project management - freedavid.roumanet.free.fr/bts-sio/gestion_projets/project... · 2018. 1....

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22/01/2018 David ROUMANET

Project Management

N° 2

Gestion de Projets

Summary● Definitions● Opérations (phases)● Tools (Gantt, Pert, Mind...)● People and functions● Communications● Risks management

N° 3

Gestion de Projets

My first project

N° 4

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?● Many tasks● One or more resources● A starting point... and a target● A fixed term● A link between all of that

N° 5

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?● One task only isn't a project !

● But it could be if you can create sub-tasks

● A project can't exist without a target !● A project is a transformation (a change)

N° 6

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?● A Task is...

● A simple operation● Linked by a verb and a subject

– Launch program xxxxx– Copy text– Modify document yyyyy– ...

● An act of change

N° 7

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?● A resource is...

● A person or a team● A budget or financial concept● A physical or logical element

– An equipment– A software– A tool, product, transport...

N° 8

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?● A Target is...

● A desire for change● a reliable and achievable vision

– Notion of available time– Notion of available resources

N° 9

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?● A Duration is...

● An element build with many unit of time– Minuts (pour un plongeur)– Days (pour un projet informatique)– Month (pour une naissance)

● A resource !– It's possible to adjust time (more persons, deadline...)– It's quantifiable (12d out of order = 12 M€)

N° 10

Gestion de Projets

What is a project ?

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Duration

Existing TargetResource A

Resource B

N° 11

Gestion de Projets

What is "My first project" ?

Break eggs

Eat the pan

Switch the induction

Duration~10 minuts

ExistingEmpty plate

TargetSucculent meal

Cooker

Eggs

Stove

Induction plate

Cook 6 minuts

Put Salt on Eggs

Saltz

http://cuisine-facile.com/trucs_astuces/recette-comment-bien-cuire-oeufs-sur-plat.html

N° 12

Gestion de Projets

Next project :)…

N° 13

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Determine the type of project● Define tasks and resources● Identify risks● Evaluate duration for each time● Determine order for each step● Knowing the status of project● Manage communication

N° 14

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Determination of project type:

● Resources– internal– external (subcontractors)

● Project Type– Stable– Unstable (many years)

SynchronisedProject

Criticalproject

SimpleProject

DrivenProject

StableStable UnstableUnstable

ExternalExternal

InternalInternal

N° 15

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Critical operations

● Mandatory and unavoidable● High cost resources (no marge)● Non-Mastered (risks, aleas, weather...)

● Non critical operations● No big impact on realisation (ex. personalisation)● Easely replaceable or alterable (many ways to

complete)

N° 16

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Criticity :

● Criticity =Impact * Probability

2 4

1 2

Peu probablePeu probable ProbableProbable

ImportantImportant

FaibleFaible

IMPACTIMPACT

PROBABILITEPROBABILITE

N° 17

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Criticity :

Difference betweenTheory and reality

N° 18

Gestion de Projets

Qu'elles sont les opérations ?● Criticity :

La théorie, c'est quand on sait tout et que rien ne fonctionne. - La pratique, c'est quand tout fonctionne et que personne ne sait pourquoi. - Ici, la pratique et la théorie sont réunies, rien ne fonctionne et on ne sait pas pourquoi.

Theory is when you know everything but nothing works practice is when everything works but no one knows why in our lab theory and practice are combined nothing works and no one knows why

N° 19

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Notion of critical path

● Critical path is the link between unavoidable tasks– It give the minimal duration for the project– It shows all unavoidable tasks– It permit to order all mandatory tasks

N° 20

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Exercise : find links between tasks

Space shuttle take off

Filling tanks

Check levels

Instructions to crew

Evacuation takeoff area

Check Weather

Computers flight programming

120 mn

1 mn

5 mn

5 mn

2 mn

35 mn

Bunk filling (food)

Flight simulation

Crew checkup

Final countdown (europe)

Doors lock

50 mn

50 mn

25 mn

3 mn

2 mn

N° 21

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Tip 1 : start to link tasks

Space shuttle take off

Fill Tank Check Levels

Instructions to crew

Evacuation takeoff area

Check Weather Computers flight programming

120 mn 1 mn

5 mn

5 mn

2 mn 35 mn

Bunk filling (food)

Flight simulationCrew checkup

Countdown

Doors lock

50 mn

50 mn25 mn

3 mn

2 mn

N° 22

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Tip 2 : search for longest path

Space shuttle take off

Fill Tank Check levels

Instructions to crew

Evacuation takeoff area

Check Weather Computers flight prog

120 mn 1 mn

5 mn

5 mn

2 mn

Bunk filling (food)

Flight simulationCrew checkup

Countdown

Doors lock

50 mn

50 mn25 mn

3 mn

2 mn

Décollage

35 mn

N° 23

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Here is our critical path !

Space shuttle take off : 124 mn minimum

Fill Tank Check levels

Instructions to crew

Evacuation takeoff area

Check Weather Computers flight prog

120 mn 1 mn

5 mn

5 mn

2 mn

Bunk filling (food)

Flight simulationCrew checkup

Countdown

Doors lock

50 mn

50 mn25 mn

3 mn

2 mn

Décollage

35 mn

N° 24

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● successive, parallel and convergent tasks

Space shuttle take off : 124 mn minimum

Fill Tank Check levels

Evacuation takeoff area

Check Weather Computers prog

Bunk filling (food)

Flight simulationCrew checkup

Countdown

Doors lock

Décollage

N° 25

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Notion de tâche successive, parallèle et

convergente● Successive : Cannot be done before previous one● Parallel : Could be done while another task is done● Convergent : Cannot be done before all other

needed previous tasks

Définitions Opérations Outils ConclusionApplications Projet SVN

N° 26

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Resume

● Inventory of tasks– Duration, resources, ...

