presentation on the brazilian ethanol

The Brazilian Bioethanol Model

HistoryHistory

Advantages of sugar caneAdvantages of sugar cane

Advantages of the brazilian modelAdvantages of the brazilian model

Bioethanol as a FuelBioethanol as a Fuel

ConclusionConclusion

History

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-In 1931 the Brazilian government implemented a compulsory blend of at least 5% anhydrous bioethanol in gasoline (Decree 19.717 Getúlio Vargas)

- In November 14th, 1975, by Decree No. 76.953 ProAlcool is born

- Several crops such as Cassava tried with little success: sugar cane won

- Incentives were given such as exemption from IPI for taxis and priceguarantee of 66% of gas price (no incentives today)

- In 1979 the first ethanol car was brought to the market — a Fiat model 147

- Last year Brazil achieved its independence on oil imports, largelyin part to its ethanol program

- Today up to 85% of cars are Flex and ethanol consumption isHIGHER than gasoline

History

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Advantages of sugar cane

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- Produces SUGAR, instead of starch (corn: 2 steps) or cellulose(switchgrass: 4 steps)

- Sequesters carbon: 46,6 x 106 ton eq CO2–GHG

- Excellent energy balance: 8,2/1 (energy production / energy consumption)

- One of the most effective photosynthesizers of all plants (C-4 plant): able toconvert up to 2 % of solar energy into biomass

- Does NOT compete with food

- ENTIRE plant used: not just seeds such as corn

- Does NOT grow in the amazon (region is known to harbour the fungusMycovellosiella Koepkei, which inhibits growth)

Advantages of sugar cane

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Advantages of sugar cane when compared with corn

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Bioethanol as a Fuel

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Bioethanol as a Fuel

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Bioethanol as a Fuel

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- Needs to be at least 70% cheaper than gasoline to make up for itsenergy loss

- Cannot have any water or you will get phase separation when mixedwith gasoline and rust in the engine internal parts

- Keeps engine clean when used in small mixes with gasoline

A threatened model?

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Conclusion

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- Brazil´s model is the ONLY time-tested model available today

- The model has been approved even by institutions such as the WWF

- The model can be perfectly adapted to any country or region

- Cellulosic, algae, etc may be the future, but we need solutions NOW!

- Why the US resists this model? I don´t know! You tell me!

TítuloComments?

Al CostaCEOAlkol Incalcosta@1hourflex.com