o n s i s ts o f b i o t i t e , b l u e i sh q u a r t z

a n d f e l d s p a r s . G r a n o p h y r i c t e x t u r e s a r e w e l l

d e v e l o p e d ( B o t e l h o e t al ., 1 9 8 6 ) .

F o u r U - P b i so t op i c m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e

p e r f o r m e d o n z i r c o n f r a c t i o n s f r o m t h i s s u b -

v o l c a n i c g r a n i t i c b o d y . Z i r c o n s s e p a r a t e d f r o m

t h i s i n t r u s i o n w e r e o f p a r t i c u l a r l y g o o d q u a l -

i ty , b e i n g i n g e n e r a l v e r y t r a n s p a r e n t a n d f r ee

o f c r a ck s o r a l t e r e d p a r t s. T h e z i r c o n f r a c t i o n s

a n a l y s e d i n c l u d e d s t u b b y , e u h e d r a l p r i s m a t i cc r y s ta l s o f li g h t p i n k c o l o u r . T h r e e o f th e f o u r

a n a l y s e s a r e l e s s t h a n 1 % d i s c o r d a n t ( s e e F ig .

4 ) , w h i l e t h e f o u r t h , i n w h i c h c r a c k e d g r a i n s

w e r e i n c l u d e d , i s 1 2 % d i s c o r d a n t . T h e a n a l -

y s es d e f i n e d a d i s c o r d i a l i n e ( 2 8 % p r o b a b i l i t y

o f f it ) w i t h a n u p p e r i n t e r c e p t a g e o f 1 76 9 + 2

M a . T h i s p r e c i s e U - P b z i r c o n a g e i s i n t e r -

p r e t e d a s t h e t im e o f g r a n it e e m p l a c e m e n t . N o

o b v i o u s i n h e r i t a n c e w a s d e t e c t e d i n t h e f r a c -

t i o n s i n v e s t i g a te d . T h e l o w e r i n t e r c e p t a g e o f

c a . 6 5 8 M a , a l t h o u g h i t h a s a la r g e u n c e r t a i n t y ,

s u g g e s ts a n e p i s o d e o f P b - l o s s d u r i n g t h e B r a s -

i l ia n o t h e r m a l e p i s o d e . T h i s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h

t h e K - A r c o o l i n g a g es o f 5 1 3 M a t o 6 71 M a

r e p o r t e d f o r s e v e r a l r o c k u n i t s i n t h e r e g i o n

( H a s u i a n d A l m e i d a , 1 9 70 ; R e i s N e t o , 1 9 8 3 ) .

T h e U - P b a g e r e s ul t o b t a i n e d h e r e f o r t h e

S o l e d a d e g r a n i t e i s i n d i s t in g u i s h a b l e f r o m t h a t

f o r t h e A r a i r h y o l i t e s , s u g g e s ti n g t h a t t h e s e t w o

u n i t s a r e c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s a n d p o s s i b l y

c o g e n e t i c .

.3 1

.2 9

.2 7

.2 5

3 . 5 4 . 0 4 . 5

F ig . 4. U - P b c o n c o r d i a d i a g r a m f o r zi r c o n s f r o m t h e S o l e d a d e g r a n i te .

S O L E D A D E G R A N I TE

E F1 7 6 9 +/- 2 Ma 1750

5 .0

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U-Pb ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY OF PRECAMBRIAN TIN-BEARING CONTINENTAL-TYPE ACID M AGMATISM 329

T h e U - P b z i r c o n ag e o f 1 76 9 + 2 M a i s c o n -

s i d e r a b l y o l d e r t h a n t h e 4 - p o i n t R b - S r i so -

c h r o n a ge ( 1 6 3 7 + 9 3 M a ) c a l c u la t e d u s in g

p r e v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d a n a l y t i c a l d a ta .

Sucuri grani te

T h e S u c u r i s u b v o l c a n i c g r a n i t e i s a s m a l l

( 4 .5 × 1 .5 k m ) e l l ip t i c al b o d y m a d e o f a m e -

d i u m - g r a i n e d , g r e y b i o t i t e g r a n i t e . I t i s c h a r -

a c t e r i s t i c a l l y c u t b y s m a l l s h e a r z o n e s ( B o -

t e l h o e t al ., 1 9 8 6 ) . S a m p l e G . 8 8 . 3 r e p r e s e n t s a

h o m o g e n e o u s b i o t i te g r a ni te .

