psycho social report
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8/4/2019 Psycho Social Report
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4/21/12
Ø Koopmeiners investigated behaviors
of healthprofessionals that influencepatient’s hope.Ø Areas of communication thatpromotes hope:
ü Taking time to talkü Giving informationü Demonstrating caring
behaviorsü Being friendly, respectful and
honest
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Ø
We communicate our supportto others both verbally andnon-verbally, and there mustbe consistency between thesetwo forms if we are to be
perceived as GENUINE.Ø Try to relate to dying people on
a personal as well as aprofessional level.
Ø Benjamin (1981) emphasizedthe necessity of congruencebetween verbal and non-verbalcommunication in effective
counseling.
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NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION
Ø “We can judge for ourselvesthe extent to which our wordsmatch our actions – We can
see ourselves as theinterviewee may see us – Mostof all, do we only soundgenuine or do we look genuine
as well?”
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Ø In a video programme (videointeractive guidance) used toimprove communication skills
in children and families, non-verbal communication such as
joint gaze and the use of gesture have been found
important in the constructionof meaning.
Ø Non-verbal communication andturn-talking must be in placebefore verbal communication
becomes effective.
NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION
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NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION
Ø For example, three majorthemes emerged from Perry’s(1996) study of exemplary
oncology nurses.Ø Two of these concerned the
importance of non-verbalcommunication, i.e. dialogue in
silence and mutual touch, inproviding support.
Ø Silence emerged repeatedlyfrom the study as an approachthat was used by excellentnurses in the study.
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Ø SILENCE was important forlistening and hearing themessage and Perry
recommends listening withopenness.
Ø Sometimes silent messageswere “encoded in actions” of
the nurses.Ø The second non-verbal theme
identified by Perry wasMUTUAL TOUCH.
Ø Sometimes eye contact wascombined with touch to
NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION
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Ø Perry’s third themeencompassing non-verbal andverbal behavior was the use of
HUMOR.Ø This was described as a light-
hearted attitude, commonamong the skilled nurses in the
study.Ø Benjamin ( 1981) also
advocates the use of humor asa means of support. He iscareful to point out that hedoes not mean sarcasm,
NON-VERBALCOMMUNICATION
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PROMOTING HOPEØ Nurses can help patients cope
with these anxieties, not withfalse reassurance but byencouraging them to talk
about their fears and byproviding appropriate medicalinformation.
Ø It is important that, in theearlier stages of advanced
disease, patients are able toput their illness intoperspective, so that they canparticipate in other aspects of life.
Ø Nurses can help patients to
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PROMOTING HOPEØ Maintenance of the
individual’s perception of control over loss is essentialto preserving hope.
Ø In a study of what dignitymeans to those who areterminally ill, McClementidentified factors that supportand undermine dignity in
these patients.Ø One aspect of the patient’s
dignity-conserving list is“continuity of self”.
Ø The implication for staff isthat they should view
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HELPING PEOPLE WITH COMMUNICATIONDIFFICULTIES
Ø People with verbalcommunication difficultiescan experience emotionaldistress caused by loneliness,
lack of self-esteem ordepression.
Ø These people may includethose who have had a strokeor who suffer from learning
difficulties.Ø Kopp noted that language
impairments or problemswith hearing could oftenoccur in settings where
elderly people were nursed.
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HELPING PEOPLE WITH COMMUNICATIONDIFFICULTIES
Ø Ham (1991) suggested that,if people with dementia arenot aware of their conditionat an early stage, they
cannot make choices abouttheir future care.
Ø Time to come to terms withthe diagnosis may enablethem to make any financial,
spiritual and medicaldecisions while they are stillable to do so.
Ø Viewing dementia as adisability rather than a
disease allows us to view the
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COMMUNICATION WITHCHILDREN
Ø Staff often depend onfamilies tocommunicate withchildren when a familymember is seriously ill.
Ø Sheldon (1994) foundthat parents mayunderestimate theirchildren’s needs, partlyin the belief that theyare protecting them andpartly because theythemselves are
exhausted anddistressed by preparing
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COMMUNICATION WITHCHILDREN
Ø The family’s ability tosupport children willdepend on pre-existingcommunication and
coping styles.Ø The Clinical Standards
Board for Scotlandoutlined the need forchildren to be given
information to help themunderstand the likelyoutcome of the patient’sillness.
Ø Sheldon noted that
greater emphasis is nowbein laced on includin
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COMMUNICATION WITHCHILDREN
Ø Macpherson and Cookeintroduced a workbook forfamilies of hospice patientsto help parents betterunderstand their children’sknowledge of the patient’sillness and to begin toexplore their children’sthoughts and feelings.
Ø It provided opportunities to
interact and buildrelationships with the staff.However, the authors notedthat it was important to fullyinform parents about theworkbook as it raised issues
about death and dying thatmight be unacceptable to
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