protein1 edit
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KUIS 2 (30 Sept 2014)
1. Apa yang anda ketahui tentang karbohidrat dan
sebutkan fungsinya dalam kehidupan
2. Apa yang saudara ketahui tentanga. Cis – trans isomer
b. Ikatan glikosida
c. Reducing sugar
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BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OFBIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF
PROTEINPROTEIN
• Enzymes: 2000 diferent enzymes, eachcapable o diferent chemical reaction
Ex: Ribonuclease, Cellulase, Pectinase
• utrient and !tora"e: !eeds o manyplantsor embryonic plant "ro#th
Ex: $%albumin &e"" #hite'( casein• Contractile or motile protein: )ctin andmyosin
• !tructural Protein: cola"en( *eratin(
+broin
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BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OFBIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF
PROTEINPROTEIN
• eense protein: immuno"lobulin &-"' orantibodies( thrombin( mucin
• Re"ulatory proteins: amon" them are many
hormonesinsulin( .u%enile hormone• $ther proteins: /onellin( antireeze protein
All these proteins made from group of! amino a"ids
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Classi+cation
• lobular protein and +brous protein
• !imple protein: contain only amino
acid• Con.u"ated protein: amino acid 1
prosthetic "roupGlobular protein: any protein whose polypeptide chain(s are folded so
as to gi!e the whole molecul a rounded shapeFibrous protein: any protein able to aggregate into fibres or filaments
and ser!ing mainly as a structural protein
Prosthetic group: a nonprotein group that is combined specifically with a
protein" in stoichiometric proportion
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Classification of protein
•ased on its composition
•ased on its shape•ased on its biolo"ical unction
•ased on its con+"uration
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Protein based on its shape
#ibrous protein $lobular protein
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Primary structurePrimary structure
•linear polypeptide chains• Amino acids residual
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The order in which the a-amino acids
are joined to each other.
Sometimes called the sequence
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Secondary structure is the term peptide backbone in
space. The backbone can form regular, repeating
structures held together by the attractions between
peptide links along it.
#e"ondar$ stru"tureRe"ular arran"ements o the peptidebac*bone held to"ether by hydro"en bondsbet#een the peptide lin*s 3
• polypeptide chains twisted regularly and arranged in
bundles or sheetfibrous proteins• polypeptide chains twisted and folded with less regularity
to form molecular blobs!globular proteins.
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ά-helixThe a-heli" is like a narrow-bore tube.
The polypeptide backbone is coiled up
like a #ery tight clockwise screw thread
or the cord of a telephone.
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The β-pleated sheet
$olypeptide backbone is nearly
fully stretched.
This allows the peptide %&' and
()* to point out at right angles to
the line of the backbone.
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The ά-amino acids
Amino acids are the monomer building blocks
from which proteins are made.
+n general an acid is an organic molecule that contains
both a carbo"ylic acid -(**' and an amine -%'
functional group.
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Chiralit$
#tereoisomer
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%witterion
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)mino acids act as )cids and asases
&hoteric4ampholytes'
• )s an acid or proton donor
• )s a base or proton acceptor• iprotic acid
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The ninhydrin reaction
%inhydrin or /,,0-indantrione monohydrate is an important
analytical reagent. +t reacts with a-amino acids to produce
a purple coloured compound. 1e can use this colour-forming
reaction to locate the colourless a-amino acid spots on a
chromatogram or the intensity
of the purple colour can be
used as a way of measuring the amount of a-amino acid in a sample.
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the &'amino and &'carboyl groups and
these groups can react with a !ariety of reagents
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Puri+cation and
!eparation•ialysis separate one
protein
•el +ltration
•Electrophoresis
• -on exchan"e chromato"raphy• -mmuno5a6nity
chromato"raphy
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Amino A"ids #eparationAmino A"ids #eparation
Paper ele"trophoresisPaper ele"trophoresis
anion *ation
)1
)2
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Paper "hromatograph$
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*btaining a pure sample of protein*btaining a pure sample of protein
DialysisDialysis
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Ion e%"hange "hromatograIon e%"hange "hromatogra
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Gel iltrationGel iltration
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!init" chro#atorgraph"!init" chro#atorgraph"
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7hat is el Electrophoresis8
• Electro 9 o# o electricity, phoresis,rom the ree* 9 to carry across
• ) "el is a colloid, a suspension o tinyparticles in a medium, occurrin" in asolid orm, li*e "elatin
• el electrophoresis reers to the
separation o char"ed particles locatedin a "el #hen an electric current isapplied
• Char"ed particles can include ),
amino acids, peptides, etc
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7hy do "el electrophoresis8
• 7hen Protein is cut by enzymes,the result is a mix o pieces o
peptide o diferent len"ths• -t is useul to be able to separate
the pieces 5 -3e3 or reco%erin"
particular pieces o protein
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;o# does it #or*8
• Protein is an or"anic acid, and isne"ati%ely char"ed (remember, DNA for
Negative)• 7hen the protein is exposed to anelectrical +eld, the particles mi"rateto#ard the positi%e electrode
• !maller pieces o ) can tra%el urtherin a "i%en time than lar"er pieces
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S$S P!G% G%& %&%'*P+*%SISS$S P!G% G%& %&%'*P+*%SIS
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• )lso needed are apo#er supply anda "el chamber
• el chambers
come in a %arietyo models, romcommercialthrou"h home5made, and a%ariety o sizes
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Polypeptide and proteins
•Residu: istilah y"
di"una*an untu* asamamino bila telah men.adi
polypeptide•Polypeptide: <05<00residu
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