U - P b i s o t o p i c a n a l y s e s o f z ir c o n f r a c t io n s

f r o m t h e S u c u r i g r a n i t e s h o w t h e p r e s e n c e o f a

s i gn i fi c an t a m o u n t o f a n i n h e r i t e d c o m p o n e n t

( F i g . 5 ) . I n c r e a s i n g U c o n t e n t s i n t h e z i r c o n s

a r e a c c o m p a n i e d b y a g e n e r a l i n c r e a s e i n

2°Tpb/2°6pb ages ( see Tab le 1 ) . Th is fe a tu re i s

c o n t r a r y t o t h e n o r m a l r e l a t i o n s e e n i n c o g e -

n e t i c z i r c o n p o p u l a t i o n s a n d c a n b e e x p l a i n e d

b y th e p r e s e n c e o f a n i n h e r i t e d c o m p o n e n t

h a v i n g h i g h e r U c o n t e n t s c o m p a r e d t o t h e

y o u n g e r c o m p o n e n t . A b e s t- f it r e g r e s s io n l i n e

( 2 0 % p r o b a b i l i t y o f f i t ) c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e

p o i n t s w i t h i n h e r i t a n c e s u g g e s t s a n A r c h a e a n

a g e ( c a. 3 .3 G a ) f o r t h e o l d c o m p o n e n t . A

l o w e r i n t e r c e p t a ge o f 1 7 61 w a s o b t a i n e d f r o m

t h i s r e g r e s s i o n .

O n e c o n c o r d a n t ( 0 .3 % d i s c o r d a n t ) a n a ly s is

w a s o b t a i n e d ( a n a l y s i s 1 0 i n T a b l e 1 ) . R e g r e s -

s i o n t h r o u g h p o i n t s 11 a n d 1 3 w o u l d g i v e a n

u n r e a l i s t i c n e g a t iv e v a l u e f o r t h e l o w e r i n t e r-c e p t a g e , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t o n e o r b o t h h a v e a

c o m p l e x P b i s o t o p i c c o m p o s i t i o n . F o r e x a m -

p l e , i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t f r a c t i o n s G . 8 8 . 3 . 2 B

( a n a l y s is 1 3 ) m a y a l s o h a v e a m i n o r i n h e r i t e d

c o m p o n e n t c o m p o u n d e d b y a d d i ti o n a l re c e nt

l e a d - l o s s . T h e r e f o r e , t h e b e s t e s t i m a t e f o r t h e

crys ta l l i za t io n age o f th i s g ra n i te i s 1767 _+ 10

M a w h i c h i s t h e 2 ° 7 p b F ° 6 p b a g e c o m p u t e d f o r

t h e c o n c o r d a n t a n a l y si s . T h e a s s i g n e d e r ro r o f

_+ 1 0 M a t a k e s i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n a l l r e a s o n a -

b l e p r o j e c ti o n s t o t h e c o n c o r d a n t p o i n t .

Serra da M esa grani te

T h i s g r a n i t i c b o d y f o r m s t h e c o r e o f a l ar g e

b r a c h y a n t i c l i n e s t r u c t u r e t r e n d i n g N E - S W

( F i g. 2 ) . I t is e n t i re l y s u r r o u n d e d b y m e t a s e -

d i m e n t s o f t h e S e r ra d a M e s a G r o u p . M a r i n i

a n d B o t e l h o ( 1 9 8 6 ) a r g u e t h a t t h e a ge r e la -

t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e g r a n i te a n d t h e e n c l o s i n g

s u p r a c r u s t a l r o c k s o f t h e S e r r a d a M e s a G r o u p

S U C U R I G R A N I T E

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3 3 0 M . M . P I M E N T E L E T A L .

c a n n o t b e r e l ia b l y e s ta b l i s h e d i n t h e f i el d b e-

c a u s e t h e r e is n o e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e s u p r a c r u s t a l

r o c k s h a v e b e e n c u t b y t h e g r a n i t i c r o c k s . I n -

c r e a s i n g c a t a c l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e

c e n t r e t o t h e m a r g i n o f t h e p l u t o n s u g ge s ts th a t

i t h a s b e e n t e c t o n i c a l l y e m p l a c e d i n t o i t s p r es -e n t s e t t i n g b y d i a p i r i c u p r i s e a f t e r o r i g i n a l

c r y s t a ll i z a ti o n . H o w e v e r , r e c e n t d e t a i l e d f i e ld

w o r k h a s i d e n t i f i e d e v i d e n c e o f a n i n t r u s i v e

r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e g r a n i t e a n d t h e s u r -

r o u n d i n g s u p r a c r u s t a l u n i t s .

