project overview and highlights - cordis · 2017-04-21 · components and systems 4 functionality...
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Flexible Multifunctional Bendable Integrated Light-Weight Ultra-Thin Systems
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Flexible Multifunctional Bendable Integrated Light-Weight Ultra-Thin Systems
Project Overview and Highlights
September 2011 – August 2015
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• FLEXIBILITY is a 6.9M€ IP (4.9M€ EC funding)• 4 LE (incl. BEL), 4 SMEs (incl. KON), 1 research lab and 3
universities; 6 countries• Pushed state of the art of OLAE technologies and
components with single function• Provided functional modules
– e.g. audio, wireless receivers, sensors, dc supply
• Integrated multifunctional systems– E.g. audio bag, soft book, smart labels
• Demonstrated flexible packaging in transparent and textile technologies
• First printed speaker, audio amp & signal generator on PET• First thin-film analog radio & wireless receiver
Introduction
2
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Participants and main tasks
3
TUD Coordination, audio amp, broadcast & data radios
ENF Primary battery
TUC R2R printing & fabrication, speakers, audio oscillator
SIE Sensor systems, packaging
ETH IZGO thin film tech. & fabrication
EXO Wireless streaming platform e.g. for ads, web page
DCS Sensor platforms e.g. for security and food
SMA Textile integr., wearable audio system, packaging
VAR Secondary batteries
KON Solar cells, OPV to battery interface electronicsVTT Touch screen & user interfaces
BEL Solar cells, OPV to battery interface electronics
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Components and Systems
4
Functionality Wearable audio
Wireless streaming
Temperature sensing
Motion sensing
Application example (demonstrator)
Audio Bag Remote control
Sample validation
Soft book, toys
Audio loudspeaker needed needed needed not req.Audio amplifier needed optional needed not req.Audio signal generator not req. needed needed not req.Motion sensor not req. not req. not req. neededTemperature sensor not req. not req. needed neededBroadcast radio RX needed not req. not req. not req.Wireless stream. RX optional needed optional not req.Touch-screen w. OLED needed optional optional optionalPrimary battery optional needed needed neededSecondary battery needed optional optional optionalCharging electronics needed optional optional optionalSolar cells needed optional optional optional
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Textile integration: wearable audio
5
• Integrate printed speaker and electronics in textile
• Demo: audio bag
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Textile integration: soft book
6
Magnetic snaps for removable components
Layout of one page of the soft book, with textile connection to voltage supply
Flexible substrate with packaged electronics for a soft-book page
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Smart labels: beeper module
7
Printed Speaker
Fully Printed Ring Oscillator
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
a-IGZO TFT technology (ETH)
8
Sub-micron a-IGZO TFT Compelling applications
N. Münzenrieder et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol. 105, p. 263504, 2014.N. Munzenrieder et al., , Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 60, pp. 2815-2820, 2013.
Remarkable Mechanics
N. Münzenrieder, et al., Advanced Electronic Materials, vol. 1, pp. n/a-n/a, 2015.G. A. Salvatore et al., Nat Commun, vol. 5, 01/07/online 2014.
FT=135MHZ
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
20MHz a-IGZO TFT Receiver (TUD)
9
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Roll-to-roll OFET technology (TUC)
10
Fully mass printed OFETs
• All-plastic transistors• Channel length 10-20 µm• Mobility 0.2 cm²/Vs• Good bias stress stability• Audio circuitry compatible • ft >50 kHz
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• First fully-printed audio system.• First fully-printed & complete (i.e. with
integrated bias circuitry) amplifier circuit.• Capable of 5 hours continuous operation.
• Output sound pressure:– 3562dBA at 1 meter,– over 600Hz14kHz.
OFET Audio Amplifier (TUD, TUC)
11
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Printed Speakers (TUC)
12
Fully printed loudspeakers
• Piezoelectric speakers• On conventional paper or plastic foil• 50-100 µm thick• Different size from 5 – 1000 cm²• Sound pressure level up to 80 dB
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
500 5000
SPL [dB
A]
f [Hz]
5cm² 16cm² 130cm² 550cm²
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• Roll-to-roll manufactured thin film touch screen based on the resistive touch technology.
• R2R screen printing for resistive layer patterning, spacer layer and conductors.
• Hybrid integration of touch control electronics on flexible plastic film.
• Highly sensitive and accurate touch sensing observed in swipe and tap tests.
Printed thin film touch screen (VTT)
13
R2R pilot printing line Flexible touch screen Touch screen with control electronics
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• Gravure printing of OLED thin films on plastic film.– PEDOT:PSS and Yellow light emitting polymer (Super Yellow)– Emissive area 18 mm2
– Up to 1000 devices characterized.• Optimization of printing process parameters led to
improved OLED performance.• The yield of functional devices improved up to 95%
Flexible OLEDs (VTT)
14
Flexible OLEDs OLED brightness and efficiency characteristics with variable process parameters.
