recent star results and prospects of w +/- boson production in polarized p+p collisions at rhic

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 1

Recent STAR results and prospects of W+/- boson production in polarized p+p collisions at RHIC

Joe Seele (MIT) for the Collaboration

SPIN 2010

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 2

The Spin Puzzle

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1

2=

1

2ΔΣ + Lq

z + ΔG + Lgz

Fairly well measured only ~30% of spin

The proton is viewed as being a “bag” of bound quarks and gluons interacting via QCD

Spins + orbital angular momentum needto give the observed spin 1/2 of proton

Being measuredat RHIC

€

ΔΣ= (Δu + Δd + Δs + Δu + Δd + Δs +L )dx∫

Its decomposition is not well understood, especially the sea… needs data

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 3

Flavor Asymmetry in the Sea

• Pauli blocking should contribute to the observed signal, but how much is currently debated • Non-perturbative processes may be needed in generating the sea

• E866 results are qualitatively consistent with pion cloud models, instanton models, chiral quark soliton models, etc.

arXiv:0904.3821

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 4

Probing the Sea through Ws

• Detect Ws through e+

and e- decay channels• V-A coupling leads to perfect spin separation• Neutrino helicity gives preferred direction in decay

Measure parity violating single helicity asymmetry AL

(Helicity flip in one beam while averaging over the other)

€

u + d → W + → e+ + ν

€

u + d → W − → e− + ν

€

ALW +

∝−Δu(x1)d (x2) + Δd (x1)u(x2)

€

ALW − ∝−Δd(x1)u (x2) + Δu (x1)d(x2)

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 5

RHIC and STAR

A polarized proton-proton collider to study spin in QCD up to sqrt(s)=500 GeV

TPC(time projection

chamber)

BEMC(barrel)

EEMC(endcap)

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 6

W Algo: MotivationWhat we want to accept

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

What we want to reject

Look for the electron-type events with no energy/momentum on the away side

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 7

W Algo: Lepton Isolation

TPC track extrapolated

to BTOW tower grid

4x4

2x2

Lepton Isolation Cuts:•Require TPC track with pT > 10 GeV•Extrapolate track to Barrel Calorimeter•Require highest 2x2 cluster around pointed tower sum ET

> 15 GeV•Require excess ET in 4x4 cluster < 5% •Match track to 2x2 cluster position•Get charge sign of lepton

Signalregion

Jets

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 8

W Algo: Suppress QCD Background

Suppress jets with leading hadron•Near side jet-cone veto

Suppress di-jets and multi-jet events

•Away side pT sum veto•Require an imbalance in pT of the lepton cluster and any jets reconstructed outside the near side jet cone

Cluster ET / 0.7 Cone ET

Signalregion

Jets

Signal

Dijets

electron

nearConedelR=0.7

ptBalance 4pi -

nearCone

sum only jets

Transverse plane view

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 9

The Raw Signal

STAR recorded 13.7pb-1 in the run9 500 GeV running period

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 10

Extracting the W Signal

ee

W

νντντ

τ

τ

++→+→

MC Normalized to L=13.7 pb-

1

PYTHIA+GEANT MC

50

Run 9 Data Missing Endcap Vetoed QCD Background

1. Run analysis with EEMC in veto cuts

2. Run analysis without EEMC in veto cuts

3. Subtract two raw signals

50

Normalized at ET<19 GeV Data Driven QCD Bkgd.

Signal

Dijets

50

EMC Cluster ET (GeV)

Total Background

EMC Cluster ET (GeV)

70

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 11

STAR W Signals

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 12

Data/MC Shape Comparison

Monte-Carlo is full PYTHIA+GEANT simulation of W→e+ν events at 500 GeV

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 13

First STAR W Cross Section

pb lumi.)( 14)syst.( )stat.( 361 1013 ±±= +−+→ ++ νσ

eW

pb )lumi.( 4 )syst.( )stat.( 217 34 ±±= +

−+→ −− νσeW

Run 9 STAR Preliminary (p+p 500 GeV)

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 14

First STAR W AL

Then spin sorting, we calculate the AL

STAR Run 9 Result

€

AL (W +) = −0.27 ± 0.10(stat) ± 0.02(syst)

AL (W −) = 0.14 ± 0.19(stat) ± 0.02(syst)

Newly released at arXiv:1009.0326

Lepton pseudorapidity

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 15

Future W AL Measurements

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 16

Future Ws at mid-rapidity

STAR has shown the capability to detect the W at mid-rapidity.