Z i r c o n f r a c t i o n s a n a l y s e d c o n s i s t o f l o n g

p r i s m a t i c c r y s t a l s w i t h l e n g t h : w i d t h r a t i o s o f

c a . 5 : 1 . T h e y a r e p i n k a n d m a r k e d l y r i c h i n

f l u id i n c l u s io n s . D e s p i t e a b u n d a n t f l u id i n c lu -

s i o n s , n o a n o m a l o u s i n c r e a s e i n t h e c o m m o n

P b c o n t e n t w a s o b s e r v ed . N o c o r e - o v e rg r o w t h

r e l a t io n s h i p s w e r e s e e n .

T h e t h r e e z i r c o n f r a c t i o n s i n v e s t i g a t e d a r e

n o t c o l l i n e a r ( F i g . 6 ) a n d d o n o t f i t a s i n g l e

r e g r e s s i o n l in e . T h e y a r e b e t w e e n c a . 1 .2 % a n d

4 . 0% d i s c o r d a n t , d e s p i t e i n t e n s e a b r a s i o n . T h e

s c a t t e r e d d a t a p a t t e r n p o s s i b l y r e f l e c t s t h e s u -

p e r i m p o s i t i o n o f m u l t i p l e P b l o ss s ta g es . M a x -

i m u m a n d m i n i m u m u p p e r i n t er c e pt a ge va l-

u e s , h o w e v e r , c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m p r o j e c t i o n s

1 a n d 2 , re s p e c t i v e ly , in F i g . 6. T h e m a x i m u m

e s t i m a t e o f th e a g e ( 1 6 1 4 M a ) i s g i v e n b y l in e

1 , c o n s t r u c t e d t o p a s s t h r o u g h p o i n t s 1 6 a n d

1 4. T h i s g i v e s a l o w e r i n t e r c e p t a g e o f c a . 1 1 2 6

M a . T h i s m a x i m u m e s t im a t e f o r t h e a g e a g re e s,

w i t h i n e r r o r , w i t h a P b - P b w h o l e - r o c k i so -

c h r o n a g e o f 1 6 5 8 _ 4 4 M a o b t a i n e d f o r sa m -p l e s o f t h e S e r r a d a M e s a a n d S e r r a B r a n c a

g r a n i t i c i n t r u s i o n s ( P . T a y l o r, p er s . c o m m u n . ,

1 9 8 9 ) . A m i n i m u m a g e o f 1 5 7 4 M a c a n b e ca l-

c u l a t e d b y c o n n e c t i n g p o i n ts 1 4 a n d 1 5 t o t h e

o r i g i n ( l i n e 2 ) .

E v e n c o n s i d e r i n g t h e l a r g e u n c e r t a i n ty i n t h e

w h o l e - ro c k R b - S r " e r r o r c h r o n " a ge ( 1 3 4 0 _

1 79 M a ) c o m p u t e d f o r n i n e t e e n s a m p l e s o f t h is

gran i t i c body , th i s age va lue i s s t i l l s ign i f i -

c a n t ly l o w e r t h a n t h e U - P b z i rc o n a ge .A l t h o u g h a p r e c is e U - P b z i r c o n a ge w a s n o t

o b t a i n e d , t h e d a t a p r e s e n t e d h e r e i n d i c a t e t h a t

t h e e m p l a c e m e n t o f t h e S e r r a d a M e s a g r a n it e

t o o k p l a c e a t l e a s t c a . 1 5 0 M a a f t e r t h e i n t r u -

s i o n o f t h e g r a n i t i c r o ck s o f t h e R P S a n d t h e

c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n o f th e A r a i r h y o l i t e s . T h i s c o n -

t r a d i c t s p r e v i o u s s u g g e s t i o n s b y M a r i n i a n d

B o t e l h o ( 1 9 8 6 ) a n d M a r i n i e t a l. ( 1 9 8 6 ) t h a t

t h e g r a n i t i c m a g m a t i c a c t i v i t y i n t h e R T S i s

o l d e r t h a n t h a t i n th e R P S , p r e - d a t i n g t h e b e -

SERRA DA MES A GRANITE

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.280 ~ 1 5 7 4 M a ~

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3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

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U-Pb ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY OF PRECAMBRIAN TIN-BEARING CONTINENTAL-TYPEACID MAGMATISM 331

g i n n i n g o f t h e s e d i m e n t a t i o n o f th e A r a i

G r o u p .

