referencing apa v1
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To respect and acknowledge the work of others
To give credibility to your work
To allow the reader to read further on a particular
point you have made
Display a knowledge of current literature
Demonstrate support for your ideas, opinions and point
of view
Provide examples or evidence to support own research
Why do we Reference?
To avoid plagiarism
Why do we Reference?
Plagiarism is the act of taking
and using another authors work
as ones own.
Scope of Workshop
What is Referencing
Why do we Reference
Why is Referencing Important
Evils of not Referencing (Plagiarism)
When should you Reference
How to Reference
Why is Referencing Important
In a legal and moral sense, words and ideas are the property of
their authors.
Applies to all printed material as well as to words and ideas found
through electronic sources.
When you dont reference properly, you are presenting someone
elses words and/or ideas as if they are your own.
This is PLAGARISM.
Plagiarism is the act of taking and using anotherauthors work as ones own.
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Why is Referencing Important Why is Referencing Important
Plagiarism, is the act of presenting the ideas, words or other
intellectual property of another as one's own. The use of other
people's work must beproperly acknowledged and referencedin all
written material such as take-home examinations, essays, laboratory
reports, work-term reports, design projects, statistical data,
computer programs and research results. Theproperly acknowledged
use of sources is an accepted and important part of scholarship. Use
of such material without complete and unambiguous
acknowledgement, however, is an offence under this policy.
http://www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy71.htm
Scope of Workshop
What is Referencing
Why do we Reference
Why is Referencing Important
Evils of not Referencing (Plagiarism)
When should you Reference
How to Reference
Evils of Not Referencing
Doing assignments help students learn required materials
copying does not
Writing research papers provides valuable experience for future
positions (employment and/or academic)
copying does not
ignoring details like referencing does not
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Evils of Not Referencing
Plagiarism can lead to serious consequences
failure of the assignment
failure in the course
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Ask your lecturerfor class id and
password
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Enter allrequested
information
Enter allrequested
information
Click
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Scope of Workshop
What is Referencing
Why do we Reference
Why is Referencing Important
Evils of not Referencing (Plagiarism)
When should you Reference
How to Reference
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When should YOU Reference
You dont need to reference
common knowledge (in your own words)
e.g., Java i s an object-oriented programming language
your ideas, thoughts, etc.
e.g., I think all web-based applications should be implemented in
Java.
When should YOU Reference
You need to reference
common knowledge (using specific sources)
e.g., Java is an object-oriented programming
language can be cited from many sources.
ideas taken from other sources
e.g., Because OOPLs support the object notions of
classes, inheritance, information hiding, and dynamic
binding, OOPLs make an object-oriented design easier
to implement (Baudoin & Hollowell, 1996).
when in doubt (better safe than sorry)
Baudoin, C. & Hollowell, G. (1996). Realizing the object-oriented lifecycle. PrenticeHall.
Scope of Workshop
Introductions
What is Referencing
Why do we Reference
Why is Referencing Important
Evils of not Referencing (Plagiarism)
When should you Reference
How to Reference
Referencing Terminology
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Methods of Referencing
Harvard aka Author-Date system
Oxford
APA
MLA
Chicago
Vancouver
Turabian
Differs between Universities/Faculties/Lecturers
Before you write your list ofreferences/bibliography check with yourlecturer/tutor for the bibliographic style
adopted by the Department of IT.
Topic (Size 40)
References/BibliographyAmerican Psychological Association (APA)Style
APA Style: Reference List
A list of references contains details only of those works cited
in the text.
The Reference List is placed at the end of the essay/report
and is arranged alphabetically by author, and thereafter
chronologically, starting with the earliest date.
Where an item has no author it is cited by its title.
APA Style: Reference List
Single author entries precede references with multiple authors
beginning with the same name.
When the work cited has 2 or more authors, use an ampersand (&)
before the last author.
When the work cited has more than six authors, cite the first six,
then use et al. to indicate the remaining authors (an in-text
reference to a work with more than six authors would only include
the first author, followed by et al).
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APA Style: Reference List
Where several works have the same author and year of publication, add a
lower-case letter of the alphabet to the publication date. The order of the
listing of the alphabet letters a, b, c is based on the letter-by-letter
alphabetical order of the title of the work. E.g.
