plants characteristics there are two main types of plants, non- vascular and vascular there are two...

Plants Characteristics

There are two main types of plants, non-vascular and vascular

Eukaryote Cell Type Domain Eukarya and Plantae Kingdom Multi-cellular and have Cell Wall Autotrophs-Make their own food Photosynthesis 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight -

>C6H12O6 +6O2

Non vascular plants

Do not have vascular tissue to carry the nutrients and water throughout the plant

They must live in water or moist surroundings They are usually small and grow close to the ground No Roots Ex. Mosses, hornworts and liverworts are examples

of nonvascular plants

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Nonvascular Plants Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts

(Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta)

Liverworts Hornworts

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Vascular plants

Vascular tissue is small tubes inside the plant that transport food and water through the plant

two types of vascular tissue: phloem and xylem

Xylem moves water Phloem moves nutrients (aka Food) produced

by photosynthesis down from the leaves to the rest of the plant

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Seed-Producing Vascular Plants Includes two groups –

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones

Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds

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Gymnosperms

Ginkgo

Cycad

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The oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine

The tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood

Examples of vascular plants:sequoia tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum)

Gymnosperms (Naked Seed) Plants that do not have flowers are called

Gymnosperms Conifers, ginkgos and cycads are examples of

Gymnosperms

Plants that have flowers are called Angiosperms

Angiosperm

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Angiosperms Flowering plants Seeds are formed when an egg or

ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary

Ovary is within a flower Flower contains the male

(stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant

Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds)

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Flowers have male and female parts The male part is called the stamen The stamen is made of the anther and the

filament The anther produces pollen

Fertilization and Importance

Pollen is sometimes spread by birds, bats, insects or wind

All living things on Earth are dependent on plants for their existence.

We depend on them for food and for oxygen

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Angiosperms Subdivided into two groups –

Monocots and Dicots Monocots have a single seed

cotyledon Dicots have two seed cotyledons

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Parts of the Seed

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Monocots and Dicots

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Tropism = a plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus.* Positive tropism is when it grows toward a stimulus.* Negative is when it grows away from it.* Stimuli can be light, touch, and even gravity.

- Touch (thigmotropism) [vines coil around anything they

touch.]- Light (phototropism) [leaves, stems, etc, grow toward

light.]- Gravity (geotropism)(Positive) roots grow toward gravity’s

pull(Negative) stems grow away from its

pull

Plant Adaptations

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Thigmotropism Geotropism

Phototropism

http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=pCFstSMvAMIvideo

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LAB ACTIVITY: Celery Lab

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Review Plant Parts Online Activity

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Bee

Hummingbird

All living things on Earth are dependent on plants for their existence.

We depend on them for food and for oxygen

Plants

All plants are multicellular All plants are eukaryotes All plants have a cell wall

All plants are autotrophs They produce energy through the process

called photosynthesis The formula for photosynthesis is:

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Plant Characteristics Multicellular eukaryotes Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Surrounded by cell walls containing

cellulose (polysaccharide) Store reserve food as amylose

(starch)

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Parts of The Plant Roots

Leaves Stem Flower Seed

Plants have three main organs

Leaves

The leaves function is to capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis

Stems

The stems function is to support the plant and provide a place through which water and nutrients move

Roots

The roots anchor the plant to the soil and absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Root Functions

Absorption of water and nutrients performed by root hairs

Transportation of water and nutrients to stem

Anchor plant to maintain stability Store food and water

Roots have 4 primary functions

Important Functions of Leaves

Photosynthesis Process that plants use to produce their

food 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Transpiration Loss of water and exchange of carbon

dioxide

Functions of the Stem Transport water

and nutrients from roots to leaves

Supports leaves, fruit, and flowers

Food storage

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Plant

Divisions

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Nonvascular Plants Do not have

vascular tissue for support or conduction of materials

Require a constantly moist environment

Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes

Sporophyte stage

Gametophyte Stage

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Nonvascular Plants Plants can’t grow as tall Cells must be in direct contact

with moisture Materials move by diffusion cell-

to-cell Sperm must swim to egg through

water droplets

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Plant Divisions

Plants are divided into two groups

Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials

Called Vascular System

Vascular Bundles

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Vascular System Xylem tissue carries water

and minerals upward from the roots

Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used

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Examples of vascular plantsCoconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

ConifersGiant sequoia

Gingko

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The female part is called the pistil It is made of the stigma, style and the ovary Inside the ovary are ovules

which when fertilized, will mature

into seeds

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Plant Uses

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Why We Can’t do Without Plants!

Produce oxygen for the atmosphere

Produce lumber for building Provide homes and food for

many organisms Prevent erosion Used for food

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More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!

Produce wood pulp for paper products

Source of many medicines Ornamental and shade for

yards Fibers such as cotton for

fabric Dyes copyright cmassengale

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Plant Adaptations to Land

Problems: Need minerals Gravity Increase in Height

for Light Adaptations for

Drier environment Reproduction

Solutions: Roots absorb H2O &

minerals Lignin & cellulose in cell

walls Vascular Transport

System Waxy cuticle & stomata

with guard cells Pollen containing sperm

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EXIT TICKET

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