quality engineering 9 - iso14000
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ISO14000The Environmental Standard
After the success of the ISO9000 series of quality standards, the International StandardsOrganization is nearing completion and
publication of a comprehensive set of standardsfor environmental management.
This series of standards is designed to cover thewhole area of environmental issues for organizations in the global marketplace.
ISO14000 - Introduction
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uThe standard follows the approach of ISO 9000, usingthe tried methodology of plan, do check and review
uBut it differs in requiring organisations to commit tocontinuous improvement in environmental performance.
uAn EMS is basically a management tool to oversee thevarious environmental aspects of a company’s activitiesin a systematic way.
uContinuous improvement in environmental performanceis assessed in periodic reviews or audits againstobjectives and targets
ISO 14000 - Introduction
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
uSay What You Do
uDo What you Say
uRecord What You Did
uCheck on the ResultuAct on the Difference
Plan
Check
Act
Do
PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT CYCLE
for continuous improvement
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Write down
what you did
Justify whatyou do
Do what
you say
Record whatyou did (audit)
Review what
you did
Revise whatyou will do
PLAN
DOCHECK
ACT
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
The ISO 14001 can be used for any of severalpurposes, such as,
ucreating an EMS
uauditing an EMS
useeking th ird-party certification
useeking customer recognition of an EMS
udeclaring an EMS to the general public
ISO 14000- Introduction
ISO 14000 - IntroductionuThe best way to look at an environmental policy is to
think in terms of conservation of resources. In other words, waste as little as possible. The result is lessenvironmental impact and better profitability. It wouldseem that Taguchi's axiom that quality is measure bythe loss to society works equally well for environmental issues.
uOne recent survey of ISO 9000 registrars showed thatover half of them are already planning to audit againstthe ISO 14000 standards.
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Elements which can be Covered
uTraditional Environment
uStaff and Health Safety
uProduct Service Safety/Integrity
uPublic Safety
The General Issues
uPhysical Planning
uEnvironmental Impact Assessment
uAir Emissions
uEffluent Discharges
uWater Supplies and Sewage Treatment
uWaste-normal and ToxicuPackaging
u Nuisances
The General Issuesu Noise
uRadiation
uAmenities, trees, wildlife
uUrban renewal site dereliction
uSafety Security of Service/product
uMaterials and Energy Usage
uPublic Safety
uStaff Health and Safety
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The Specific Issues
uAll the general issues of relevance
uSite and Specific Issues
uOperational /Service Issues
uSupplier Issues
Packaging Issues
uOver-packaging
uRedundancy
uBiodegradability
uToxicity
uReusability
uRecyclabilityuRetrievability
uAlternative use after delivery
The ISO 14000 series emerged primarily as aresult of the Uruguay round of the GATTnegotiations and the Rio Summit on theEnvironment held in 1992.
While GATT concentrates on the need to reducenon-tariff barriers to trade, the Rio Summitgenerated a commitment to protection of theenvironment across the world.
The environmental field has seen a steadygrowth of national and regional standards.
History of Development
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The British Standards Institution has BS 7750,
the Canadian Standards Association hasenvironmental management, auditing, eco-labeling and other standards,
the European Union has all of these plus the eco-management and audit regulations,
and many other countries (e.g. USA, Germanyand Japan) have introduced eco-labeling
programs.
After the rapid acceptance of ISO 9000, and theincrease of environmental standards around theworld, ISO assessed the need for internationalenvironmental management standards. Theyformed the Strategic Advisory Group on theEnvironment (SAGE) in 1991, to consider whether such standards could serve to:
Promote a common approach to environmentalmanagement similar to quality management;Enhance organizations’ ability to attain andmeasure improvements in environmental
performance; andFacilitate trade and remove trade barriers.
The new series of ISO14000 standards are
designed to cover:
envir onmental management systems
environmental auditing
environmental performance evaluati on
environmental labelin g
life-cycl e assessment
environmental aspects in pr oduct standards
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A set of international standards brings a world-wide focus to the environment, encouraging acleaner, safer, healthier world for all.
The existence of the standards allowsorganizations to focus environmental effortsagainst an internationally accepted criteria.
Why have these new standards ?
At present many countries and regionalgroupings are generating their own requirementsfor environmental issues, and these vary
between the groups.
A single standard will ensure that there are noconflicts between regional interpretations of good environmental practice.
The fact that companies may needenvironmental management certification tocompete in the global marketplace could easilyovershadow all ethical reasons for environmental management.
