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PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
MATERIALS:
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA.
STAINLESS STEEL
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA TOILET
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
STAINLESS STEEL TOILET
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FLUSH TYPE
FLUSH TANK:
SUPPLIED WITH A 3/8” OR ½” LINE.
TANK REFILLS SLOWLY.
REPEAT FLUSHING IS DELAYED UNTIL THE TANK REFILLS.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FLUSH TYPE
FLUSH VALVE:
SUPPLIED WITH A ONE INCH LINE TO HANDLE A SHORT BURST OF HIGH VELOCITY WATER.
NO DELAY IN RE-FLUSHING.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CLEANSING ACTION
SIPHON-JET:
WATER ENTERS THROUGH THE RIM FOR CLEANSING & JETS UP IN THE LEG OF THE TRAPWAY TO CREATE A SIPHON.
QUIET OPERATION.
USES LESS THAN FOUR GALLONS PER FLUSH.
MOST COMMONLY USED SYSTEM: WIDELY USED IN PRIVATE & RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS.
WHEN USED WITH A FLUSH VALVE, IT IS CALLED A FLUSHOMETER.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CLEANSING ACTION
BLOWOUT DESIGN:
USES A DIRECT JET STREAM FOR BOWL EVACUATION.
FLUSHING ACTION IS RAPID & FORCEFUL.
HIGHLY EFFICIENT DUE TO A HIGH VELOCITY WATER DESIGN.
SELF-CLEANSING & LOW MAINTENANCE.
LOW WATER USAGE. (MAX.. 3.5 GALLONS PER FLUSH).
VERY NOISY.
NOT USED WITH TANK FLUSHING.
USED IN HEAVY DUTY INSTALLATIONS SUCH AS STADIUMS & INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FLOOR MOUNTED TOILET
MOUNTING TYPE:
FLOOR MOUNTED
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
MOUNTING TYPE
WALL-HUNG:
MOST COSTLY TO INSTALL.
MUST BE MOUNTED ON CONCEALED CARRIERS.
EASIER TO MAINTAIN.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET
PRESSURIZED AIR WITH WATER:AIR-ASSISTED TOILET THAT USES ONLY TWO QUARTS OF WATER PER FLUSH.
AIR COMPRESSOR SUPPLIES THE COMPRESSED AIR THAT ASSISTS THE WATER FLUSH.
USES MODEST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET
INCINERATION:COMES IN EITHER A TOILET OR URINAL MODEL.
NO PLUMBING CONNECTIONS.
REQUIRES ONLY THE SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE STANDARD-SIZE UNIT ABOVE THE FLOOR LINE.
WASTE REDUCED TO A SMALL VOLUME OF ASH.
REQUIRES ELECTRICAL POWER ONLY.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET
COMPOSTING:CHAMBER BELOW THE FLOOR HOLDS THE WASTE IN IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR DECOMPOSITION BY AEROBIC DIGESTION.
ROOM AIR IS CONTINUOUSLY DRAWN INTO THE COMPOSTING CHAMBER & VENTED OUT THROUGH THE ROOF.
ELIMINATES WATER CONSUMPTION BUT INCREASES ENERGY CONSUMPTION.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
URINALS:
VITREOUS CHINA OR ENAMELED IRON.
COMES IN SIPHON-JET & BLOWOUT TYPES.
EITHER WALL OR FLOOR MOUNTED.
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA URINAL
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BIDETS:
LOW BASIN USED TO BATH ONE’S PRIVATE PARTS.
CONSTRUCTED OF VITREOUS CHINA .
HOT & COLD WATER ENTER AROUND THE FLUSHING RIM, WITH A SPRAY RINSE AS AN OPTIONAL FEATURE.
SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA BIDET
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BATHTUBS:
MATERIALS:
ENAMELED CAST IRON.
PORCELAIN ENAMEL ON PRESSED STEEL.
FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC.
