qualified partner program fiber optic cables basics - gof, hcs and pof felice guarna, training...
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Qualified Partner Program
Fiber Optic Cables basics - GOF, HCS and POF
Felice Guarna, Training Program Manager
Wetzikon, January 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 2Jan. 2006
Agenda
Cable structure
Primary coating and buffers
Armouring
Outer jacket
GOF cables
HCS cables
PMMA cables
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 3Jan. 2006
Cable structure
• Fiber is mechanically weak
• Cable adds protection and prevents physical damage during installation and use.
• Combination and quantity of protections and material as well as construction are strictly dependent on cable environment
Indoor
- Ducts- Trays- Building raiser- Plastic pipes- Raised floors- Plenum (US)
Outdoor
- Empty pipes- Ducts- Trays- Direct burial- Aerial
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 4Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cable
F.O. cable construction generalities
Secondary Coating(Buffer)
Fiber
Armouring
Outer jacket
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 5Jan. 2006
The optical fibers we are considering
PMMAPolimetilmetalcrilate
HCSFHard Clad Silica Fiber
GOFGlass Optical Fiber
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 6Jan. 2006
Seconday coating (buffer types)
Tight Buffer
A thermoplastic material is extruded tight on one fiber or around several fibers. They are called ribbons.
Optical Fiber
Tight Sheath
Semi-Tight Buffer
Loosely buffered with a few µm of interspaces.
Optical Fiber
Loose Sheath
Gel-like Compound or dry
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 7Jan. 2006
Buffer types
Single Loose Tube
Tube with one fiber.
Loose sheath with some hundreds of millimeters of inner space.
Optical Fiber
Gel-like Compound or dry
Loose Sheath
Loose tube (2 – 4 mm)Loose sheath/tube with 2 - 24 optical fibers.The hollow space is filled with a gel.
Optical Fiber
Gel-like Filling Compound
Loose Sheath
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 8Jan. 2006
Buffer characteristics
Tight Semi tightSingle loose
tube
Multi loose
tube
Direct connector mounting n/a
stripping 0 – 2 cm 0 – 50 cm n/a n/a
GOF
PMMA-POF n/a n/a
Perfluorinated POF n/a n/a
HCS n/a n/a
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 9Jan. 2006
Armoring
Depending on the environment (in or outdoor) the armouring can vary:
Aramid yarn for pulling and crushing strength
Glass yarn for pulling strength and crushrodent protection
Water blocking tape/gel resists longitudinal water intrusion
Corrugated steel tape rodent protectionchemical resistant
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 10Jan. 2006
Outer jacket protections
The material also influences easy handling and flexibility for specific application such as bending, torsion, flexing, kink, repeated bending
Mechanical
IEC60794-1
Thermal
IEC60794-1Chemical
Tensile force Heat Water
Abrasion Cold Gas
Impact Shock Fuels
Acids
The armoring and sheath material are designed to protect the fiber from the following effects
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 11Jan. 2006
Outer jacket material properties
Material properties PE PA PVC FRNC PUR
Halogen free Flame retardant Low smoke, corrosive gases Abrasion resistance Elasticity Water absorption Fuels Petroleum Alcohol Oxidants acids
Please note: depending on the recipe of the material the properties may change.
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 12Jan. 2006
Outer jacket material fire and environmental properties (FRNC, LSOH, LSZH)
In case of a fire the material should not spread fire and should not emit toxic and corrosive gas to protect first people and then equipment.
Flame retardant Self extinguishing when source of fire is removed
IEC 60332-1 (Single cable) IEC 60332-3 (Bundle)
Smoke density Smoke density as a function of light density
Visibility
IEC61034
Halogen gas formation Halogen free - no toxicity or
acid gas
IEC 60754-1
Circuit integrity under fire Data transmission during a
period of time under fire
conditions
IEC60331-25
GOF cables
Glass optical fiber
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 14Jan. 2006
Fiber primary coating and color coding
Color codes for fiber and buffer
• Each fiber in a cable is individually marked.