Benefits of an
Environmental
Management
System
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An organization should implement an effectiveenvironmental management system in order tohelp protect human health and the environmentfrom the potential impacts of its activities,
products or services; and to assist in maintainingand improving the quality of the environment.
Benefits of an Environmental
Management System
Having an EMS can help an organization provide confidence to i ts interested parties that amanagement commitment exists to meet the
provisions of its policy, objectives, and targets;
emphasis is placed on prevention rather thancorrective action;
evidence of reasonable care and regulatory
compliance can be provided;andthe systems design incorporates the process of continual improvement.
An organization whose management systemincorporates an EMS has a framework to
balance and integrate economic andenvironmental interests.
An organization that has implemented an EMScan achieve significant competitive advantages.
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Potential Benefits of an Effective EMS
uassuring customers of commitment to demonstrableenvironmental management;
umaintaining good public/community relations;
usatisfying investor criteria and improving access tocapital;
uobtaining insurance at reasonable cost;
uenhancing image and market share;
umeeting vendor certification criteria;
Potential Benefits of an Effective EMS
uimproving cost control;
ureducing incidents that result in liability;
udemonstrating reasonable care;
uconserving input materials and energy;
ufacilitating the attainment of permits and authorizations;
ufostering development and sharing environmental solutio
uimproving industry government relations.
ISO14000The Environmental Standard
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The ISO 14000 Series of Standards
ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems -Specification with Guidance for Use
ISO 14004 Environmental Management Systems -General Guidelines on Principles,Systems and Supporting Techniques
ISO 14010 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -General Principles of EnvironmentalAuditing
ISO 14011 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -AuditProcedures - Part 1: Auditing of EnvironmentalManagement Systems
ISO 14012 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing-
Qualification Criteria for
Environmental Auditors
ISO 14013/15 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -
Audit Programmes, Reviews &
Assessments
ISO 14020/23 Environmental Labeling
ISO 14024 Environmental Labeling -
Practitioner Programs - Guiding Principles,
Practices and Certification Procedures of
Multiple Criteria Programs
The ISO 14000 Series of Standards
ISO 14031/32 Guidelines on Environmental PerformanceEvaluation
ISO 14040/43 Life Cycle Assessment General Principlesand Practices
ISO14050 Glossary
ISO 14060 Guide for the Inclusion of EnvironmentalAspects in Product Standards
The ISO 14000 Series of Standards
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ISO 14004 EnvironmentalManagement Systems - General
Guidelines on Principles,Systems and Supporting
Techniques
ISO 14004 shares many characteristics with itscousin ISO 9004.
For one thing a company is free to shape itsmanagement system to fit the needs of its size,market and economic situation.
Also some of the elements of a managementsystem are the same.
Summary
ISO 14004 outlines the general approach to anenvironmental system.
It includes many suggestions on how to designand implement an environmental managementsystem.
ISO 14004 is actually a guideline standardintended to help any organisation to implementor improve an environments managementsystem.
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The EMS model follows the basic view of anorganization which subscribes to the following
principles.
The Principles and Elements of an
Environmental Management
System (EMS)
Principle 1—Commitment and policy
Principle 2—Planning
Principle 3—ImplementationPrinciple 4—Measurement & evaluation
Principle 5—Review and improvement
The Principles and Elements of an
Environmental Management
System (EMS)
Review
& Improvement
Measurement
& Evaluation
Continual ImprovementCommitment
& Policy
Planning
Implementation
Environmental Management System
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An organization should define its environmental policy and ensure commitment to its EMS
Principle 1—Commitment and policy
An organization should formulate a plan tofulfill its environmental policy.
Principle 2—Planning
For effective implementation, an organizationshould develop the capabilities and supportmechanisms necessary to achieve itsenvironmental policy, objectives and targets.
Principle 3—Implementation
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An organization should measure, monitor andevaluate its environmental performance.
Principle 4—Measurement
and evaluation
An organization should review and continuallyimprove its environmental management system,with the objective of improving its overallenvironmental performance.
Principle 5—Review and improvement
Review
& Improvement
Measurement
& Evaluation
Continual ImprovementCommitment
& Policy
Planning
Implementation
Environmental Management System
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With this in mind, the EMS is best viewed as anorganizing framework that should be continuallymonitored and periodically reviewed to provideeffective direction for an organization’senvironmental activities in response to changinginternal and external factors.
Every individual in an organization shouldaccept responsibility for environmentalimprovements.
