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Technologies for First RespondersKnow WHERE They Are and HOW They Are
Precision Indoor Personnel Location and Tracking for Emergency RespondersTechnology Workshop, August 4-6, 2008
Jalal MaparProgram ManagerInfrastructure & Geophysical DivisionScience and Technology DirectorateAug 5, 2008
• S&T Organization & IPT Process• First Responder Technologies
– Location Tracking and Monitoring– Physiological Health Monitoring
• Q&A
Topics
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Explosives Command, Control& Interoperability Borders/
Maritime
Human Factors
Infrastructure/Geophysical
Director of InnovationDirector of Research Director of Transition
Chem/Bio
(Research)(Applications)
(Innovation)
U/S for Science and Technology
Sec Dir Research
Sec Dir Transition
Sec Dir Research
Sec Dir Transition
Sec Dir Research
Sec Dir Transition
Sec Dir Research
Sec Dir Transition
Sec Dir Research
Sec Dir Transition
Sec Dir Research
Sec Dir Transition
DHS S&T Directorate
4
Infrastructure and Geophysical DivisionObjectives
Develop capabilities to identify and mitigate the vulnerabilities of the 17 critical infrastructure and improve the ability of the Nation to prepare for, respond to, and recover from all-hazards emergencies to keep our society and economy functioning
Program ElementsCritical Infrastructure ProtectionPreparedness & ResponseGeophysical
ObjectivesDevelop capabilities to identify and mitigate the vulnerabilities of the 17 critical infrastructure and improve the ability of the Nation to prepare for, respond to, and recover from all-hazards emergencies to keep our society and economy functioning
Program ElementsCritical Infrastructure ProtectionPreparedness & ResponseGeophysicalPreparedness & Response
5
Preparedness & ResponseObjectives
Enhance first responders ability to prepare for, respond to and recover from all-hazards emergencies through development and deployment of enabling technologies
CustomerDHS/FEMA (primary), and others (CBP, CG, TSA, …)
End-User44,000 Emergency Response Organizations 18,000 Law Enforcement Agencies30,000 Fire Departments83,000 State/Local Governments
ObjectivesEnhance first responders ability to prepare for, respond
to and recover from all-hazards emergencies through development and deployment of enabling technologies
CustomerDHS/FEMA (primary), and others (CBP, CG, TSA, …)
End-User44,000 Emergency Response Organizations 18,000 Law Enforcement Agencies30,000 Fire Departments83,000 State/Local Governments
6
Customer
T&E
U/S Cohen established the Capstone IPT Process to focus on customer needs
IPT Chaired by customer
DHS Management(Acquisition)
S&T Provider
End User
Building a Better Product Team
7
DHS Requirements/Capability Capstone IPTsDHS S&T Product – “Enabling Homeland Capabilities” (EHCs)
OIA
Acquisition
CBP/ICE
Acquisition AcquisitionC2I Borders/Maritime
OOC Inspector/Agents Policy
Acquisition Acquisition
ExplosivesBorders/Maritime
Guardsmen
CMO/IP
Information Sharing/Mgmt Border Security Chem/Bio Defense
Explosive PreventionMaritime Security
Agents
People Screening Infrastructure Protection
Acquisition Acquisition
US VISIT/TSA
Human Factors
Infrastructure/Geophysical
SCO/CIS IP
USCG TSA/USSS
Cargo Security
Officers/Industry
Acquisition/Policy Borders/
Maritime
Acquisition
Infrastructure/Geophysical/C2I
Infrastructure Owners/Operators
CBP
Chem/Bio
Cyber SecurityCS&C
InfrastructureOwners/Operators
Incident Management
Acquisition
First Responders
FEMA
Infrastructure/Geophysical
Prep & Response
C2I
First Responders
Acquisition
InteroperabilityFEMA/OEC
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High Priority Technology Needs
• Location Tracking System– Provide real-time location
positioning and monitoring of first responders
• Physiological Health Monitoring– Provide real-time health status of
first responders to Responders and Incident Commanders
Responder Technologies
Critical Technologies to Provide Situational Awareness and Save Lives
Critical Technologies to Provide Situational Awareness and Save Lives
“The Inter Agency Board, a working group of first responders that identifies and approves technologies for use by police, fire and ambulance services, has listed the development of a 3-D tracking system as one of its top research priorities … Commanders want icons on a screen showing them where all their personnel are, especially while they’re inside buildings … “
Chief Bob Ingram, FDNY and IAB ChairmanNational Defense Magazine, March 2008
http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2008/March/Tracking.htm
Locate 1st Responders in X, Y, and Z
Capability to Requirements
• Capability Need– Allow emergency managers,
including fire chiefs and other incident commanders, to rapidly and effectively deploy and re-deploy their forces or understand and respond to the consequences of potential threats to their forces
– Accurately locate and track incident responders in X-Y-Z
• Targeted situation areas–Inside of threatened
buildings–Collapsed buildings–Subterranean facilities or
underground
REQUIREMENTS• Specify the location of its host in three dimensions within 6
meters (3 meters desired) • *Assume building is not instrumented*
• Function in the extreme operational environments encountered by emergency responders
• Incident life of 2 hours or longer (4 hours desired)• Include a distress button and indicator of non-movement• Wirelessly transmit inside or outside of structures and
through rubble to an off-site incident command post, on-site incident command posts, emergency responders
• Self-initializing, calibrating, adjusting, and with diagnostic capabilities to ensure speed and reliability
• Resistant to potentially damaging electrical charge, protected from potentially dangerous gases, impact resistant, and waterproof
• Operate outside all buildings and inside of almost all buildings, no matter their structural state and environmental conditions
• Primary incident command posts should be able to monitor the status of the locator and its host from a radial distance from 30 meters to 100 meters (per relay)
• Base station is a combination of additional communications equipment and the laptop/portable computer and required software.