• Country or manufacturer specific color coding order
Fiber Core x m (x = 9, 50, 62.5)
Primary Coating 250m
Cladding 125m
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 15Jan. 2006
Position Notes
1
2
3
4
5
6
Indoor cable
buffered fiber (tight or semi-tight buffered )
air tubeloose tube
non-metallic strength member
PVC-jacketjacket of halogen-free, flame-retardantmaterial
Number of fiber or number of loose tubes x no. of fiber per tube
single-mode fiber (glass/glass)multi-mode fiber (glass/glass)
I-
V
WD
(ZN)
YH
n bzw.nxm
EG
Code CodePosition Notes
n/
n
n
BFFH
n
LG
Field Ø (µm) at SMCore Ø (µm) at MM
cladding diameter (µm)
attenuation (dB/km)
850 nm at MM1300 nm at MM1310 nm at SM1550 nm at SM
Dispersion (ps/nm x km) at single-mode fiber; Bandwidth(MHz/km) at multi-mode fiber
Layer-stranding
7
8 9
10
11
12
DIN coding for fiber optic indoor Cables
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 16Jan. 2006
Position CodeNotes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Outdoor cable
metallic strength member in the center
air tubeLoose tube
metallic twisting element
filling compound in the void
PE-jacketComposite layer sheath of Al-tape and PEPE-jacket with nonmetallic strain relief elementsAluminum tape and PE with nonmetallic strain relief elements
AmourAmour with PVC-jacketAmour with PE-jacket
A-
(ZS)
WD
S
F
2Y(L)2Y(ZN)2Y
(L)(ZN)2Y
BBYB2Y
PositionCode Notes
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
n ornxm
EG
n
n
n
BFFH
n
LGBDu
Number of fiber or number of loose tubes x no. of fiber per tube(e.g. 6x4... )
Single-mode fiber pure silicaMulti-mode fiber pure silica
Field diameter (µm) at SMCore diameter (µm) at MM
cladding diameter (µm)
attenuation (dB/km)
wavelength 850 nm at MM1300 nm at MM1310 nm at SM1550 nm at SM
Dispersion (ps/nm x km) at single-mode fiber; Bandwidth (MHz/km) at multi-mode fibers
Layer-strandingUnit strandingNon stranding
DIN coding for fiber optic outdoor cables
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 17Jan. 2006
Mini-Breakout cable
Distribution cable
Easy direct connector mounting
Small dimension
flexible
Outer sheath
Armoring/strength members
Tight or semi-tight buffer (up to 900µm)
Fiber
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 18Jan. 2006
Full-breakout cable
Patch Cord
Distribution cable
Direct connector mounting
Strain relieve for individual fiber
Outer sheath
Armoring/strength members
Tight or semi-tight buffer (up to 900µm)
Fiber
Zipcord Figure-0
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 19Jan. 2006
Loose tube cable
Corrugated steel tape
Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)
Strength members
Outer sheath
Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)
Strength members
Outer sheath
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 20Jan. 2006
Stranded loose tube cable
Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)
Central strength member
Strength members
Outer sheath
Several layers of tubs for 432 fibers
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 21Jan. 2006
Aerial cables (figure 8 design)
Installation load should be calculated.Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered during planning.
Steel suspension wire
Central strength member
Tubes with fibers (250µm)
Outer sheath
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 22Jan. 2006
Aerial cables (all dielectric, self supporting - ADSS-design)
Installation load should be calculated.Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered during planning.
Central strength member
Strength member
Tubes with fibers (250µm)
Outer sheath
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 23Jan. 2006
Metallic cables
Aerial cable
Aerial ground wire
Stainless steel loose tube
Fibers
Aldrey, steel or ACS wires
Installation load should be calculated.Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered during planning.