What is “The Environment”?
u“Everything, including me”
uPlanet Earth
– 40,000 km around
– Hi story: One Mi nute before Mi dnight
– Population: A Jumbo Jet every 3 minutes
?!!
Principles of Ecology
u No such thing as a Free Lunch
uEmissions disperse, but nothingdisappears
uThe sun is the source of all energy
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Carrying Capacity
RESOURCES
PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION
WASTES
ECONOMY
ENVIRONMENT
Dynamics of Growth in a Finite World
Meadows Projection
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050 2075 2100
population
resources
pollution
The Main Drivers of Concern
uFinite Resources
uBy-products and Pollution – Air, Land and Water
uHealth – Of Both People and Other Life
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production
use
disposal
The Cycle of Industrial Life
The Essence of SuccessfulEnvironmental Management
Understandingimpacts
Using less andbuying better
Senior management
leadership
Environmentalmanager
Environmentalliteracy
Integrationwith
managementsystem Honest
communicationsMeasurable
benefits
Main Areas of Focus
uPurchasing
uReporting
uEmployee Awareness
uProduct Development
uStrategy and Sustainability
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Management Systems (EM S, ISO14001) uDefine Policy
uAllocate Staff and Resources
uDetermine Key Issues (Environmental Aspects)
uSet Objectives and Targets
uPlan to meet them
uDoing it!
uMeasurement and Monitoring
uSystems and Documentation
uAudit and Review: Checking it’s working
The ISO14001 Cycle
Initial Review
Policy
Planning
Environmental Aspects
Objectives and Targets
Management Planning and TrainingOperationalControl
Documentation
Monitoring & Audit
Management Review
Continuous Improvement
uRequirement of ISO14001
uSimilar to Total Quality Management
u Kaizen is Japanese version
uMeasurement basis
uTrack progress and Feedback Success
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Responsibility and Authority
BOARD
MAIN
BUSINESS
SUPPORT
SERVICES
EMT
Successful EnvironmentalProgrammes
uMake Good COMMERCIAL SENSE
uOVERTURN conventional thinking
uBecome INTEGRATED into Business decision making
u Focus on INNOVATION and INSPIRATION
uMeet the REAL NEEDS in better ways
uACHIEVE Continuous Environmental Improvement
PRACTICAL HELP - DEVELOPING AN
ENVIRONEMNTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
Commitment Planning Example and Policy
Environmental Conserve natural resources policy& comit.
Objective 1 Minimize water use where tech-
nically & commercially possibleTarget 1 Reduce water consumption
at selected sites by 15%of present levels in 1 year
Programme1 Water reuse
Action 1 Install equipment to recyclewater used for rinsing in
Process A for reuse in Process B
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PRACTICAL HELP -
IDENTIFYING ENVRIONEMNTAL IMPACTS
Activity, Product Aspect Impact
& Service
Activity - Potential for Contamination
Handling of accidental of soil or Hazardous spillage water
MaterialsActivity - Reformulation Conservation of product refinement of the product natural
to reduce its resourcesvolume
Service - vehicle Exhaust emissions Reduction of maintenance air emissions
“Excellence isnot an act but ahabit”
Ar istotle 330 BC
ISO 14001 EnvironmentalManagement Systems -
Specification with Guidance forUse
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ISO 14001 is the standard used when seekingregistration or demonstration of anenvironmental system .
It spells out the actual requirements for anEMS. Note that these are considered to be theminimum number of requirements for any EMS.
The standard has the actual requirementcontained in Section 4 just like ISO 9001.
Other parts of ISO 14001 have information ondefinitions, purpose and other usefulinformation.
Summary
ISO 14001 specifies requirements for anenvironmental management system, to enable anorganization to formulate a policy and objectivestaking into account legislative requirements andinformation about significant environmentalimpacts.
It applies to those environmental aspects which
the organization can control and over which itcan be expected to have an influence.
It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria.
Scope
ISO 14001 is applicable to any organization thatwishes to
a) implement, maintain and improve anenvironmental management system;
b) assure itself of its conformance with itsstated environmental policy;
c) demonstrate such conformance to others;d) seek certification/registration of its
environmental management system by anexternal organization;
e) make a self determination and self declaration of conformance with ISO 14001.
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All the requirements in ISO 14001 are intendedto be incorporated into any environmentalmanagement system.
The extent of the application will depend onsuch factors as the environmental policy of theorganization, the nature of its activities and theconditions in which it operates.