Jones, A. B. 2008
Smith, A. K. 2009
Smith, A. K. 2010
Young, J. C. 2009a
Young, J. C. 2009b
The format of the citation depends on the nature of the work, ie. whether
it is a book, journal article, website, etc.
FOR A BOOK
The details required in order are:
1. Author - surname and initials
2. year of publication
3. title of publication and subtitle if any (all titles must be italicised)
4. edition, if other than first
5. place of publication
6. publisher
FOR A BOOK
One author:
Tavani, H.T. (2006). Ethics and technology: Ethical issues
in an age of information and communication technology
(2nd ed.). New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons.
author initials year title - italicised
edition publisherplace of publication
Two to six authors:
Cengel, Y.A. & Boles, M.A. (1994). Thermodynamics: an
engineering approach (2nd ed.). London:McGraw Hill.
Six or more authors:
Johnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, M., Harris, Y., Moreton, G.,
Morgan, B. et al. (2005). How far Is far? London: McMillan.
FOR A BOOK
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How would you reference this book?Systems Analysis & Design in a Changing World, Fourth Edition (Hardcover)by John W. Satzinger (Author), Robert B. Jackson (Author), Stephen D. Burd
(Author)
Hardcover: 712 pages
Publisher: Course Technology; 4 edition (February 16, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1418836125
ISBN-13: 978-1418836122
Example:
How would you reference this book?
FOR A BOOK
Systems Analysis & Design in a Changing World, Fourth Edition (Hardcover)
by John W. Satzinger (Author), Robert B. Jackson (Author), Stephen D. Burd (Author)
Hardcover: 712 pages
Publisher: Course Technology; 4 edition (February 16, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1418836125
ISBN-13: 978-1418836122
Satzinger, J.W., Jackson, R.B. & Burd, S.D. (2006).Systems analysis & design in a changing world (4th ed.).
Boston:Course Technology.
FOR AN ARTICLE
The details required, in order, are:
1. Family name and initials of author/s
2. year of publication
3. title of article, in single quotation marks
4. title of journal (italicised)
5. volume number (italicised)
6. issue (or part) number
7. page number(s)
Journal article
Uribe, T.E. & Cheung, S. (2007). Automatic analysis of firewall andnetwork intrusion detection system configurations.Journal ofComputer Security, 5(6), 691-715.
FOR AN ARTICLE
Journal article
Uribe, T.E. & Cheung, S. (2007). Automatic analysis of firewall andnetwork intrusion detection system configurations.Journal ofComputer Security, 5(6), 691-715.
Explanation of above citation
Uribe, T.E. & Cheung, S. (2007). Automatic analysis of firewall and
network intrusion detection system configurations.Journal of
Computer Security, 5(6), 691-715.
Author last
nameinitials year Title
Volume-ita lic ised Issue non italicised pages
title of journal - italicised
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FOR AN ARTICLE
Conference paper (published)
Bohrer, S., Zielke, T. & Freiburg, V. (1995). Integrated obstacle
detection framework for intelligent cruise control on motorways. Paper
presented at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Detroit, MI:
Piscataway.
Conference paper (unpublished)
Bowden, F.J. & Fairley, C.K. (1996, June). Endemic STDs in the Northern
Territory: estimations of effective rates of partner change. Paper
presented at the scientific meeting of the Royal Australian College of
Physicians, Darwin.
FOR AN ARTICLE
Newspaper article (with author)
Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p. 8.
Newspaper article (with no author)
Meeting the needs of counsellors. (2001, May 5). The Courier Mail, p. 22.
Magazine article
Marano, H.E. (2008, March-April). Making of a perfectionist. Psychology
Today, 41, 80-86.
How would you reference the following article?
Example:
FOR AN ARTICLE
How would you reference the following article?
Garcia, F.J. & Moreno, M.N. (2004). Software modelingtechniques for a first course in software engineering: Aworkshop-based approach. IEEE Transactions onEducation, 47(2).