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Textile antenna (TUD, SMA)
15
47.4
7.0 392 µH
21.1 pF
35.5 cm
25.5
cm
Substrate material: a poly-cotton blended fabricOuter dimension: approx. 30 x 40 cmAntenna material: copperN:30 turns, pitch: 2 mm, wire length: 29 m
Small-signal modelfor circuit simulation
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
V (m
V)
−10
0
10
20
T (°C)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
R1R2
R3R4
Temperature sensor in Wheatstone-bridge configuration
Output voltage of the Wheatstone bridge at a bias current of 0.1 mA
• PTC sensor elements: R2, R3 (Carbon)• NTC sensor elements: R1, R4
(PEDOT:PSS + 1% DMSO)• Electrical contact pads and connections are
printed with a silver nanoparticle ink
• Wheatstone bridge exhibits a sensitivity of ~0.4 mV/˚C at a bias current of 0.1 mA
• Good linearity• No hysteresis
Carbon
PEDOT:PSS+DMSO
Silver
I0 = 0.1 mA
5 mm
Printed temperature sensor (SIE)
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Influence of Bias current Reproducibility
• Sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge is proportional to bias current
• The 3 Wheatstone bridges exhibit similar results: same sensitivity but small offset Good reproducibility
V (m
V)
−10
0
10
20
T (°C)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
W-Bridge 1
W-Bridge 3
W-Bridge 2
I0 = 0.1 mA
V (m
V)
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
T (°C)10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
I0 = 0.1 mAI0 = 1 mA
3.9 mV/˚C
0.4 mV/˚C
Printed temperature sensor (SIE)
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• Motion Sensors based on 4 quadrant OPDs have been realized on flexible substrates both for the visible and the NIR spectral region.
• High conductive PEDOT as ITO replacement for high bending cycle applications Feasibility demonstrated
• Lamination process with aluminum based sheets for top side encapsulation validated
• With the new developed process stack, no noticeable increase in dark current density after 118 hours at 65°C / 85% RH.
• Fig caption:– (g) Schematic of the device layer
stack. (a) Lamination setup and motion sensor design. (b), (c) and (d), (e) show bottom and top view of OPDs on PET foil with laminated aluminum sheet encapsulation, respectively. (f) Corresponding JV curves. (h) Bending test results. (i) motion detection tests at Siemens laboratories
Printed motion sensor (SIE)
18
PET
PEDOT (Anode)Interlayer
BHJ~700nm
Al Foil (encap)
Cathode
Fluorescent lamp,Motion immediately above OPDs
Sign
al−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
time(s)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
g)
h) i)
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Flexible packaging (SIE)
19
• The beeper module consists of a PET main substrate assembled with a printed signal generator and a printed loudspeaker from TUC.
• To achieve a high conductivity and homogenous traces, two layers of conductive Ag structures are inkjet-printed on the PET substrate.
• Attachment of the signal generator and loudspeaker using an adhesive foil and connection of the pads by means of a isotropic conductive adhesive.
• Connector housing is attached to the PET substrate by means of a non-conductive glue and the pins are electrically connected using a conductive adhesive.
Packaging of Beeper module (Sub 8)
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Disposable batteries (ENF)
20
Highlights:- Scalable high-voltage battery - Record-low internal resistance - Efficient serial connection (patent pending)
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• From a single cell to a 20 cell battery
6V battery, 5 NiMH cellsjan 2015
24V battery, 20 NiMH cellsjun 2015
1,2V battery, 1 NiMH cellPrior art
Advantages in• Sealing• Encapsulation• Miniaturization• Printing precision
Rechargeable batteries (VAR)
21
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
Flexible solar cells (BEL)
22
• Special tailored solar modules
• Flexible
• Semi-transparent
• Light weighted
• Excellent Low-Light Performance
• Fully printed
9 x 9 cm Module (inclusive encapsulation)6.4 V Vmpp and 28 mA Impp
14 x 14 cm Module (inclusive encapsulation)24 V Vmpp and 15 mA Impp
0 200 400 600 800 10004.64.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.0
Vm
pp [V
]
Light intensity [W/m²]
www.flexibility-fp7.eu
• First (and still unique) fully-printed solar module in the market
• Lightest and most flexible power module• Fastest fully mass-printed OFETs• Highest reported OFET output power• Most bendable a-IGZO TFT technology• First integrated and fully-printed audio module
(printed amp and speaker)• First fully inkjet-printed temperature sensor in
Wheatstone bridge configuration• First demonstration of flexible AM and OOK radio
receiver
Highlights
23
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