THE ACTUALREQUIREMENTS OF
ANENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
“T he organization shall establish and maintain
an EM S . . ."
begins section four of ISO 14001.
uJust like ISO 9000, section four contains all of the requirements of the system.
uAlso like ISO 9000, the word shall means youmust take this action.
uThus, you must have a well-documented EMSthat can be demonstratable to an auditor as
being in conformance and effective.
REQUIREMENTS
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1 Environmental policy2 Planning
2.1 Environmental aspects
2.2 Legal and other requirements2.3 Objectives and targets2.4 Environmental management program(s)
3 Implementation and operation3.1 Structure and responsibility3.2 Training, awareness and competence3.3 Communication3.4 Environmental management system documentation3.5 Document control3.6 Operational control3.7 Emergency preparedness and response
4 Checking and corrective action4.1 Monitoring and measurement4.2 Non-conformance & corrective & preventive actio4.3 Records4.4 Environmental management system audit
5 Management review
Management
Review
Checking &
Corrective
Action
Continual Improvement
EnvironmentalPolicy
Planning
Implementation
andOperation
Environmental Management System
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
uTop management must write and make knowna company-wide policy on environmentalissues.
uThis includes anything that has an impact onthe surrounding environment, such as noise,quality of work life, discharge, scrap, disposalof products, neighbourhood aesthetics, and soon.
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PLANNINGuPlanning begins by defining where the
company can control the environmental resultsof its operations, products, and services.
uThen an up to-date list of environmentalregulations and requirements that apply to thecompany are compiled.
uUsing this information, the targets andobjectives are set.
IMPLEMENTATION ANDOPERATION
uJust like ISO 9000, the lines of responsibilityare defined provide the people and resourcesto get the job done.
uYou also have to have top management assign
a manager as the official EMS coordinator.
uThis coordinator is responsible for ensuringimplementation and then regularly reviewingthe EMS and reporting to management.
uAll this has to be documented.
CHECKING AND
CORRECTIVE ACTIONuA system should be developed where key
environmental characteristics are measured andrecorded.
uThese are done in a fashion similar to an SPCsystem, that is, a regularly scheduled activityassigned to specific people.
uThen the written data will have to be handled,analyzed, and stored under the ISO 9000
procedure for quali ty records.
uIn addition, any measurement equipment will comeunder the ISO 9000 procedure for the maintenanceand calibration measuring devices.
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MANAGEMENT REVIEW
uAt regular intervals, usually at least once ayear, top management needs to review thecomplete EMS for completeness andeffectiveness.
uThis review will consist of the results of internal audits, reports on new requirementsand regulations and the management'sdiscussion of the strategic plan for thecompany.
uThen upper management will decide whether to modify or change the existing EMS to better meet their changing needs and targets. All of this has to be documented.
Management
Review
Checking &
Corrective
Action
Continual Improvement
EnvironmentalPolicy
Planning
Implementation
andOperation
Environmental Management System
CONCLUSION
uThe five basic requirements of an EMS reallyare a combination of environmental concernsand ISO 9000 requirements.
uIn fact, the most widely used national standardfor EMS, BS 7750, is extremely similar to ISO14001.
uIt would be fair to say that a company that hasISO 9000 in place and has studied BS 7750would be well on its way to conforming withISO 14001.
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Implementation
Typical Guideline for Implementation:
uEstablish a steering committee of management to
oversee implementation.
uSelf evaluate company
uWrite policies for environment management system
uForm a written action plan based on a management
discussion and the base line audit; assign specific
managers specific tasks; form a project management
time line
uRevise or create Environmental Procedures Manual
to reflect the requirements of ISO 14001.
uSelect a registrar if receiving third party audit.uUpgrade or create written work instructions as required
uConduct a system wide audit when the system is in place
and compare it to the baseline audit.
uTake corrective action on weaknesses or schedule actual
ISO 14001 audit
uPrepare for the audit by reviewing all points of the
environmental management system with management and
workers
uBe audited and respond to corrective actions as needed.
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As in an ISO 9000 program, senior management commitment is required before embarking on an ISO 14000
program.
Once senior management is committed toimplementing an ISO 14001 program the project
planning begins. This planning includesscheduling, budgeting, assigning personnel,responsibilities and resources, and if required,retaining specialized external assistance.
Senior management needs to provide a focus for the Environmental Management System by
defining the organization’s environmental policy. This policy must include, among other things, a commitment to continuousimprovement, prevention of pollution andcompliance with legislation and regulations.