PCF cables
Polymer clad fiber
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 25Jan. 2006
POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) terminology
Core Acrylic Acrylic Glass
Cladding Fluorinated Polyperfluoro Fluorinated butenylvinylether
PMMA PCF
traditional perfluorinated
PROCESS Plasma OVD draw extrusion extrusion
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 26Jan. 2006
Cables
Basically similar or same construction as GOF
Larger core
Simplex and Duplex figure 8 or round cable
Loose tube
Applications
Medical Industrial/Scientific
Laser surgery Angioplasty Lithotripsy Urology Dermatology Photodynamic therapy
Spectroscopy Remote illumination Sensors Thomson scattering
PMMA plastic optical fiber
Plastic optical fiber
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 28Jan. 2006
Index profiles
PMMA Step Index
core = Constant refractive index
PMMA Graded Index
Core = several layer of material with different refractive indexes
Perfluorinated Polymer Graded index
Core = parabolic index
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 29Jan. 2006
Overview - POF (PMMA and perfluorinated)
Index profile Type of fiber Core Ø NA Attenuation Bandwidth
SI-POF (PMMA)
SI-POF low NA
980µm
980µm
0.50.3
180dB/km~ 50 MHz . 100m
~ 100 MHz . 100m
DSI-POF 980µm 0.3 180dB/km ~ 100 MHz . 100m
GI-POF (PMMA)980µm
500µm0.2 200dB/km ~1.5 GHz . 100m
GI-POF (PF)
62.5/245
120/450
200/490
0.3 50dB/km ~ 3 GHz . 100m
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 30Jan. 2006
Step Index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF)
Core Ø 980 μm
Cladding Ø 1000 μm
Attenuation 180 dB/km
Bandwidth 10 MHz . 100m (100 MHz . 100m)
Wavelength 650nm
N.A. 0.5 (Low N.A. 0.3)
Ader tight buffer
Advantage easy, fast and inexpensive connection technologycommercially available (Mitsubishi, Toray, Fuji, Optimedia)
Disadvantage high attenuation, low bandwidth
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 31Jan. 2006
Attenuation spectra of PMMA fiber
„Light“ Wavelengthnm
AttenuationdB/km
red 650 180
amber 570 66
green 520 73
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 32Jan. 2006
Multistep Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF)
Core Ø 900 μm
Cladding Ø 1000 μm
Attenuation 180 dB/km
Bandwidth 100 MHz . km
Wavelength 650nm
Cable tight buffer
Advantage easy, fast and inexpensive connection technologycommercially available (Mitsubishi, Fuji, Optimedia)
Disadvantage high attenuation
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 33Jan. 2006
Graded Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF)
Core Ø 120 μm
Cladding Ø 500 μm
Attenuation 50 dB/km
Bandwidth 1000 MHz*km
Wavelength 1330nm
Cable loose buffer (extra strength members)
Advantage low attenuation, high bandwidth
Disadvantage termination, expensive, similar to GOFcommercially not available (Asahi, Nexans, Chromis)
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 34Jan. 2006
Attenuation spectra of perfluorinated POF
„Light“ Wavelengthnm
AttenuationdB/km
infrared 850 20
1300 50
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 35Jan. 2006
Plastic optical fiber
IEC 60793-2-4 – Specification for category A4 multimode fiber
A4a A4b A4c A4d A4e A4f A4g A4h
Core Ø (µm) * * * * 500 200 120 62.5
Cladd Ø (µm) 1000 750 500 1000 750 490 490 245
NA 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.19
Buffered yes yes yes yes no no no no
cabled yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Operating
wavelength (nm)650 650 650 650 650 650, 850, 1300 650, 850, 1300 850, 1300
* Typically 15 to 35 µm smaller than the cladding diameter
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 36Jan. 2006
Simplex and Duplex cables (PMMA fiber)
Tight Buffer
Tightly buffered with a thermoplastic material.
PMMA POF - Step Index, Multistep, Graded Index
Tight buffer
Cladding
Core
Tight buffer
Cladding
Core
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 37Jan. 2006
Duplex cables (perfluorinated fiber)
lose buffer
Cladding
Core
Outer sheath
Strength member
Single loose tube
Loose sheath with air cap (µm up to mm). Dry – no gel
Perfluorinated POF
Graded Index
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 38Jan. 2006
Cable for harsh environment (PMMA fibers)
Tight buffer
Cladding
Core
Outer sheath
Strengthmember
Filling element Tight Buffer
Tightly buffered with a thermoplastic material.
PMMA POF - Step Index, Multistep, Graded Index
Outer sheath and strength memberse.g. PUR outer sheath and aramid yarns for drag chain and harsh industrial environments
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