Discussion--geological implications

T h e r e s u l t s p r e s e n t e d a b o v e s h e d n e w l i g h to n t h e t i m i n g o f m a g m a t i c e v e n t s i n t h e G oi~ is

t i n p r o v i n c e . T h e U - P b z i r c o n a g es f o r t h e S u -

c u r i a n d S o l e d a d e g r a n i t e s f r o m t h e R P S s h o w

t h a t t h e y a r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y c o e v a l w i t h t h e

i n i ti a t io n o f t h e A r a i G r o u p s e d i m e n t a t i o n a t

a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 7 70 M a a g o . I t c o n f i r m s t h e

i n t e r p r e ta t i o n o f M a r i n i a n d B o t e lh o ( 1 9 8 6 )

t h a t t h i s g r a n i t ic m a g m a t i s m i s t y p i c a ll y a n o -

r o g e n i c ( A - t y p e ) a n d w a s f o r m e d a t s h a l l o w

c r u s t al l e v e ls i n a n e x t e n s i o n a l , i n t r a c o n t i n e n -

t al e n v i r o n m e n t . T h e g e o c h e m i c a l c h ar a c te r -

i st ic s o f t h e g r a n i t e s a n d r h y o l i te s a r e c o m p a t -

i b le w i t h d e r i v a t i o n o f t h e o r i g in a l m e l t b y r e -

m e l t i n g o f p re - e x i st i n g l o w e r s i a li c c ru s t ( M a r -

i n i a n d B o t e l h o , 1 9 8 6 ) . I n f a c t , t h e U - P b z i r -

c o n d a t a d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t o l d e r c r u s t in e x ce s s

o f 2 . 2 G a i s l i k e l y t o b e p r e s e n t i n t h e r e g i o n .

I n h e r i t a n c e f o u n d i n z i r c o n s o f t h e A r a i r h y o -

l it e i n d i c a t e t h e p r e s e n c e o f e ar l y P r o t e r o z o i c

( T r a n s a m a z o n i a n ) z i r c o n s i n t h e s i a l i c b a s e -

m e n t i n th e R P S r e gi o n.T h e U - P b d a t a f o r t h e S e r ra d a M e s a g r a n it e

i n d i c a t e t h a t t h i s g r a n i t e c r y s t a l l i z e d a b o u t

1 6 0 0 M a a g o , a n d i s , t h e r e f o r e , c o n s i d e r a b l y

y o u n g e r th a n t h e g r a n it e s o f t h e R P S a n d t h e

A r a i G r o u p r h y o l i t e ( ~ 1 7 7 0 M a ) . T h e d a t a

s u g g e s t t h a t a t l e a s t t h i s p l u t o n , a n d p o s s i b l y

o t h e r g r a n i t i c i n t r u s i o n s i n t h e R T S , a r e i n t r u -

s iv e i n to t h e s u r r o u n d i n g m e t a s e d i m e n t s o f th e

S e r r a d a M e s a a n d A r a i g r o u p s . T h i s i s c o n s is -

t e n t w i t h r e c e n t d e t a i l e d f i e l d s t u d i e s w h i c h

i d e n t i f i e d i n t r u s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n t h e

S e r r a d a M e s a g r a n i t e a n d t h e e n c l o s i n g s u p r a -

c r u s t a l r o c k s .

T h e l o w e r i n t e r c e p t ag e o f ~ 6 5 8 M a f o r t h e

S o l e d a d e g r a n i t e s u g g e s t s a n e p i s o d e o f l e a d -

l os s d u r i n g t h e B r a s i l i an o e v e n t a n d c o u l d p o s -

s ib l y d a t e t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f th e s m a l l s h e a r

z o n e s f o u n d i n t h i s g r a n i t e . T h i s P b - l o s s a g e is

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h th e o b s e r v a t i o n o f R e i s N e t o

a n d C o r d a n i ( 1 9 8 4 ) t h a t th e s e g r a n i t i c /r h y o l -

i t i c r o c k s i n t h a t p a r t o f G o i ~ i s h a v e b e e n i n -

v o l v e d i n t h e r e g i o n a l B r a s i l ia n o t e c t o n o - t h e r -

m a l e v e n t a s r e v e a l e d b y t h e r e s e t ti n g o f K - A r

a n d R b - S r i s o t o p i c s y s t e m s .

I t w a s o b s e r v e d t h a t , i n t h e c a s e s o f t h e S e r r ad a M e s a a n d S o l e d a d e g ra n i t es , w h o l e - r o c k

R b - S r i s o t o p i c s y s t e m a t i c s y i e l d e d a g e s t h a t

a r e c o n s id e r a b l y y o u n g e r th a n t h e U - P b z ir -

c o n a g e s . T h e R b - S r r e s u l t s f o r m o s t g r a n i t i c

p l u t o n s i n b o t h s u b - p r o v i n c e s a l i g n a b o u t

r e g r e s s i o n l i n e s c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o a g e s o f c a .

1 4 00 M a a n d m a y b e i n d i c a t i n g re s e tt i n g o f th e

R b - S r i s o t o p i c s y s t e m . T h i s m i g h t h a v e b e e n

c a u s e d b y r e - d i s t r i b u t i o n o f 875r a c c o m p a n y -

i n g h y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n o r m e t a m o r -

p h i s m , w i t h S r b e i n g f lu s h e d o u t o f t h e w h o l e -r o c k i so t o pi c s y st em s b y h y d r o t h e r m a l / m e t a -

m o r p h i c f lu i d s.

