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Pollution Control Policies & Good Practice For Industry in Thailand
Chayawee Wangcharoenrung Ph.D.Water Quality Management Bureau,
Pollution Control Department, MNRE Thailand
Regional Forum on Environmental Compliance in Industrial Sector 24 September 2015 at Novotel Bangkok, Thailand
Presentation Structure - Thailand
Industrial Pollution Control Policies and Regulations
• Industrial Statistics• Pollution Status• Overall Structure of Regulation on Industrial Pollution Control• Related Governmental Agencies• Policies, strategies, legislations and regulations related to industrial
pollution control• Obstacles and Solutions
Discussion on Good Practices in Promoting Compliance in Industrial Sector• Good Practices
2Page
2015th State of Pollution
Percentage of Days that PM10 Exceeding Standard in 2014 - 2015
Bangkok and Surrounding
Area
NorthCentral East SouthN.E.
2014
2015
Office of the Prime
Minister, OPM
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, MOAC Ministry of Commerce, MOC Ministry of Culture, MCulture
Ministry of Defence, MOD Ministry of Education, MOEMinistry of Energy, MOEN Ministry of Finance, MOF
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MFA Ministry of Industry, MOI
Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, ICT Ministry of Interior, MOI Ministry of Justice, MOJ Ministry of Labor, MOL
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MNRE Ministry of Public Health, MOPH
Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, MOS
Ministry of Tourism and Sports, MTS Ministry of Transport, MOT
19 Ministries
Thai Government Structure
Main Regulation
Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (NEQA 1992)
Main legal framework forenvironmental management inThailand. Using national standards to manage pollution sources. Using National committee as mechanism.
MNRE As umbrella to cover environmental regulation gap; mainly no criminal or civil liability for violation of standards.
Factory Act B.E. 2535 (FA 1992)
Main regulation that supervise factory activities and operations. Provides definitions, standards, expansion criteria and reports.
MOI MOI also promotes industrial development
Hazardous Substance Act B.E. 2535 (HSA 1992)
Control hazardous substances possession and set up a toxic substance committee.
MOI Classified hazardous substance to 4 categories according to level of control.
Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (PHA 1992)
Regulates nuisance activities such as odor, chemical fumes, wastewater discharge. Effect large and small factories.
MOPH Authorities of this act are handed over to local government. According to decentralized policy of government.
Set by NEQA 1992 Sect 55 and enforced directly by
FA 1992
Set by NEQA 1992 Sect. 32, indirect control
Control StrategyThai Environmental
Standards for Industry
Ambient Standards Effluent Standards
Wastewater Effluent General Std.Surface Water Quality Std.
Wastewater Effluent Specific Std.
Water Reuse Guideline (Std.)Coastal Water Quality Std.
Ground Water Quality Std.
Ambient Air Std.
VOCs in Ambient Air Std.
Emission Std. for Power Plants
Emission Std. for Waste Incinerators
Emission Std. for Mining and Quarry
Emission Std. for Cement Plants
Emission Std. for Gasoline Terminals
General Emission Std.
Ambient Noise Std.
Vibration from Mining and Quarry Std.
Enforced by PHA 1992
Enforced by Royal Irrigation Dept.
(Royal Irrigation Act.)
Enforced by Marine Dept. (Navigation in Thai Waterway Act.)
Enforced by FA 1992
Control Strategy (cont.)
Permitting SystemEnforced by NEQA 1992
Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)
Factory Establishment Permit (Sect. 7)
Control of New Factory Establishment in Chopraya River Basin
Water Discharge Permit to Main River
Water Discharge Permit to Irrigation Waterway
Business that Has Detrimental Effect to
Health License
condition
Enfo
rced
by
NEQ
A 1
992
Enforced by FA 1992
Control Strategy (cont.)
Operation Control (Auditing)
Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator License (Sect. 73)
Pollution Control Equipment's Supervisor(MOI Notification 2011)
Wastewater Treatment or Pollution Control Inspection
(Sect. 82)
General Factory Inspection(Sect 35)
Enforced by FA 1992
Control Strategy (cont.)
