radiologic imaging equipment 1. the x-ray room 2

RADIOLO

GIC

IMAGIN

G

EQUIPMENT

1

THE X

-RAY

ROOM

2

PROCESSIN

G ROOM

3

THE X

-RAY

ROOM

4

X-RAY

TUBE

CONTROL P

ANEL

ANCILLARY

EQUIPMENT

5

THE X-RAY TUBE

REVIEW OF X-RAY DISCOVERY

CROOKE’S TUBE

WILHELM ROENTGEN’S OBSERVATIONS

November 8, 1895

BERTHA ROENTGEN’S HAND

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THE X-RAY TUBE

CATHODE

ANODE

VACUUM

GLASS ENVELOPE

CURRENT

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THE X-RAY TUBESimple car battery

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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10

THE X-RAY TUBE

anode cathode

Glass envelope

Tube housing

X-ray tube

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

What do you need to produce ionizing

radiation?

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

anode cathode

Glass envelope

Tube housing

X-ray tube

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

steel casing

Glass envelope

Port/window

oilLead casing

anode cathode

Which end of tube is the positive end?Which end is the negative end?Is this a stationery or rotating anode? 25

THE X-RAY TUBE

What is electromagnetic spectrum?

What are photons?

What is radiation?

What is ionizing radiation?

What is x-ray?

What are roentgen rays

What are photons?

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

Electromagnetic Energy Spectrum

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29

30

31

32

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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THE X-RAY TUBE

The amount of electrons burned

off

• Milli-amperage • Electron cloud• Thermionic

Emission• Focusing cup• ??amount of

electrons???

• ? How many mA are applied?

35

THE X-RAY TUBE

The amount of time charged is

applied

• The longer the the • milli-amps are applied, • the more electrons are• burned off.

• How many seconds are • applied?

36

THE X-RAY TUBE

The strength of the positive charge

The stronger the force of thepositive charge, the faster theelectrons rush toward anode, The more x-rays are generated.The force of the charge is measured by kilovoltage (kV) applied to the anode

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THE X-RAY TUBE

technique

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CONTROL PANEL

Where the technologist controls the x-ray machine

Where technique selection occurs

Always located outside the x-ray room

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CONTROL PANEL

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CONTR0L PANEL

kVp controls Strength of beam kVp more penetrating

50-110 kVp in diagnostic x-ray

Controls contrast and density on image

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CONTROL PANEL

mA controls the amount of electrons

Time controls how long the electrons are sent to anode

Frequently used as a single unitof measure mAs

Controls the density of the image

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ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

Image Receptors Table Tube supports Grids Collimators Misc Equipment

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IMAGE RECEPTORS

Film cassettesCR cassettesDirect imagingBucky tray(grid)Wall Bucky tray(grid)

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IMAGE RECEPTORS

Film Cassettes are light tight, with intensifying screens. They serve to hold the film safe from any damage. CR cassettes look almost identical butcontain a PSP plate that is used to create the image.

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IMAGE RECEPTORS

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TABLE

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TABLE

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TABLE

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TUBE SUPPORTS

Tube Suspension systems are available in 5 versions. Be sure to check the book for configurations. 50

TUBE SUPPORTS

Designed to help technologists with various tube locations for creative imaging.

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TUBE SUPPORTS

Tube Movement

Longitudinal Transverse Vertical Angling or Rolling Rotating Telescoping

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COLLIMATORS

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COLLIMATORS

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COLLIMATORS

Always collimate smaller than the imagereceptor 55

GRIDSDevice used to “clean up” the x-ray image by reducing the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor

Used on larger, thicker parts

Built with parallel lead strips to absorb the scatter radiation

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GRIDS

???

Primary beam

+ -

Exit Radiation

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GRIDS

No grid grid

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GRIDS

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MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

Positioning spongesTapeLead apronsLead blockersMarkersSand bagslinens

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MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

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MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

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X-RAY

TUBE

CONTROL P

ANEL

ANCILLARY

EQUIPMENT

63

THE X

-RAY

ROOM

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PROCESSIN

G ROOM

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PROCESSING ROOM

Film Screen Image Production

Digital Image Production

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PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION

???

Primary beam

+ -

Exit Radiation

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PROCESSING ROOM-IMAGE PRODUCTION

RADIOGRAPH- PERMANENT RECORD OF IMAGE, BY FILM OR BY COMPUTER STORAGE

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DARK ROOM

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DARK ROOM

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DARK ROOM Pass Box

Lockable from inside, contains cassettes Clean, dry, dustless countertop

Work space be free of clutter Safe light

15 watt bulb 3 feet from film, countertop Orange or amber filter/light bulb, depends

on film emulsion type Cassettes, empty and full Film bin

Must be light tight Sometimes locks with door

Processor Needs water supply, Must be clean

Chemicals Store safely 71

DARK ROOM

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DARK ROOM

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CR READER

CR - Computed RadiographyComputed Radiography is an indirect type of imaging system. The receptorused within a CR cassette is called a photostimulable imaging plate (PSP) and it absorbs the radiation exiting the patient. The exposed plate is processed in a CR reader, where the absorbed energy is extracted. The information stored in the CR imaging plate must be processed before viewing can occur. The resultant latent image data is converted from an analog to a digital signal and a digital image is created. Computed Radiography x-ray systems predominantly use conventional x-ray tube systems.

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CR READER

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REVIEW

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REVIEW

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REVIEW

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REVIEW

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THE X-RAY TUBE

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1

2

3 3

4

5

6

7. Describe Tube Travel

8. Describe tube travel

9. Describe how the tube would travel in order to direct x-ray output at #1?? 81