T h e n e w g e o c h r o n o l o g i c a l r e s u lt s h a v e m a -

j o r g e o lo g i c al im p l i c a t i o n s i n t e r m s o f r e g io n a l

c o r r e l a t i o n o f t h e s e u n i t s i n G o i~ is s ta t e w i t h

s i m i l a r r o c k a s s o c i at i o n s i n o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e

B r a z i l i a n s h i e l d . C o n t i n e n t a l - t y p e a c i d m a g -

m a t i s m a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e x t e n s i v e s e d i m e n t a r y

s u c c es s io n s o f c o n t i n e n t a l c h a r a c t e r a r e k n o w n

f u r t h e r to t h e e a st , in B a h i a a n d M i n a s G e r a i ss t at e s a n d i n e x t e n s i v e a r e a s o f t h e A m a z o n i a n

c r a t o n , w h e r e v e r y la r g e t i n d e p o s i t s a r e k n o w n

( e .g . M a c a m b i r a e t al ., 1 9 8 7 ) ( s e e F ig . 7 ) .

I n M i n a s G e r a i s s t a te , a U - P b z i r c o n ag e o f

c a . 1 7 7 0 M a , c o m p u t e d f o r t w o z i r c o n f r ac -

t i o n s is r e p o r t e d b y N e v e s e t a l. ( 1 9 7 9 ) f o r

c o n t i n e n t a l - t y p e r h y o l i t i c r o c k s ( C o n c e i 9 a o d o

M a t o D e n t r o r h y o l i t e ) f r o m t h e b a s e o f t h e E s -

p i n h a ~ o S u p e r g r o u p , w h i c h i s a d o m i n a n t l y

d a s t i c s e d i m e n t a r y s u c c e s s io n e x t e n d i n g i n t h e

N - S d i r e c ti o n f r o m t h e s t at e o f M i n a s G e r a i s

t o t h e s o u t h o f P i a u i s t a te ( s e e F ig . 7 ) . F u r t h e r

i s o t o p i c w o r k c a r r i e d o u t o n t h e r h y o l i t e s fr o m

t h e C o n c e i g 5 o d o M a t o D e n t r o a r e a r e v e a l e d a

y o u n g e r U - P b z i r c o n a g e o f 1 7 1 1 + 48 M a ( M a -

c h a d o e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 b ) . Z i r c o n f r a c t i o n s f r o m

r h y o l i t e s f r o m t h e s a m e S u p e r g r o u p i n t h e

S e r r o a n d D e s e m b a r g a d o r O t o n i r e g i o n s , f u r -

t h e r t o t h e s o u t h , g a v e u p p e r i n t e r c e p t a g es o f

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F i g . 7 . D i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e m a i n e a rl y - t o m i d - P r o t e r o z o i c

g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e a s s e m b l a g e s i n t h e B r a z i l i a n s h i e l d , r e -

f e r r e d t o i n t h e t e x t . A r e a s i n b l a c k r e p r e s e n t t h e d i s t r i -

b u t i o n o f t h e s u p r a c r u s t a l s e q u e n c e s; A = C e n t r a l A m a -

z o n i a n P r o v in c e ; B = A r a i G r o u p ; C = E s p i n h a q o

S u p e r g r o u p ; a = P h a n e r o z o i c s e d i m e n t a r y b a s i n s ; b = L a t e

P r o t e r o z o i c o r o g e n i c a r e a s ; 1 = A m a z o n i a n c r a t o n ; 2 = S ~ o

F r a n c i s c o c r a t o n .

1 71 5 ± 2 M a a n d 1 7 52 + 2 M a , r e s p e c t i v e l y

( M a c h a d o e t a l. , 1 9 8 9 b ) . I n th e P a r a m i r i m r e-g i o n ( B a h i a s t a t e ) , r h y o l i t e s b e l o n g i n g t o t h e

R i o d o s R e m 6 d i o s G r o u p ( b a s e o f t h e E s p in -

h a g o S u p e r g r o u p ) h a v e t i n - b e a r i n g g r e i s e n s

a n d a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e v o l v e d g r a n i t e s h a v -

i n g a U - P b z i r c o n a g e o f 1724___ 5 M a ( T u r p i n

e t a l . , 1 9 8 8 ) . T h e r e i s , t h e r e f o r e , a r e l a t i v e l y

g o o d t e m p o r a l c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n t h e

c o n t i n e n t a l - t y p e a c i d m a g m a t i c e v e n t a s s o c i -

a t e d w i t h t h e A r a i G r o u p i n G o if is a n d t h a t a s-

s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e E s p i n h a g o S u p e r g r o u p i n

B a h i a a n d M i n a s G e r a i s .

