r --- c-public, dlsclosed es in treatment of hiv/aid_s acute and long term toxicities....
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ADUL TS AND CHILDREN ESTIIVIATED TO SE LIVING
'\IVTTH HIVI'AIDS, E.ND 2003
iDe-.:o.ernber :20<:13
.2:'7
New HIV Infections in 2003: 5 millionDeaths due to HIV/AIDS in 2003: 3 millionPredicted HIV Infections in 2010: 100 million
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HIVTreatment
. HIV is a manageable but incurable disease
. Current arai therapies ali target 2 virai enzymes
. Reverse transciptasenucleoside (NRTI)
. nonnucleoside (NNRTI)
. Protease(PI)
. Current treatment guidelines recommend combination therapywith triple drug regimen for example:
. 2 NRTI's + 1 NNRTIor
2 NRTl's + 1 PI
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Public, dlsclosed
es in Treatment of HIV/AID_S
. Acute and Long Term Toxicities
. Non-Adherence
. Emergence of Resistant Viruses
. Resistance mitigates initial efficacy ANO durability ofantiretroviral therapy.. 780/0of treated patients resistant to one class. 50% of treated patients resistant to multiple classes. Increasing incidence of resistance in acute infection
<5% pre1999, 13%> in 1999, 20% in 2002
. Leads to therapy failure
=> Need for novel therapies
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Intearase Is Essential For Virai RecUcation
. HIV IntegraseIs one of three enzymes encoded by the viraigenome
. Like the other two, reverse transcriptase andprotease, HIV integrase is essential for viraireplication
Retroviruses lacking integrase or containing anon-functional integrase do not replicate
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The Chemistry of HIV Integrase
. oO.. Il..0.P
IO
O.
~ Mg2+-Ò)O \9""'-0.0"r'O. ~~ Mg2+ OO
OI
O"~"'O'
IO
°,
~~ O
dN ~ OH
I ~ O OHF o
O
--(0-O
-~-
IC50 = 0.01 uM
IO0..11..0-P
IO
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IO0..11..0.
PIO
Strand Transfer
°,
r\ ~ R
d"~/yy 'O
O '
I
~ ,0- - ", I - - '
F// ", : -M
g'2+
Mg2+
°,
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A mechanistically related enzY~~,,:~:J-ICVPolymerase
. An RNA dependent RNA Polymerase.00..110-
p'".°
t1A
0-
~o Mg2+"",,,0OH
,°- \9, )O Mg2+\\\\0-;P-0"" I
',,0 O'O .
-P:--.e 1"0O, OO'/~/
Oe
OHOH
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p'".
°tj~- M9"",0-"'0OH,.
O O_.p-O. ~ M 2+' I
~ g'I,B O)0- '0- .e P:::-
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°tjOOH,Strand Elongation -O..it'o. O '"') o BH
OHOH
() ~CI
ìC;ç~ O~OH~ o OHCN
CI
~ oCI
ìC;ç~ I ~ O
I ~ O I \~ O, 9----- \ 2+
CN '" Mg, ,CI Mg2+ICso= 0.04 uM
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HCV Poi
o OH
Jl ol .,OHPh'" ;r lf
O
ICso = 6 ~M
Biologically unstable- covalently binds to proteins
OH
Design.. N' ~
)l~Ph NO
O
EtO OH Chemically unstable-decarboxylates
OH
ICso = 30 ~MDoes not decarboxylateDoes not bind covalently to proteins
O O
ICso = 2 ~M
HCV Polymerase leadsfrom screening
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From Polvmerase to Inteara se
OH OHe
N~ ~ _O
Ph..JlN~ 0 e.
O
OHN'R
Bis anion at physiological pH- poor celi penetration
Lead for HIV-Integrase(inactive on HCVPolymerase)
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. Integrase Strand Transfer (QUICKIN ICso):Measures the ability of the test compound toinhibit the integration of preprocessed donorDNA fragment into target DNA.
. Virai Spread (CIC9s):A 3 day multiple-cycle infectivity assaymeasuring the inhibition of virai spread withH9/iiib virus in MT4 cells to >95% as detectedby p24 ELISA.