Reporting System
Enforced by NEQA 1992
Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment System Monthly Report
(Sect. 80)
Emission Report (2 times/yr) (DIW Notification on 2012)
BOD/COD Online System(MOI Notification on 2011)
Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMs) (MOI Notification on 2011)
Enforced by Marine Dept. (Navigation In Thai Waterway Act.)
Water Discharge Analysis Report (4 times/yr)
Control Strategy - Green Industry
Sustainable Development
ContinuousImprovement
Sustainable Development
Improvement such that become environmental
friendly
Focus on social responsibilitywhich supports sustainable
development policy
Level 1 –Green Commitment
Level 2 –Green Activities
Level 3 –Green System
Level 4 –Green Culture
Level 5 –Green Network
Having business policy on
environment
•Environmental policy
•Implement•Evaluate•Reexamine
Having business policy on
environment and implement
• All in level 3• Development of
green culture• Disclose
environmental data
•All in level 4•Green supply chain•Environmental data report and relationship promotion
Green Supply Chain
ISO 26000
ISO 14001/50001
Green Product
CT
Lean Manufacturing
MOI Level of Green Industry Development
Control Strategy – Eco Industrial Town
ECO = Ecology + Economy
Decrease Pollution and Waste Increase Business Success
Eco-Industrial Town was designed to develop the economy and the ecology in and industrial town in a sustainable manner including economic, social and environmental aspect.
Eco Industrial Town is …1. Industrial town that factories inside aware of both environmental and production
improvement2. Industrial town that factories and business inside cooperate with each other in order
to manage environment and natural resource3. Industrial town that factories and business inside can see the benefit of
environmental quality protection
A defined area, a laboratory, where various different eco-concepts such as green procurement, CSR, reporting system green label, integrated waste management, and 3R can be developed and implemented.
Kitakyushu Japan
Main Obstacles and Solutions
• Identified topics and agencies then propose a coordination mechanism
coordination and overlapping authority
between agencies
• Increase number of inspection and enforcement officers• Using auditing system (future policy)
not enough inspection and enforcement
• Use “one stop service” policy (new regulation just out!)no integrated permitting system
• Move from self reporting toward third-party auditingintegrity and trustworthy of reporting
• PCD try to integrate concept of economic instrument into new NEQA such as pollution discharge fee
environmental quality has no economical value
Focusing on Public Participation by recruiting college students to help in factories environmental inspection/survey.
o Over 25 universities has joined the program (in Bangkok metro area)
o 120,000 factories all over the country are targeted
o Allotted budget of 46.3 Million Baht. (1.5 mil $)
Environmental Army Project 2005-2007
Environmental Army (cont.)
1. Factories environmental survey with wastewater and smoke sample collection
2. Building factories wastewater database which will help on future planning
3. Technical Assistance for factories that do not meet standard
Location of factories surveyed:Blue dot indicated factories that
comply with effluent std.Red dot indicated factories that need
to improve.
Environmental Army Project (cont.)
Data Collected Contact address GPS Coordinate Pictures of front door and effluent points Boiler’s exhaust opacity with Ringelmann
scale Effluent wastewater quality
Example of Green Label Products..• Recycled Papers• Recycled plastic utilities• Fluorescent light bulb• Emulsion paints (no Pb & Hg)• Refrigerator• Sanitary ware• Air Conditions• Battery• Spray without CFC• Envi Friendly Detergent• Computer• Insulation• Automobile • Television• Fan• Tire• Vacuum Cleaner• LED light bulb
Green Label• Certification awarded to specific products that are
shown to have minimum impact on the environment in comparison with other products
• Initiated by the Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development in October 1993
• The Thai green label board is set to take all major decisions regarding the green label. Thailand Environmental Institute as secretariat.
• The technical subcommittee is set to review criteria, test methods, and other requirements for applicants of Green Label. So far, 90 criteria have been developed
• See criteria at http://www.tei.or.th/greenlabel /thcategories.html
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