V e r y f e w U - P b z i r c o n d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r

t h e g r a n i t i c / r h y o l i t ic p r o v i n c e s o f t h e A m a -

z o n i a n r e g io n . T h e c h r o n o l o g y o f m a g m a t i c

e v e n t s i n t h a t a r e a i s m a i n l y b a s e d o n w h o l e -

r o c k R b - S r i s o c h r o n r e s u l t s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , a

g e n e r a l c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e A - t y p e g r a n i -

t ic m a g m a t i s m i n G o if is a n d i n t h e A m a z o n i a n

c r a t o n c a n b e e n v i s a g e d , a s a l r e a d y s u g g e s t e d

b y D a l l ' A g n o l e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) . D a l l ' A g n o l e t a l .

i d e n t i f y o n e m a i n m i d - P r o t e r o z o i c A - t y p e

g r a n i t i c / r h y o l i t i c a s s e m b l a g e i n t h e C e n t r a l

A m a z o n i a n P r o v i n c e , i n th a t c r a t o n i c a re a . T h e

g r a n i t es f r o m t h a t a r e a h a v e R b - S r a g es v a r y -

i n g f r o m 1 8 00 t o 1 4 00 M a . U - P b z i r c o n d a t aa r e r e p o r t e d f o r t h e S e r r a d o s C a r a j f i s g r a n i t e

i n t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n p a r t o f t h e p r o v i n c e . T h e y

y i e l d e d a n u p p e r i n t e r c e p t a g e o f 1 8 2 0 ___4 9 M a

( W i r t h e t a l. , 1 9 8 6 ) . O l d e r U - P b z i r c o n ag e s

( f r o m 1 8 74 to 1 88 5 M a ) a r e r e p o r t e d f o r t h r e e

a n o r o g e n i c g r a n it e s i n t h e C a r a jf is a r e a ( M a -

c h a d o e t a l. , 1 9 8 8 ) .

T h e m a g m a t i c e v e n t t h a t p r o d u c e d v o l u m i -

n o u s a l k a l i - r i c h t i n - b e a r i n g g r a n i t e s a n d a s s o -

c i a t e d r h y o l i t e s a t ,-, 1 8 0 0 - 1 7 0 0 M a i n t h e

A m a z o n i a n r e g io n , w h i c h is c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s

w i t h s i m i l a r e v e n t s i n G o i~ is , B a h i a a n d M i n a s

G e r a i s , i s k n o w n a s t h e A k a w a i a n e p i s o d e ( Is -

s l er a n d L i m a , 1 9 8 7 ) . T h i c k r h y o l i t ic b e d s i n -

t e r c a l a t e d w i t h c o a r s e - g r a i n e d c l a s t i c s e d i -

m e n t s t h a t c o v e r l a rg e a r ea s o f t h e C e n t r a l

A m a z o n i a n P r o v i n c e h av e y i el d e d R b - S r a g es

i n t h e r a n ge 1 9 0 0 - 1 8 0 0 M a ( U a t u m a v o l ca n -

i c s ) ( C u n h a e t a l ., 1 98 1; S a n t o s , 1 9 8 4 ) .

Y o u n g e r R b - S r a g es ( 1 6 5 0 - 1 6 0 0 M a ) a r e a l so

r e p o r t e d f o r t h e T e l e s P i r e s a c i d v o l c a n i c s( T a s s i n a r i e t a l ., 1 9 7 8 ) . A c c o r d i n g t o

D a l l ' A g n o l e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l o c -

c u r r e n c e s o f u n d a t e d a c i d p y r o c l a s t ic r o c k s i n -

t e r c a l a t e d i n t h e s e d i m e n t a r y c o v e r s , i n d i c a t -

i n g v o l c a n i c e p i s o d e s o f v a r i e d a g e s i n t h e

C e n t r a l A m a z o n i a n P r o v i n c e . T h e r e f o r e , d e -

s p i te t h e f a c t t h a t t h e c h r o n o l o g y o f e v e n t s i n

t h e A m a z o n i a n r e g i o n i s n o t v e r y w e l l c o n -

s t r a i n e d , t h e r e i s s o m e e v i d e n c e i n d i c a t i n g

g e n e r a l c o n t e r r i p o r a n e i t y b e t w e e n t h e c o n t i -

n e n t a l m a g m a t i c e v e n t s i n G o if is , M i n a s G e r -

a i s a n d B a h i a , i n c e n t r a l B r a z i l, a n d a t l e a st p a r t

