posidonia oceanica , a usefull tool to biomonitor the pollution of mediterranean coastal
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Posidonia oceanica, a usefull tool to biomonitor the pollution of Mediterranean coastal areas by trace elements
J. Richir, R. Biondo, J.-M. Bouquegneau, S. Gobert.
Bruxelles02-12-11
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Trace elements Ecotoxicology pollution
bioindicators =organisms accumulating pollutants to levels representative of their habitat pollution status.
P. oceanica M. galloprovincialis
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Trace elements Ecotoxicology pollution
bioindicators =organisms accumulating pollutants to levels representative of their habitat pollution status.
P. oceanica M. galloprovincialis
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Trace elements Ecotoxicology biomonitoring
TE Cd Pb Cu Zn Cr Fe Ni
# ref. 34 29 27 25 22 14 13
TE As Se Ag Co Mn Al
# ref. 3 3 2 2 2 1
TE Be Bi V Mo Sn Sb
# ref. 0 0 0 0 0 0
[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica - baselines spatial variation - contamination sources kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs]
Objectives:
Stations PACA-Corsican coasts
EXAMPLE
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 I II III IV V VIVII0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Bi (
µg.
g DW
-1)
Bi - 18 stations PACA-Corsican coasts
EXAMPLE
1
H9-H1
Bi - Ajaccio
EXAMPLE
2
RESULTS
H9-H1
Bi - Ajaccio
EXAMPLE
2
H9H8
H7
H6
H5
H3
H2
H1
H4
H9 H
8
H7
H6
H5
H3
H2
H1
H4
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Bi (
µg.
g DW
-1)
H9 H8 H7 H6 H5 H4 H3 H2 H10.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
AN AS Calvi
Bi (
µg.
gD
W-1
)
Bi - Ajaccio
EXAMPLE
2
In situ TE contamination
• 6 days of contamination;
• 15 TEs (Pb, Co, Ag, Al, Mn, etc.);
• 410L bell-shaped mesocosm;
• Contamination every 12 hours (9am-9pm);
• 15 days of decontamination.
EXAMPLE
3
In situ TE contamination
EXAMPLE
3
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C60
5
10
15
20
25
D0 D1 D2 D3 D5 D7 D9 D15 Nov. March
Posidonia oceanica
DGTs in mesocosm (24h)
mean contamination level
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.40.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
DGTs in Posidonia bed (48h)
mean natural concentration
Contamination (C)26th May - 2nd June 09
Decontamination (D)2nd - 14th June 09
ControlsNov. 09 - March 10
Pb
(µg.
g-1 D
W)
Pb (µ
g.L-1)
EXAMPLE
3
Pb kinetics
limb
ligula
leaf base (petiole)
EDCB
A
rootleaf base
stipule
scale
rhizome
(A) shoot of leaves on a plagiotropic rhizome; (B, C) adult leaves; (D) intermediate leaf ; (E) juvenile leaf (Libes and Boudouresque,1987).
plagiotropic shoot
orthotropic shoot
rhizome
blade
roots
Tissue compartmentalization
1. V 2. Zn Hypotheses: water column accumulation residence time dilution effect
SAL
BAL
IL
18,7 ± 5,8 157 ± 7
Tissue compartmentalization - leaves
EXAMPLE
4
03/17/0
8
06/01/0
8
11/1
0/08
03/04/0
9
06/01/0
9
11/1
4/09
03/11/1
0
05/31/1
0
11/0
1/10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12ShootRhizomeRoots
V (
µg.
g-1 D
W)
Above- vs. bellow-ground tissues
EXAMPLE
5
EXAMPLE
6
Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V
03/17/0
8
06/01/0
8
11/1
0/08
03/04/0
9
06/01/0
9
11/1
4/09
03/11/1
0
05/31/1
0
11/0
1/10
0
2
4
6
8
VShoot weight
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
V (
µg.
g-1 D
W)
Shoot weight (g D
W)
Plant physiology - shoot weight vs. V
[TEs] in Posidonia oceanica
spatial variation - contamination sources - baselines
e.g. Bi : PACA-Corsican coasts and Ajaccio Bay
kinetics - accumulation vs. excretion
e.g. Pb
tissue speciation - preferential accumulation routes
e.g. V, Zn
plant physiology / seasonality vs. [TEs]
e.g. V vs. shoot weight
CONCLUSIONS
QUESTIONS
Thank you for your attention
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Geophysicochemistry
EcologyTrace elements
Ecotoxicology
fluxes;
spatial distribution;
speciation, balances, …
adverse effects;
pollution, …
ecosystems;
organisms.
flickr.comnewsvine.com corsematin.com
Analytical steps:
• homogeneous sample
• acidic digestion in a microwave oven
• measures : inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer
MATERIAL
-
METHODS
Laboratory analyses
Ethos D
ELAN DRCII
adult leavesshoots 1/6/9
Calvi
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