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FOR AN ARTICLE
How would you reference the following article?
use this portion
for title andauthor details
use thisportion forpublication
details
FOR AN ARTICLEHow would you reference the following article?
title and author detailspublication details Haberman
Example:Haberman, B., Lev, E. & Langley, D. (2003). Action research as a tool forpromoting teacher awareness of students conceptual understanding.Paper presented at the 8th annual conference on innovation andtechnology in computer science education. Thessalonika, Greece.
If there are
insufficientdetails,
google thetitle for moreinformation
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Choong, Y.W., Laurent, D. & Marcel, P. (2001). Computing appropriaterepresentations for multidimensional data. Paper presented at the 4th
ACM international workshop on data warehousing and OLAP. Atlanta,Georgia.
If there areinsufficient
details, google
the title formore
information
FOR A NON-BOOK
The details required are the same as for a book, with the form of the item(eg video recording, tape,computer file, etc.) indicated after the year.
Appleseed Productions. (2009). Get the facts (and get them organised)[Video recording]. Williamstown, Vic.
FORM OF ITEM
Knowledge Adventure Inc. (1998). Dr Brain thinking games [CD-ROM].Torrance, California.
FOR WEB SITES & OTHERELECTRONIC SOURCES
This could include sources from full text compact disk products,electronic journals or other sources from the Internet.
The basic form of the citations follow the principles listed for print sources1. name/s of author/s2. date of publication3. title of publication4. date item viewed5. name or site address on internet (if applicable)
Weibel, S. (1995). Metadata: the foundations of resource description.
Retrieved January 7, 1997, from
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html.
FOR WEB SITES & OTHERELECTRONIC SOURCES
How would you reference the following e-article?
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FOR WEB SITES & OTHERELECTRONIC SOURCES
Weibel, S. (1995).Metadata: the foundations of resource
description. Retrieved January 7, 1997, fromhttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html.
Example:
FOR WEB SITES & OTHERELECTRONIC SOURCES
Leeman, R.M. & Glass, D.H. Teaching Java with robots andartificial life. Retrieved April 1, 2008, from
http://http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/italics/vol6iss4/LeemanGlass.pdf.
REFERENCES IN THE TEXT OFYOUR ASSIGNMENT
In an author-date style, a textual citation generally requires only the
name of the author(s) and the year of publication.
Example:
In order to understand the OO approach, everything can be
perceived as an object (Satzinger & Orvik, 2000)
Alternatively, the authors surname may be integrated into the text,
followed by the year of publication in parentheses.
Example:
In order to understand the OO approach, Satzinger and Orvik (2000)maintain that everything can be perceived as an object.
REFERENCES IN THE TEXT OFYOUR ASSIGNMENT
If there are more than 2 works by the same author, published in the same
year, add the letters 'a', 'b', etc. to the year to distinguish the works. Also
add these letters to the year in the list of references at the end of the
essay.
Example:
Public housing remains a neglected area (Young, J. C. 1988a,1988b)
If there are more than 6 authors, list only the first followed by et al.
Example:
Other researchers have questioned these findings (Johnson et al.,
2005)
.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY / LIST OFREFERENCES
NOTE:
A list of references contains details onlyof those works cited in the
text, listed alphabetically.
Use references in your assignments.
A bibliography includes sources not cited in the text but which are
relevant to the subject, listed alphabetically.
Use bibliography in your final year projects.
BIBLIOGRAPHY / LIST OFREFERENCES
EXAMPLE:
REFERENCES
Larman, C. (2005).Applying UML and patterns: An introduction toobject-oriented analysis and design and iterative development (3rd ed.). NewJersey:Prentice Hall.
Sharp, H.C. & Newton, M.A. (1994). Object-oriented analysis and design: A
question of approach. Paper presented at the 1st international conference
on software engineering in higher education (SEHE 94), 16, 309-312.
Yazici, S., Boyle, T. & Khan, T. (2001). Towards a multimedia learningenvironment for object-oriented design. Retrieved September 10, 2006, from
http://www.ics.ltsn.ac.uk/pub/conf2001/papers/Yazici.htm.
Scope of Workshop
What is Referencing
Why do we Reference
Why is Referencing Important
Evils of not Referencing (Plagiarism)
When should you Reference
How to Reference
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