o f t h e A - t y p e a c i d m a g m a t i c e p i s o d e i n t h e

C e n t r a l A m a z o n i a n P r o v i n c e . T h e m a j o r d i f -

f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e g r a n i t e / r h y o l i t e a s s e m -

b l a g e s i n t h i s p r o v i n c e a n d t h o s e i n c e n t r a l /

e a s t e r n B r a z i l , i s t h a t t h e l a t t e r h a v e b e e n i n -

v o l v e d i n a l a t e r t e c t o n i c e p i s o d e , t h e B r a s i l i -

a n o / P a n - A f r i c a n o r o g e n i c e v e n t ( ca . 6 0 0 M a

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U-Pb ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY OF PRECAMBRIAN TIN-BEARING CONTINENTAL-TYPEACID MAGMATISM 333

a g o ) , w h i l e t h e P r e c a m b r i a n t e r ra n e s i n t h e

c e n t ra l p o r ti o n o f t h e A m a z o n i a n c r a t o n h a v e

b e e n s t ab l e s i n c e e a r l y - P r o t e r o z o i c t i m e s .

T h e m a g m a t i c e v e n t s d i s c u s s e d h e r e a r e

b r o a d l y c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s w i t h t h e e p i s o d e s

t h a t g a v e r i se t o t h e e x t e n s i v e g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t ep r o v i n c e s b e t w e e n c a . 1 8 0 0 a n d 1 3 40 M a a g o

i n t h e m i d c o n t i n e n t r eg i o n o f N o r t h A m e r i c a

( V a n S c h m u s a n d B i c k f o r d , 1 98 1; V a n S c h m u s

a n d H i n z e , 1 9 8 5; B i c k f o r d e t a l. , 1 9 8 6 ; V a n

B r e e m e n a n d D a v i d s o n , 1 9 8 8) a n d i n o t h e r

p a r ts o f t h e N o r t h e r n H e m i s p h e r e s u c h a s

s o u t h G r e e n l a n d ( G u l s o n a n d K r o g h , 1 9 7 5 )

a n d t h e e as t E u r o p e a n p l a t fo r m , U S S R ( S a lo p ,

1 9 7 7 ) w h e r e a n o r o g e n i c g r a n i t i c r o c k s d a t e d

b e t w e e n 1 6 00 a n d 1 7 50 M a a r e p re s e n t .

A c c o r d i n g t o V a n B r e e m e n a n d D a v i d s o n

( 1 98 8 ) , t h e a g e s o f t h e g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e a s s o -

c i a ti o n s i n t h e m i d c o n t i n e n t r e g i o n o f N o r t h

A m e r i c a f a l l i n t o t w o m a j o r g r o u p i n g s . T h e

o l d e r ( 1 8 0 0 - 1 6 0 0 M a ) is b r o a d l y c o n t e m p o r -

a n e o u s w i t h t h e g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e a s s o c i a t i o n

d a t e d i n G oi~ is , M i n a s G e r a i s a n d B a h i a s t a t e s

i n c e n t r a l - e a s t e r n B r a z i l , a n d p o s s i b l y w i t h

t h o s e f o r m e d d u r i n g t h e e a r l i e r p h a s e s o f A -

t y p e f e l s i c m a g m a t i s m i n t h e A m a z o n i a n r e -

g i o n ( t h e A k a w a i a n e p i s o d e ) .I n t h e B r a z i l ia n s h i e l d , t h e c a u s e s o f s u c h e p -

i s o d e s a r e s t il l n o t v e r y w e l l u n d e r s t o o d . I n t r a -

c o n t i n e n t a l , e n t i r e l y a n o r o g e n i c s e tt i ng s , w h e r e

r i f t in g o f t h e c o r f t i n e n t a l c r u s t a n d a s s o c i a t e d

a c i d m a g m a t i s m i s r e l a t e d t o a m a n t l e h o t s p o t ,

h a v e b e e n s u g g e s t e d b y M a r i n i e t a l. ( 1 9 86 ) t o

e x p l a i n t h e g e n e s i s o f t h e g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e

p r o v i n c e i n G o i ~ i s . D a l l ' A g n o l e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 )

s u g g e s t t h a t u n e x p o s e d m a f i c m a g m a c o u l d

h a v e b e e n t h e h e a t s o u r c e f o r t h e e x t e n s i v e

c r u st a l r e m e l t in g e v e n t i n t h e A m a z o n i a n c r a-

t o n d u r i n g m i d - P r o t e r o z o i c t i m e s . H o w e v e r ,

t h e g e n e r a l l a c k o f g e o c h r o n o l o g i c a l w o r k i n

b o t h r e g i o n s d o e s n o t a l l o w d e f i n i t i v e c o n c l u -

s i o n s . I n f a c t , e x t e n s i v e p r o v i n c e s o f fe l s ic

m a g m a t i c r o c k s i n c o n t i n e n t a l s e t t i n g s c a n b e

s u b d u c t i o n - r e l a t e d . O n e e x a m p l e i s t h e c a .