• Base station software must be able to display location and identification of personnel.
• Base station software must be able to link the unique identifier of the locator to a specific individual
• Base station must include visualization tools to allow incident commanders and site personnel to easily interpret incoming displayed information
• And many more …
Current Solution & ActivitiesSummary:• No viable single solution exist• Best approach is the “Cocktail Solution”• Current technology solution
GPS, Radio Frequency Ranging (UWB), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Barometric Altimeter, Wireless Mesh Network, …, visual display for the incident commander
• Responder wears the unit that transmits location info via a wireless network to a command post
Plan and Schedule:• Develop Prototype 3D Locator Hardware – FY07
• Critical Design – FY07• Small scale testing – FY07
• Prototype visual imaging and tracking – FY08• Pilot first responder 3D Locator System in major
urban areas across the U.S. – FY08/FY09• Improve accuracy to better than 3m – FY09• Enhance range and signal penetration in urban
environment – FY09/FY10
Current Technology Components
Wireless Ad-Hoc Network
Navigation Fusion
Altimeter
Inertial Magnetometer
GPSRF Ranging
900 MHzData Communications Link
Ranging Link
IMU/Magnetometer(MicroStrain)
3DM-GX1
FalcomJP-15
HoneywellPPT0015AFN2VAB
GPS Antenna
MSSIRMR
ICIMobiquity
BluetoothTo Main Unit
Installed onICI Board
BT
Bluetooth Antenna
Bluetooth Antenna
Shared Navigation ConOps
Fireman “A”Precision 2D from networkThird axis from altimeter
Fireman “B”Precision 2D from combination of network & GPSThird axis from altimeter
Ranging Exchange
Inertial/Pedometer/Altimeter
GPS
Magnetometer
A
B
Wireless Ad-Hoc Network
Navigation Fusion Engine
A-GPSInertialAltimeterRF Ranging Magnetometer
Inter/Intra-Links
Navigation Technologies
Prototype Unit
Latest Test Results
Let’s go to the video
Muscatatuck Urban Training Center (MUTC)
with JFCOM
Future Enhancements• System robustness• Improved accuracy• Form/Fit/Function• Ranging• Cost reduction• T&E with large groups of 1st Responders
– Current plan: NY (Aug), Seattle (Sep), Cincinnati (Aug), Chicago (Aug)
• Algorithms, SW• Network, bandwidth• Integration of new components
High Priority Technology Needs
Physiological Monitoring- Statistics
Source: The New England Journal Of Medicine, March 22, 2007 vol. 356 no. 12
Physiological Monitoring• Capability Need
• Prevent fire ground deaths and the attendant risks they present to other firefighters and responders
• A highly reliable metric and notification system for on scene identification of firefighters who are at significant risk of an immediate cardio-vascular or cerebral-vascular incident
• Know when to pull them out• An integrated sensor package
that will monitor a responder’s vital signs
• A baseline for the overall physical health of the responder
REQUIREMENTS• Alert both the wearer and command staff monitoring
emergency responders warnings of physiological irregularities
• Non-invasive• Able to be integrated with existing personal protective
equipment• Interoperable with different types of PASS devices• Able to be used in all forms of structures• Cost TBD/unit• Sensor components• Other parameters:
– Max Range to The Furthest Access Point Or Node– User Density– Size (Weight, Dimension) – Power– Auto Alarm & Alarm Management– False Alarm Error Rate – Data Fusion Accuracy– Physiological Status Accuracy– Battery Life– Data Collection & Storage – Data Collection & Storage W/ Wireless Comms– Upload/Download Capable– Wireless Communications– Security (Encryption)– Visualization of Personnel Vitals– And many more …
• Sensors– Heart rate, pulse oximetery, blood pressure, body temp, …
• Operation– Environment, size, weight, …
• Algorithm– Data fusion, decision aid, …
• Metrics– Baseline parameters, thresholds, …
• Cost
Physiological Monitoring
Planned FY09 ProgramPlanned FY09 Program
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