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. Complete inhibition of virai replication in manPlasma concentrations always > CIC95
Need potent compounds « 100 nM)
. Aiso need good Pharmacokinetics. High arai bioavailability (percentage of drug
absorbed when dosed orally)
Low clearance (rate at which drug is removedfrom the body)
This leads to long half life
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Plasma Pro te in Bindin
. Drugs bind to plasma protein. Protein binding reduces activity (Iess free drug)
. Measure activity in 100/0foetal bovine serum(minimum) and in 500/0 normal human serum(maximum)
10% FBS activity reflects 'celi penetration'
500/0NHS activity reflects protein binding
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The Lead Structure
OHI
Nr yOH ~,S~N~~~U O
QUICKIN ICso 80 nM
Rat Pharmacokinetics
Biovailability (F) Clearance Halt lite
15% 5 ml/min/kg 3h
.,-0H
N
~NH2\-1
S
[)-CNNH20H
MeOH
.OHI
N' ~ "OH
~N~O"\-~ O
RNH2
MeOH..
OH
N'
:çOH
~ I ~ H
ctN N'RS O
1) DMAD, CHCI3
2) Xylene, reflux
Library of 200 amides
Mechanism?
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C02Me
C02Me
N~cO'Me
~S~N~~ ClaisenV y .lfNH2
S ~ OH
~ I N'
III ..+C02Me
OH
N.0°H
/S~..Jl
V N C02Me
O
HN~O
,s~..A
V N C02Me
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C02Me
HN~cO'Me
lfNHO
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S N~O~~ CO,Me
I ~' O'
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Synthesis
NH20H...
MeOH
1) DMAD, CHCI3,
:çOH /~H
~~ p-Fluorobenzylamine H
~~N ~ O .. N ~Z--- N " MeOH Z--- N
O
541%
...
2) Xylene, reflux
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"OHN
'" JL NH27N~
IZ
473%
OH
OH ~F~~
(O
686%
XCN
NH3 (9)
XCNPhCH2OCOCI
XCN.. .-
OH MeOH NH2 Na2C03,H20 NHIZ
1 275% 385%
OH
OH OH
H2' Pd/C,MeOH
N/X; F HCHO,NaCNBH3I NX FH2NN/- "" I
. x: H I
MeOH, AcOH /N N NO O
7 100% 890%
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rrolidine s nthesis
HO,,,,,,,,~COOMe DAST, DC~ F~COOMe 1) NaOH 1N, MeOH..L~z -78Cto Lt. L~z 2) BOC20,NH4HC03
71%
F~CONH2
L~z
100%OH
TFAA, NEt3, DCM..
F~CN
L~z95%
1) NH20H HCI, Et3N,..
2) DMAD, CHCI3, reflux3) Xylenes, reflux4) Bz2O, Pyridine ~ N:IF N
NZ O
>25% (4 steps)
OMe
cisisomer
O
LiH, DMS
:]:OBZ 1) 4-Fluorobenzylamine O
.. M N ..dry diox:crne e
I
2) H2 Pd/C, MeOH, M~
F ~ 3) HCOH, NaCNBH4, Meo~N C02Me F ~
NZ NNMe
N-Me: OMe = 9:1
OH ~F~~
O
Public, dlsclosed
s nthesis
.O
d)ç~~FO70%
Chiral HPLC1) 4F-BnNH2, MeOH - product
2) TFA/DCM, 2h3) HCOH, NaCNBH3, AcONa 1h, MeOH
/OH
/°'ì[CO'MeOyN
NN INH2OH.HCI DMAD,CHCI3
ONH, CO,Meo-xylene,147°C. O NH2
..NBOC
TEA, EtOH NBOC reflux, 1.5 h NBOC
100% 78%
OH OH O
:):OH :):OBZ , ]c°BZN I Bz2O, Pyr, 3h N I LiH, DMS !°YN CO,Me °YN CO,Me
.. ." O N CO Medloxane, 58 C, 3h 2
NBOC NBOC NBOC
58% 62% 69% 4:1
ements
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Enzo SummaCristina GardeUiEster MuragliaPaola PacePhUJones
useppe CecereUweStephane SpieserOlaf KinzelMaria Rico FerreiraSteve HarperBarbara PaciniFederica OrvietoGiovanna PescatoreMarco FerraraMarco PomaMonica DonghiAlessia PetrocchiBenedetta CrescenziEmanuela NiziRita ScarpelliEmUia Di Francesco
Ralph lauferOdalys Gonzalez PazEdith MonteagudoAnna AlfieriFrancesca NaimoFabio BoneUiMaria VerdirameAlan BishopMarina TalianiMassimiliano Fonsi
Ivia Pescirina Grazianinalise Di Marco
Isabella MarcucciFabrizio FioreAlessandra De Pra
Daria HazudaBiUSchleif
StilmockJay GroblerMark Witmer
MillerPete FelockAbigail WolfeJoe VaccaJohnSteve Young
bertsonTerryNeviUeAnthony
ArmstrongDave
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