STANDARD SIZES:
5’-0” & 6’-0”
FREESTANDING BATHTUB
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CUSTOM TRAVERTINE BATHTUB
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
LE CORBUSIER, BATHROOM, VILLA SAVOY, POISSY, FR, 1929-31
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
SHOWERS: SHOWERS CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH A BATHTUB OR BE INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED INTO SHOWER STALLS.
THERMOSTATIC VALVES MIX THE WATER FOR THE DESIRED OUTLET TEMPERATURE.
BETTER-DESIGNED CONTROL VALVES HAVE A PRESSURE BALANCE FEATURE SO THAT WATER TEMPERATURE WILL NOT FLUCTUATE.
INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED SHOWER STALL
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
CUSTOM SHOWER STALL
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
LAVATORIES:
LAVATORIES CAN BE MADE USING A VARIETY OF MATERIALS.
LAVATORIES IN PUBLIC FACILITIES SHOULD HAVE SELF-CLOSING FAUCETS TO MINIMIZE WATER WASTE.
PEDESTAL LAVATORY
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BANK OF LAVATORIES
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
KITCHEN SINKS:
MATERIALS: STAINLESS STEEL, ENAMELED CAST IRON, PRE-CAST TERRAZZO OR REINFORCED GLASS FIBER.
STAINLESS STEEL SINKS ARE PREFERRED BECAUSE THEY ARE DURABLE & EASY TO CLEAN.
AVAILABLE IN SINGLE-, DOUBLE- AND TRIPLE COMPARTMENTS.
STAINLESS STEEL KITCHEN SINK
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONWATER CLOSETS
URINALS
BIDETS
BATHTUBS
SHOWERS
LAVATORIES
KITCHEN SINKS
SLOP SINKS
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
SERVICE SINKS:
SERVICE SINKS, SOMETIMES CALLED SLOP SINKS, ARE LOCATED IN JANITOR’S ROOMS FOR FILLING BUCKETS, CLEANING MOPS AND FOR GENERAL PURPOSE CLEANING.
SLOP SINK
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FIXTURE UNIT: PROBABLE DEMAND IS DEFINED IN FIXTURE UNITS.
A FIXTURE UNIT IS A UNIT FLOW RATE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO 1 CUBIC FOOT PER MINUTE.
FIXTURE UNITS
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FIXTURE UNITS
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
DEMAND LOAD
BECAUSE IT IS UNLIKELY THAT ALL THE FIXTURES IN A BUILDING WOULD BE IN USE AT THE SAME TIME, CHARTS ARE AVAILABLE THAT RELATE FIXTURE UNITS TO FLOW IN
GALLONS PER MINUTE.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMANDFLOW RATE
DEMAND LOAD
FRICTION LOSS
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
FRICTION LOSS:
PIPING
METERS
FICTION LOSS
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPSFUNCTION
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPES
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
TRAPS:
FUNCTION:PREVENTS SEWER GASES FROM ENTERING THE SPACE.
SELF-CLEANING.
REQUIRED ON ALL FIXTURES.
ACCESSIBILITY:ACCESSIBLE FOR CLEANOUT.
WITHIN TWO FEET OF THE FIXTURE.
TRAPS
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPSFUNCTION
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPES
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
TRAP TYPES
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BACK-SIPHONING OF SEWAGE INTO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
WHEN FLOW STOPS THE DISC AUTOMATICALLY SEALS ITSELF TO PREVENT BACK FLOW.
VACUUM BREAKERS
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
BACKFLOW PREVENTER: CHECK VALVES.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATIONDEFINITION
SOLUTION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
AIR GAP
SOLUTIONS TO CROSS- CONTAMINATION:
AIR GAP BETWEEN SUPPLY OUTLET & THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE LEVEL OF WATER (2’ GAP).
PLUMBING FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
WATER DEMAND
TRAPS
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
NUMBER OF FIXTURES
NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE
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