rdl energy efficiency and new and renewable energy in commercial buildings – new zealand david...

RDL

Energy Efficiency and New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings

– New Zealand

David F.S. Natusch

APEC EGNRET 28 ,

Tokyo, Japan, 29-30 January, 2007

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

RDL

Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings

New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings

Future Initiatives

The New Zealand Profile

Key Points

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Coverage

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Few Significant Applications

• Mainly Passive.

Heat Loss Reduction

• Thermal Insulation,

• Radiation Minimisation.

Temperature Perception

• Wall Colours,

• Heat/Light Capture – Light pipes

Not an Impressive Record!

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Energy Efficiency

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New Zealand started with 100% Renewable Energy

• Firewood,

• Hydroelectricity.

Has gone Backwards in Renewable Energy Use

• Cheaper to use Coal, Gas and Petroleum Products.

Now trying to slow the Decline by Promoting:

• Hydro,

• Geothermal,

• Biogas,

• Wind Power,

• Biofuels.

A Slow Process

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

New and Renewable Energy

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Energy Supply, 2005

Energy Supplied PJ Total Renewable

% %

Total Energy 688 100 27

Renewables 184 27 100

Non Biological

Hydro 84 12 46

Geothermal 81 12 44

Wind 2.2 0.3 1.2

Biological 17 2.4 9

Wastes: Sewage gas, Landfill gas, Ag. & Wood wastes

Ag. Crops

Wood Most Renewables non-Biological

Fats & Oils

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Current Energy Supply Distribution

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Energy Consumption, 2005

Energy Consumed PJ %

Total Energy 465 100

Agriculture 20 4

Industrial 136 29

Commercial 49 11

Residential 62 13

Transport 198 43

Commercial Energy use is Minor

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Current Consumer Energy Distribution

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Now trying to slow the Decline by Promoting:

• Energy End Use Efficiency

• Solar – mainly Passive,

• Hydro – micro and mini,

• Geothermal,

• Biogas,

• Wind Power,

• Combined Solar and Wind Power

• Biofuels.

The main initiatives are in Energy Efficiency & Biofuels

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Current Initiatives

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New Zealand has a Maritime Climate

• Few Temperature Extremes,

• Less Heating and Cooling Demand cf. other APEC Economies,

Little Economic Drive

• Energy Efficiency savings are relatively small,

• No Government Subsidies for Energy Efficiency.

Most Energy Conservation Activity in Residential Sector

• Management of Off Peak Electricity for Water Heating,

• Building Insulation

The Economic Drivers are not Strong

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

The New Zealand Profile

RDL

• Low Heating and Cooling Demand cf. other APEC Economies,

• Energy Efficiency savings are relatively small,

• No Government Subsidies for Energy Efficiency,

• Most Energy Conservation Activity in Residential Sector,

• Commercial Energy use quite small (11%),

• N & RE use not directed to Commercial Energy Sector,

• Quite high level of N & RE (29%) in the Energy Supply Mix,

• Government Policy to increase N & RE Supply,

• No significant initiatives for Commercial Buildings.

The Economic Drivers are not Strong

Energy Use in Commercial Buildings

Key Points