With the expected 300pb-1 for the 500 GeV program STAR will provide strong constraints on the polarized sea pdfs using the mid-rapidity data

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 17

Future Ws at forward rapidityAt forward/backward rapidity the ALs become more sensitive to a single quark flavor

The expected uncertainties for the 500 GeV program are shown to the right for the endcap acceptance

Measurements rely on the planned Forward GEM Tracker upgrade

€

ALW +(y l >> 0)

€

ALW +(y l << 0)

€

ALW −(y l >> 0)

€

ALW −(y l << 0)

€

1< η < 2

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 18

Conclusions

• Measurements of the W in polarized p+p collisions provide needed information about the polarized sea in the proton.

• STAR has shown a first measurement of the cross section and single helicity asymmetry of the W signal in polarized p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=500 GeV which agree with expectations.

• Planned STAR measurements will provide strong constraints on the polarized sea of the proton.

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 19

Backup Slides

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 20

2009 500 GeV Data Set

STAR recorded 13.7pb-1 in the 500 GeV running period

Required a high tower trigger (ET > 7.3 GeV) and a high ET 2x2 clusters (ET > 13 GeV)

leptons from Wsshould appear here

7.3 GeV

13 GeV

EMC tower ADC

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 21

LO interpretation for x1=x2

STAR Barrel EMC

Predictions for AL

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 22

Charge Separation at High pT

+/- distance D ~ 1/PT

PT=5 GeV/c : D~15 cm

PT=40 GeV/c : D ~2 cm

shownelectron & positron

PT= 5 GeV/c

infinite PT

vertex

200 cm of tracking

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 23

Event Rejection

Run 9 Data Pythia+Geant W+ MC

Track pT > 10 GeV

Lepton Isolation Cut

Near Side pT VetoAway Side pT & ptBalance VetoWs

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 24

Example Lego Plots

W event

Dijet event

π π

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 25

Cross Section Formula

( )

GeV 25 and 1 : Acceptance Kinematic

11112

><

−== ∫ ∫ →

eTe

backobsW

recovertextrigeT

eeWee

TW

E

NNLdEd

dddE

η

εεεη

σησ ν

Efficiencies Calculated from full PYTHIA + GEANT simulations

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 26

Cross Section Uncertainties

• W Reconstruction Systematic– Track Reconstruction: 15-20%– Vertex Reconstruction: 4%– Energy Scale: < 1%

• Normalization/Luminosity Systematic– Vernier scan absolute cross section: 23%

• Background Systematic– Vary data driven QCD background shape and normalization region

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 27

+ helicity - helicity

STAR sees 4 helicity statesSTAR runs 4 parallel measurements

Helicity of beams at STAR

RHIC measured polarizationRun 9 @ 2x250 GeVPol yellow 0.40Pol blue 0.38syst. pol (blue+yellow)=9.2%

Blue helicity: - - + + ...Yellow

helicity: +

- + - ...

R

R

R

R

spin rotator

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 28

Monitor spin dependent luminosity

2x2

4x4

relative luminosities of 4 states monitored

to ~1%TPC track extrapolated

to BTOW tower grid

B - Y -

B - Y +

B + Y -

B + Y +

helicities of beams colliding at STAR

Counts

Wspi0’s

jets

relative luminosity monitorC

ount

s

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 29

negative helicity

unpolarized

negative ALPstatistically

significant

W+ yield integrated over |eta|<1

Null testpassed

Counts

B - Y

- B - Y

+ B + Y

- B + Y

+

Up quark pol. seen by “naked eye”

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 30

Spin dependent xsec for long. Pol.

P-V AL( the goal ) ALL

AN x residual transverse pol

Q

neglected because STAR is phi-symmetric

yields integrated over |eta|<1

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 31

Long. spin asymmetries for Ws

AL

ALL

Null test

STAR has measured 4 independent yields for the physics process

selected 3 asymmetries are independent ( 6 were investigated)

yields integrated over |eta|<1

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 32

6 measured spin asymmetries for Ws

P-V AL

Null test

W+

P-V AL

ALL

Null test

W-

ALL

Physics asymmetries corrected for unpolarized background

J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 33

Systematic errors for ALFull list of accounted systematic

errors in Run 9

W+ W - high low high low 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 CNI average

polarization of both beams (P1+P2)

0.070 0.020 0.130 0.030 QCD unpolarized background

0.065 0.065 0.135 0.135 QCD pol. bckg. ~0: use 1/2 stat error of this test

0.004 0.000 0.004 0.000 decay of pol. within fill

0.13 0.11 0.21 0.17 total syst. in fraction of measured AL

Following effects were considered and their contribution set to zero

* dilution of AL due to swap of W+/W- charge - the Q/PT cut prevents it

*

*