rapid prototyping
Post on 16-Feb-2017
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RAPID PROTOTYPING3-D
Printing
AdditiveManufacturin
g
GenerativeManufacturin
gProcess
MaterialDeposition
Manufacturing
Layer-by-Layer
Manufacturing
Direct CADManufacturi
ngSolid
FreeformFabricatio
n
WHAT and WHY ?
RAPID PROTOTYPING is a process of manufacturing
directly from the CAD data by adding material layer-by-layer without human intervention
Complexity RestraintsRelease Point for
ToolsMultiple
parts bonded into
one complex
part
Design Freedom
Affordable Customiz
ationEncouragi
ng Innovatio
n
Benefits of RAPID PROTOTYPING
Improved Product
Quality and Design
Improved Confidentiali
tyBetter
Communication
Reduced Developme
nt Costs
Shortened Product
Development Cycle
Steps
Pre Processing
• Input• Slicing
Processing
• Photo Curing• Cutting & Glueing/Joining• Melting and Solidifying
• Sealing• Polishing• PaintingPost
Processing
CLASSIFICATION
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
Multi-Jet Modelling (MJM)
Solid Creation System (SCS)
SolidBased Selective
Laser Sintering (SLS)3 Dimensional Printing (3DP)Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
Powder
Based Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA)
Solid Ground Curing (SGC)
Liquid
Based
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
• Developed by the California-based Helisys Inc. (now Cubic Technologies)
• Uses the cutting and glueing method
FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING (FDM)
• Developed by Stratasys
• Uses the fusing and solidifying method
• Durable, Cost-effective products with accuracies similar to stereolithography
• Longer building time
SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS)
• Uses the fusing and solidifying method
• More material options, like thermoplastic, metal powder, ceramics, etc.
• Comparatively inaccurate, rough surface and lesser detail
STEREOLITHOGRAPHY APPARATUS (SLA)
• Uses photo-curing method to solidify liquid resins using UV light.
• Limited material options and colors
• Very accurate, smooth parts are produced
MATERIALS
Factors :• Application• Function• Geometry• Post-processing
PHOTOPOLYMERS
Liquid resins which are cured and hardened with ultraviolet (UV) energy.
Photo-curable materials range in colours, opacities and rigidities.
Manufacturing processes: Stereolithography (SL) and PolyJet
POWDERED PLASTICS
Powdered nylons are “sintered”, layer by layer via a laser to form dense plastic designs
Properties : heat deflection, high strength and excellent elongation properties
Capable of more complex designs, since they don’t require any support
METALS
The powdered metals are heated and fused by a powerful Yb-fibre laser, whose energy essentially welds designs layer by layer
Requires highly trained build engineers and post-processing team
Complex, dense parts that consolidate old designs into one fluid build
THERMOPLASTICS
High performance, engineering-grade materials which exhibit many of the same properties of injection molded plastics
Examples: Polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), etc.
Manufacturing Process:Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)
RAPID PROTOTYPINGTHEN & NOW
19841st 3D Printer developed by Charles Hull,Named “Stereolithography Apparatus”
1996‘Genisys’ from Stratasys‘Actua 2100’ from 3D Systems‘Z402’ from Z Corporation
2008Connex500 by Objet GeometriesCould print in multiple materials simultaneously
SPECIFICATIONS
Build Area Extruders Filament Width Print Speed Horizontal (XY) Resolution Vertical (Z) Resolution
APPLICATIONSBEYOND PROTOTYPING
CONCLUSION
3D printing has been behind the scenes for decades, providing functional prototype and production parts in hundreds of industries. It will continue to benefit as methods and materials improve.
We must remember that additive manufacturing technology is not a replacement for conventional processes, rather an aid.With growing popularity of 3-D printing, there is a concern over the legalities and ethical ramifications. Little or no laws governing the field Digital files run a risk of being stolen/hacked
PRESENTED BY –
ABHISHEK GORAIBATCH: 2012-2016NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPURWEST BENGAL, INDIA
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