Next, an initial review the organization’sexisting environmental program is needed.
This review includes the consideration of allapplicable environmental regulations, existing
processes, documentation, work practices andeffects of current operations.
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Once the initial review is completed, a strategic
or implementation plan can be developed.
Implementation planning is similar to projectmanagement and the steps, scope, time-frame,costs and responsibilities need to be defined inorder to develop and implement anEnvironmental Management System that meetsthe organization’s targets and objectives, and
promotes continuous improvement.
The strategic plan sets the framework for partic ipation of the responsible and affected parties within the organization.
Both in the initial review and on an ongoing basis, the organization’s activit ies, products andservices require evaluation to determine their interaction with the environment.
Environmental issues such as noise, emissions,environmental impact, waste reduction andenergy use must be identified.
The organization then needs to identify theaspects which can interact with the environmentand which ones it can control or influence.
The identified impacts are then used as a basisfor setting environmental objectives within theorganization.
Objectives also need to take into accountrelevant legal and regulatory requirements,financial, operational and business requirementsand the views of interested parties.
Interested parties may be people or groups, suchas neighboursor interest groups, concerned withthe organization’s environmental performance.
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Objectives of the organization need to bedetermined and specific targets set.
An objective is an overall goal which may be assimple as “meeting or exceeding regulation” or “reduction in energy consumption” and thetargets provide quantified measurements.
Objectives and targets are set by theorganization, not by the ISO 14001 standard.
Identifying the impacts, judging their significance and setting reasonable objectivesand targets are some of the major “environmental” challenges presented by ISO14000.
Ladder Environmental Management System Development
Environmental Management System
Environmental Policy
List of Issues
The Management Team
Regulations Customer RequirementsHealth & Safety Issues
in the Company
MAINTAINING
THE
SYSTEM
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Once the Environmental Management System isimplemented, it’s progress needs to becontinually measured and monitored.
Routine measurement and monitoring must beundertaken of the activities which have beenidentified as having the potential for asignificant impact on the environment.
Maintaining an ISO 14000
Environmental Management System
Routine auditing and review are the keys to
continuous improvement.
Environmental as well as managementcomponents will be required in the audit
program.
Audits of an organization’s EnvironmentalManagement System do not replace, but rather
complement, the issue specific environmentalaudits that may be conducted externally byregulators and consultants or internally byenvironmental engineers or other qualified
personnel.
Periodic Environmental Management Systemaudits are needed to determine if theEnvironmental Management System conformsto the requirements of ISO 14001, and that the
program is implemented and is continuouslyimproving.
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The measuring and monitoring activities and theinternal Environmental Management Systemaudits will identify areas for improvement.
Action must be taken immediately to mitigateany negative impact of the non-conformance andcorrective action must be implemented,
proportional to the non-conformance, toeliminate reoccurrence.
To ensure the continuing effectiveness of theEnvironmental Management System,management needs to regularly review andevaluate information such as the results of audits, corrective action, current and proposedlegislation, results of monitoring, andcomplaints.
This review allows management to look at thesystem and ensure that it is, and will remain,suitable and effective.
The management review may result in changesto policies or systems as the organizationevolves and as technology advances.
An organization’s Environmental ManagementSystem is not a stagnant system but mustcontinually evolve to meet the organization’sever changing needs.
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RELATIONSHIPWITH OTHER
MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS
QualityManagement
EmployeeHealth &
WorkplaceManagement
SafetyManagement
Financial
Management
Environmental
Management
The Overlapping Nature of Management Systems
and Their Common Concerns
uCommon ConcernsuManagement CommitmenuManagement Plans
uDocument ControluCorrective Action
uPreventative ActionuTraining
uContinuous ImprovementuSupplier Relations
1. EnquiryBSI sends a
questionnaire andrelevant information
2. PreliminaryAssessment
BSI evaluates the questionnaire,
assess the EnvironmentalProcedures Manual and the
implementation if the companyEMS
3. Formal ApplicationCompany applies if its EMS is
ready for audit
4 Pre-Award AuditBSI audits and evaluates the company’s
EMS and the effectiveness of its
implantation
5 Award of CertificateA BSI ISO 14000 Certificate is
awarded if the company meets all
the necessary requirements
6. Post-Award
Routine SurveillanceBSI conducts post-award
surveillance twice yearly toensure that the system is
maintained
7. Renewal of
CertificateBSI renews the ISO14000
certificate if the terms and
conditions of the scheme are metThe Process
of
Certification
top related