1 00 0 k m w i d e " i g n i m b r i t e f l a r e- u p " t e r r a in o f

t h e W e s t e r n U S C o r d i l l e r a , e x t e n d i n g f r o m t h e

S n a k e R i v e r P l a i n t o c e n t r a l M e x i c o . S u c h a

s e t ti n g , a c c o r d i n g t o V a n B r e e m e n a n d D a v -

i d s o n ( 1 9 8 8 ) , c o u l d re p r e s e n t a r e c e n t a n a -

l o gu e o f t h e m i d - P r o t e r o z o i c g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e

p r o v i n c e s o f t h e m i d c o n t i n e n t r e g io n o f N o r t h

A m e r i c a .

Con c l u s i o n s

T h e g e o c h r o n o l o g i c a l d a t a o b t a i n e d r e v e a l

t h e e x i s t e n c e o f a n i n t r a -p l a t e , c o n t i n e n t a l - t y p e

a c i d m a g m a t i c e p i s o d e a f f e c t i n g t h e e a s t e r n

p o r t i o n o f t h e T o c a n t i n s S t r u c t u r a l P r o v i n c e i n

c e n t r a l B r a z il a t c a . 1 7 7 0 M a a g o . T h i s e v e n t is

r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e t i n - b e a r i n g , A - t y p e g r a n i t ic

p l u t o ns o f t h e R i o P a r a n ~ S u b - P r o v i n c e a n d

b y t h e r h y o l i t e s o f t h e b a s e o f t h e A r a i G r o u p .

A c o n s i d e r a b ly y o u n g e r U - P b z i r co n a g e

( 1 5 7 4 - 1 6 1 4 M a ) w a s o b t a i n e d f o r o n e g r a n i -

t i c p l u t o n o f t h e R i o T o c a n t i n s S u b - P r o v i n c e

( S e r r a d a M e s a g r a n i t e ) . I t re v e a l s a d i f f e r e n t

p h a s e o f i n t r u s i o n o f t in - g r a n i t e s a n d r a is e s t h e

p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e o t h e r g r a n i t e s i n t h e R T S

a r e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e s a m e a g e , a s t h e y a r e

s i m i l a r w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e i r f i e l d , s t r u c t u r a l ,

p e t r o g r a p h i c a n d g e o c h e m i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s ti c sa n d t o t h e s ty l e o f t h e t i n m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( M a r -

i n i a n d B o t e l h o , 1 9 8 6 ) .

T h e d a t a p r e s e n t e d h e r e d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e

g r a n i t e - r h y o l i t e p r o v i n c e i n c e n t r a l - e a s t e r n

G o i ~ i s , c o v e r i n g l a r g e a r e a s i n b e t w e e n t h e

A m a z o n i a n a n d S ~ o F r a n c i s c o c r a t o n s ( F i g .

7 ) , i s b r o a d l y c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s w i t h s i m i l a r

r o c k a s s o c i a t i o n s e x p o s e d i n t h o s e c r a t o n i c

r e g i o n s .

I n c o n c l u s io n , a n e n o r m o u s v o l u m e o f al -

k a l i - r i c h , c o n t i n e n t a l - t y p e a c i d m a g m a s w a s

p r o d u c e d i n s e v e r a l a r e a s o f t h e B r a z i l i a n P r e -

c a m b r i a n s h i e l d a t c a . 1 8 0 0 - 1 6 0 0 M a a g o, a n d

a l so a t l a t e r t im e s , i n t h e c a s e o f t h e A m a z o n -

i a n r e g i o n . T h e p a r e n t a l m a g m a s m a y h a v e

b e e n d e r i v e d f r o m t h e r e m e l t i n g o f p r e -e x i st -

i n g e a r l y P r o t e r o z o i c o r A r c h a e a n c o n t i n e n t a l

c r u s t, a s s u g g e st e d b y t h e i n h e r i t a n c e p a t t e r n s

i n t h e z i r c o n s f r o m t h e R P S i n G o i~ is .

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3 3 4 M.M. PIM ENTEL ET AL

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the finan-

cial support provided by CIDA (Canadian In-

ternational Development Agency) for the U-

Pb analysis in the Royal Ontario Museum. Wealso thank Stephen Moorbath and Paul Taylor

for reviewing early versions of the manuscript.

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