● Scheduling of tasks– Priorities, criticities, durations...– Previous / Next

● Critical path search– Défine minimum time size (used for reverse scheduling)

N° 27

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Resume

● Inventory of tasks– Duration, resources, ...

● Scheduling of tasks– Priorities, criticities, durations...– Previous / Next

● Critical path search– Défine minimum time size (used for reverse scheduling)

Tasks on critical path must be securised :

- By availability (équipement de secours, remplaçant )…- By integrity (limit stakeholders)- By authentication (one responsible)

N° 28

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Driving project

● Cycle● Indicators● Reports

Init Plan Act Close

Drive

N° 29

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Driving project

● Organisation (R, A, S, I [,C])– Responsible : Manage the project (costs, resources, ...)– Accountable : take final decisions (ultime ownership)– Support : gives resources mandatory for the project– Informed : follow the project status (could be implied in a

later phase)– Consulted : must be consulted before a sensible phase

or action is coming

N° 30

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Example

● Team 3 is waiting Team 2

Init Plan Eq. 1 Clos

Drive

Eq. 2 Eq. 4

Eq. 3

R

I

S

Cust.

A

R.EX

MOE MOA

N° 31

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Project closeout checklist

– Formalize the end of the client project– Validate the solution in place is operationnal– Note gaps with target solution– Put an end to the Projet– Start the Support

N° 32

Gestion de Projets

What are operations ?● Project closure

● REX : Retour d'Expérience (internal feedback)– Allow to share strengths and weaknesses of the project– Validate duration (planned / effectives)– Analyze errors and aftermath (consequences)– anticipate for next projects (teams, resources, etc.)– ... Celebrate the end of the project!

N° 33

Gestion de Projets

How to let the Project Manager Believe that he has the right tools !

N° 34

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks research● Brain Storming :

creative way to search, with strange idea inspiring great ideas.

● Brown Paper : Cap Gemini method that permit to show all operations on a simple "document"

● SWOT : method that help to decide if the company could start the project or not.

N° 35

Gestion de Projets

Tools for project preparation● Focus sur SWOT

● Strengths (Forces)

● Weaknesses (Faiblesses)

● Opportunities (Opportunités)

● Threats (Menaces)

More used for strategic rather operational project

May help on keys point of the project.

N° 36

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks research● Focus sur Brown Paper

● All around the wall of a room

● Post-it

●

CapGemini patent.

Used before computer tools. Post-It are easy to move on the brawn paper.

Post-it could have differents colours depends of categories, sites, resources, costs...

N° 37

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks research● Mind Mapping :

A way to search and organize ideas.● "Google" :

Search for similar project (in the world)● Knowledge Base :

Search for similar project (in your organisation)● Common sens :

Use the Force (and your experiences)

N° 38

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks organisation

N° 39

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks organisation● Mind Mapping :

Create a tree with all ways to works.● Méthode Einsenhower :

2 axes, where are important/urgent tasks● Méthode de la Rache :

french standard (widely known)(http://www.la-rache.com/)

● QQOQCC (WWWWHH) : Empirical method of questioning

N° 40

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks organisation● Eisenhower

Définitions Opérations Outils Conclusion

urgent

important

1

2

3

4

56

7

Applications Projet SVN

N° 41

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks organisation● Accronym*

● Rapid● Application● Conception● Heuristic● Extreme-programming

* joke

N° 42

Gestion de Projets

Tools for tasks organisation● QQOQCC

● Qui● Quoi● Où● Quand● Comment● Combien

By the way…

Strategic plan ► next 10 yearsOperationnal plan ► next year

N° 43

Gestion de Projets

N° 44

Gestion de Projets

Tools for planning (Gantt, Pert, ...)● Gantt

● Microsoft Project● GanttProject http://www.ganttproject.biz/ ● ProjectLibre

http://www.projectlibre.com/product/projectlibre-open-source

● ToDo● EssentialPIM http://www.essentialpim.com● HiTask (*) http://hitask.com/

N° 45

Gestion de Projets

N° 46

Gestion de Projets

Collaborative Tools● GoogleDocs● DoodleDo● Chamillo (IUT)● Trello● SurveyMonkey● SharePoint (Microsoft)● SubVersion, SVN, GIT

N° 47

Gestion de Projets

SubVersion

N° 48

Gestion de Projets

SubVersion

N° 49

Gestion de Projets

SubVersion

N° 50

Gestion de Projets

Dev methods : Leans and Agile● Kanban● Scrum● XP

Backlog WIP Waiting Done

Task ID

Who Task ID

WhoTask ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

WhoTask ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

WhoTask ID

Who

N° 51

Gestion de Projets

Dev methods : Leans and Agile● Kanban● Scrum● XP

Each task is presented to The customer when it’s

done

Finnished tasks are presented to The customer after a full cycle.

Fast cycles are scrum (team review)

N° 52

Gestion de Projets

Dev methods : Leans and Agile● Kanban● Scrum● XP

Backlog WIP Waiting Done

Task ID

Who Task ID

WhoTask ID

WhoTask ID

Who Task ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

Who

Task ID

Who

N° 53

Gestion de Projets

Dev methods : Leans and Agile● In details comparaison